標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔教案授課單元21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語(yǔ)第2冊(cè)第7單元本（章）節(jié)課堂講授（√）實(shí)踐課（）教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)6授課方式1.masterthebasiclanguageandskillsnecessarytofulfillobligations;本（2.understandthemainideasofTextA,TextBandTextC,章）andmastertheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsand節(jié)expressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevanttothefirsttwo教學(xué)texts;目授3.knowhowtousethesubjunctivemood;標(biāo)課4.knowhowtowriteapersonalletter;要5.understandparagraphdevelopment.點(diǎn)教1.backgroundinformation:JeandeLaFontaineandFairy;學(xué)2.thePracticeofFulfillingObligations;重3.identifythemainideaofeachparagraph;4.analyzessomedifficultsentencesandsomelanguagepoints;5.grammar:subjunctivemood點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)1.vocabulary2.structure思考題或作業(yè)3.translation實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔教學(xué)內(nèi)容與組織安排1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)2ndperiodTextA(DetailedReading)3rdperiodGrammarReview4thperiodPracticalWriting5thperiodTextB6thperiodImproveYourReadingSkills1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)TellyourclassmateswhatyouwoulddointhefollowingsituationsandthenreadTextAtofindwhatanswerstheauthorgives.實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔2ndperiodTextA(DetailedReading)Questionsforunderstandingofdeatails1)WhatdoestheauthorthinkMaryshoulddo?MaryshouldsaywhatshethinksdirectlytoHarry.2)Whyshouldpeoplebehonestaccordingtotheauthor?Becausehonestymakesthingssimple./Becausehonestyistheeasiestsolution.3)Insteadofbeinghonestwhentheymakemistakeswhatdopeopledo?Peopletrytocreatestoriesandexcuses.4)Whatwillhappentoyouifyouarehonestwithpeople?Youwillbenefitintheend.5)Whatisstrangeabouttheauthor’sfriendwhocametoseehimrecently?Hewouldn’ttelltheauthorhewantedworkthoughhecouldn’tevenpayhisrent.6)Itisreallynotthatcomplicated…Whycomplicatelife?Byaskingforit.7)Howdoyoushowrespectbothtoothersandtoyourself?Behonestwithothers.SentenceAnalysis其實(shí)這事并不那么復(fù)雜……為什么要把生活復(fù)雜化呢？句中complicated是形容詞，complicate是動(dòng)詞。問(wèn)句是一句省略句，補(bǔ)充完整是：Whyshouldwecomplicatelife?Anotheralternative…“Harry,I’vebeenagonizingoverwhattosaytoyou.Ievenaskedmyfriendabouthowtotellyouthis—yousee,Ithinkyou’reaniceguybutIdon’twanttodateyou.”還有一種選擇……“哈里，我一直在發(fā)愁不知該怎么對(duì)你說(shuō)。我甚至問(wèn)過(guò)我的朋友該怎么把這話告訴你——你知道，我認(rèn)為你這人相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，但我不想和你約會(huì)?！盿notheralternative后面補(bǔ)充完整是：anotheralternativetowhatyousay。this的同位語(yǔ)是破折號(hào)后面的一句話。date是動(dòng)詞，意為“與…約會(huì)”。It’snotthathumanitywillloveyoumoreifyoudon’ttelllies,butthathonesty,withtact,istheeasiestsolution.這倒不是因?yàn)槿绻悴蝗鲋e，人們就會(huì)更愛(ài)你，而是因?yàn)檎\(chéng)實(shí)，再帶點(diǎn)技巧，是最容易的解決方法。It’snotthat…butthat…意思為“這并不是（因?yàn)椋牵ㄒ驗(yàn)椋薄oucouldgotogreatlengthstocreatestoriesandexcuses…你可以絞盡腦汁編造謊言和借口……在這里，createstories意為“編造謊言”，stories意為“謊言”。Itisnofuntellingyouthisbutyourproposalsarenowatthecitydump!告訴你這事件絕非趣事，但現(xiàn)在你的提案已在城市垃圾場(chǎng)里了!Isn’titstrange?Itreferstothestrangebehavioroftheauthor’sfriend.it指后面一句（Themanwouldn’teventellmethatheneededwork.Meanwhile,hecouldn’tpayhisrent.）的內(nèi)容。theyknowwhereyoustand:他們了解你的立場(chǎng)Ifiguredhewasonasocialvisit.我猜他就是來(lái)看看我。onasocialvisit意為“社交性訪問(wèn)”。實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔Hadhesaid,“IlostmyjobandIneedsomework,”Icouldhavehelpedhim.Isn’titstrange?Themanwouldn’teventellmethatheneededwork.Meanwhile,hecouldn’tpayhisrent.如果他說(shuō)：“我丟了工作，我需要工作，”我本可以幫他。這不奇怪嗎？他甚至不肯告訴我他需要工作，而那時(shí)他連房租都付不起。句中Hadhesaid等于Ifhehadsaid。Intheliterarystyle,thestructures“wereI/you/heetc.,shouldI/you/he/etc.andhadI/you/he/etc.”areusedinsteadof“ifI/you/he/etc.were,ifI/you/he/etc.shouldandifI/you/he/etc.had.”在較正式的文體里，wereI/you/heetc.,shouldI/you/he/etc.和hadI/you/he/etc.可以替代ifI/you/he/etc.were,ifI/you/he/etc.should和ifI/you/he/etc.had。e.g.Wereshemydaughter,IcouldsuggestseveralstepsIconsidergoodtotake.HadIrealizedwhatyouintended,Iwouldnothavewastedmytimetryingtoexplainmatterstoyou.Shouldyouchangeyourmind,letusknow.Whatdoyousay?=Doyoulikeit?Doyouagreetomysuggestion?你喜歡嗎？你同意我的建議嗎？Also,ifyoudon’tknowsomething,behonestaboutit.還有，如果某件事你不知道，就誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)不知道。also在這里是修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞，放在句首，后用逗號(hào)，表示增加一個(gè)相關(guān)事實(shí)。WordsandExpressionspayoff:(ofariskypolicy,courseofaction,etc.)bringgoodresult;provesuccessful,rewarding,orworthwhile;work（冒險(xiǎn)的政策、做法等）帶來(lái)好結(jié)果；取得成功；值得；行得通e.g.Herhardworkpaidoffwhenshegotabigraise.Theirmorecarefulmethodpaidoffintheend.takesb.out:takesb.somewhereforexerciseorrecreation帶某人出去消遣、娛樂(lè)e.g.Hermothertookheroutfortheday.Myboyfriendtookmeouttoafancyrestaurantforlunch.havesth./nothing/etc.incommon:havesome/no/erests,beliefs,etc.thatareequallyshared有一些/毫無(wú)共同之處；有一些/沒(méi)有共同的興趣、信念等e.g.Hehasnothingincommonwithhiswife;forexample,helikestostayathomeandshelikestogooutandenjoyherself.JaneandIhavemuchincommon.=IhavemuchincommonwithJmon:a.usualorfamiliar;happeningorfoundoftenandinmanyplaces;sharedby,belongingtoordonebytwoormorepeople普通的；通常的；公有的；共同（做）的e.g.CatsarecommonpetsinEngland.Itisquitecommonforhimtotalkinhissleep.agonise/agonize:vi.suffergreatanxietyorworryintensely極度憂慮（或擔(dān)心）e.g.Sheagonizedfordaysaboutwhethersheshouldtakethejob.實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔Splicated:adj.(ofamachine,thought,actionetc)verydifficulttounderstand復(fù)雜的e.g.TherulesareverycomplicatedandIdoubtifmanypeoplecanunderstandthem.Itallsoundsverycomplicated.alternative:n.choiceoftwoormorepossibilities;oneoftwoormorepossibilities兩者（或多者）擇一，取舍，抉擇；供選擇的東西e.g.Wehavetwoalternatives.Hisideaseemedtoofferapossiblealternativetosurgery.date:v.meetregularlywithsb.oftheoppositesex約會(huì)e.g.MaryisdatingMark.Idon’tliketheideaofmydaughterdatingwhenshe’ssoyoung.humanity:n.humanbeingscollectively;thehumanrace;people［總稱］人；人類；人們e.g.Thedeathsofsomanypeopleinthewarwasdescribedasacrimeagainsthumanity.Humanitywasthreatenedbyanotherworldwar.tact:n.skillatnotoffendingpeopleoratgaininggoodwillbysayingordoingtherightthing（處事、言談等的）圓通，乖巧，機(jī)敏；外交手腕e.g.Helpingpeoplewhohavemarriageproblemsrequiresagreatdealoftactandpatience.Iwishyou’dusedalittlemoretactwhenyoutoldherabouthercatdying.solution:n.answertoaproblem,question,difficulty,etc.（問(wèn)題、疑難等的）解答；答案；解決辦法e.g.Theyhaveworkedoutaquicksolutionfordealingwiththeproblem.Theywereseekingasolutiontothecity’strafficproblem.Let’ssay:let’ssuppose;forexample讓我們假定；比如說(shuō)e.g.Let’ssaythejourneytakesthreehours,thatmeansyou’llarriveat2o’clock.TakeanyChinesepoet,let’ssayLiBai,andstudythewayhedescribesemotions.insteadof:intheplaceof;insubstitutionfor;ratherthan代替；而不是e.g.Sincehe’sill,I’mgoinginsteadofhim.Insteadofstoppingwhenthepolicemanshouted,heranaway.gotogreatlengths(todosth.):(bepreparedto)doeverythingonecan(toachievesth.)（為達(dá)到目的）不遺余力，竭盡全力；不顧一切e.g.Hewenttogreatlengthstogetaphotoofthequeen.Nowtakegoodcareofthisbook;Iwenttogreatlengthstogetacopyforyou.length:n.measurementorextentfromendtoend長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)度e.g.Thetableisatleasttwelvefeetinlength.Hemeasuredthelengthandwidthofthetable.Thesefishcanreachalengthofovertwometres.createstories:編造謊言。stories意為“謊言”。e.g.Theboysayshelivesinabighousewithaswimmingpool,butIthinkhe’stellingstories.idiot/5IdI[t/:n.veryfoolishperson;fool白癡；傻瓜，笨蛋，糊涂蟲實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔e.g.Someidiotleftthetaprunninginthebathroomandthere’swatereverywhere.Youstupididiot—that’samonth’sworkyou’velost!fun:n.amusement,enjoyment;thatwhichcausesamusementormerriment娛樂(lè)，快樂(lè)；有趣的人（或物）e.g.Idon’tseeanyfunoflearningtoplaythepiano.OurEposal:n.actofsuggestingorputtingforward;thingthatissuggested提議；建議e.g.Thegovernmentbroughtforwardanewsetofproposalsonhumanrights.e.g.Iwelcometheproposalconcerningtheuseoftheland.dump:n.placewhererubbishmaybeunloadedandleft;rubbish-heap垃圾場(chǎng)；垃圾堆e.g.takewastetothedumptrashn.rubbish;garbage;thingsthatonethrowsaway廢物；垃圾admire:vt.regardwithrespect,warmapproval,delight,etc.欽佩；贊賞；羨慕e.g.Youhavetoadmiretheircourage.Icouldn’thelpbutadmirehisdetermination.whereyoustand:whatisyourattitude你的立場(chǎng)giveittosb.straight:tellsb.sth.(usu.sth.unpleasantorcritical)inacompletelyfrankway對(duì)某人直言不諱e.g.Togiveittoyoustraight,Idon’tthinkshe’stherightpersonforthejob.Igaveittohimstraight—Isaid“Look,I’vegotaboyfriendalreadyandI’mnotinterested,allright?!”hangaround:staynearinanidleway;remainidlinginaplace閑呆著；在某處閑蕩e.g.ThebuswaslatesoIhadtohangaroundthebusstationforawholehour.“Sowhatareyoudoinghere?”“Me,nothing—I’mjusthangingaround.”onasocialvisit:社交性的訪問(wèn)social:a.oforinsociety;ofordesignedforcompanionshipandrecreation社會(huì)的；社交的，交際的e.g.IhadsuchagoodsociallifewhenIwasatcollege.MostBritishschoolsorganizesocialeventsforthestudents.Isn’titstrange?Itreferstothestrangebehavioroftheauthor’sfriend.it指后面一句（Themanwouldn’teventellmethatheneededwork.Meanwhile,hecouldn’tpayhisrent.）的內(nèi)容。meanwhile/5mi:n(h)waIl/:hetimebetweentwoevents;atthesametime其間；與此同時(shí)e.g.Shehidunderthetable—meanwhile,thesoundofbootsonthestairswascomingnearer.ThepartyisonTuesday;meanwhileIhavetoshopandcook.rent/rent/:n.regularpaymentmadefortheuseofsth.,e.g.ahouse,land租金；房租；地租e.g.Howmuchdoyoupayinrenteverymonth?Hecouldn’taffordtherentbyhimself.實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔fellow:n.［infml］manorboy;chap［口］男人；男孩；小伙子；家伙hassle:vt.harass;annoy;bother（不斷）打擾；使煩惱；煩擾e.g.She’llhasslemeuntilIagreetowritetheletterforher.HehassledmesomuchthatIdecidednottoseehimforawhile.fascinating:a.havinggreatattractionorcharm有極大吸引力的；look/soundfascinatinge.g.Whatwasfascinatingtomewasthewaytheanimalmoves.charm:n.powerofpleasing,fascinatingorattractingpeople;attractiveness;pleasingorattractingfeatureorquality魅力；引人喜愛(ài)的特征；迷人的特征e.g.Hisnaturalcharmmadehimverypopular.awomanofgreatcharmTheideaofbeingafarmerhaslostitscharmformebythistime.charming:a.havingorshowingcharm;delightful迷人的；嫵媚的，可愛(ài)的；令人高興的e.g.Shelookedsmallandgentleandaltogethercharming.Theyhadacharminglittlecottagebytheriver.exasperating:a.extremelyannoying使人惱怒的；激怒人的e.g.exasperatingdelaysTimeaftertime,herefusedtohelp;it’ssoexasperating.inanutshell:(expresssth.)verysimply,directlyandinafewwordsonly簡(jiǎn)明扼要地（說(shuō)），概括地（說(shuō)）；簡(jiǎn)而言之e.g.“Ishecomingwithus?”“Inanutshell,no.”Well,toputitinanutshell,we’regoingtohavetostartagain.nut/nQt/:n.fruitconsistingofahardshellwithakernelinsideitthatcanbeeaten堅(jiān)果shell/Fel/:n.hardoutercoveringofeggs,ofnutkernels,ofsomeseedsandfruits,andofanimalssuchasoysters,snails,crabsandtortoises（蛋、堅(jiān)果、種子、果實(shí)以及牡蠣、蝸牛、蟹、龜?shù)鹊模﹏utshell/5nQtFel/:n.hardcoveringaroundthekernelofanut堅(jiān)果外殼tactful:a.havingorshowingtact圓通的，殼乖巧的，機(jī)敏的e.g.She’sverytactfulwhenshedealswithstudentsandtheirproblems.Itwouldbetactfulnottoaskheraboutherexam.tellitlikeitis:［sl,infml］behonest;tellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話；實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)colleague:n.personwithwhomoneworks,esp.inaprofessionorbusiness同事3rdperiodGrammarReview非真實(shí)性條件句(TheSubjunctiveMood)虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測(cè)、建議等。虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。在非真實(shí)性條件句中，假設(shè)的條件與事實(shí)相反，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性小很，或講話人主觀上對(duì)此表示懷疑，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔4thperiodPracticalWritingPersonalLetters(2)Thesedays,increasedaccesstothetelephoneande-mailhasresultedinpeoplewritingfewerletters,butpeoplestillenjoyreceivingandreadingletters.InformalStyleKnowledgeofappropriatestylesoflanguageisanimportantsocialskillandonethatteacherscanhelpstudentsdevelop.Ifyouarewritingaquicknotetoafriend,youdonotneedtoworrytoomuchaboutusingthecorrectformatortoincludeyouraddress.Givenbelow,however,isthelayoutforapersonal(love)letter.1735StantonAve.Richmond,VA22045May15,2004MyDearCheryl,Lovingyouissoeasy.TherearesomanyreasonswhyIloveyou…Thelittlethingsyoudo,thesimplegesturesyoumake,thefeelingsandthoughtsthatyousharewithme.Iadorethewayyoulook,thewayyoumove,andyourinfectioussmile.Therearesomanythingstoloveaboutyou!DoyouknowIloveitwhenyoudaydreamandyouthinknooneiswatching?DoyouknowIlovethewayyoureyessparklewhenyoutellafunnystory?DoyouknowthatIlovetheshapeofyourears?Icouldgoonandon.It’simportanttomethatyouknowthatIloveyou—andhowmuchIloveyou.Sowhateveritisthatyouaredoing,thinkingorsaying,asyougoaboutyourday—knowthatIamtherewithyou,lovingyou.MuchLove,Nathan實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔Friendlylettersdonothavetobeasformalorseriousasbusinessletters,sincenormallytheywillbewrittentopeopleyouknow.Itisstillagoodideatokeepyouraudienceinmind,however—don’tuseslangifyouarewritingtoyourprofessorsorbosses,ortoomanyformalexpressionsifyouarewritingtoaclosefriend.Forexample:DearFudge,Hey,howisitgoinginFlorida?Hopeyou’rehavinggreatweather.Youwouldn’tbelievethesnowywinterwe’vehad!Yuk!Imissgoingtotheparkintheafternoon.So,what’snewwithyou?Areyougoingtotryoutforanyspringsports?Whatnewgamesdidyougetforyourbirthday?Hopeyouenjoyedthegiftwesentyou.Can’twaituntilwecomedowntovisityouatspringbreak.Let’sgotoUniversalStudiosagain.Catchyoulater,ScooterDearUncleAdam,ThanksverymuchfortheCDvoucheryousentmeformybirthday.Iboughtthesoundtrackfrom“Titanic”withit,forIreallylovedthemovie.We’vegotaweek-longstudybreakinJune,andMumsaidImightgetmoreworkdoneifIcamedownandstayedwithyou.Shedoesn’twantallmymatestokeepringingmeupandaskingmeout.CouldIcomedownonSaturday(the8th)andstayfortheweek?Youdon’tneedtopickmeupfromthebusstation.I’llgetataxi.Ifthat’scoolwithyou,givemeabuzzthisweekendandI’lltellMumshecanrelax.Seeyousoon(Ihope).Luv,Teri5thperiodTextBQuestionsAboutParagraphs1)Whydidthewoodcutteralwayswhistlehappily?Becausehebelievedhecouldearnenoughtoraisehischildren.2)Howwasthewoodcutterworkingoneday?Hehadbeen/wasworkingveryhard.3)Whathappenedtotheaxewhenthemantrippedoveraroot?Theaxesliddownthebankandintotheriver.4)Whocametohelphim?Thewaterfairyoftheriver.5)Whatdidthewaterfairydoaftersheunderstoodhistrouble?Shesankintotherivertopickuphisaxeforhim.6)Whatdidthewoodcuttersaywhenhesawthesilverandgoldaxes?Hetoldthewaterfairytheaxeswerenothis.實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔7)Whatwasthewoodcutter’sreward?Hisoldaxeaswellasthesilverandgoldaxes.8)Whydidthewaterfairyrewardhim?Becausehetoldherthetruth.LanguagePointswoodman:n.personwholivesinthewoods,asahunter,woodcutter,etc.林區(qū)人；伐木人；樵夫retell:vt.tell(astory,etc.)again,inadifferentwayorinadifferentlanguage再講，重述；以不同方式（或語(yǔ)言）復(fù)述e.g.retellthetextGermanfairystoriesretoldinEnglishout:ad.“Out”isusedtoemphasizethedistancethatsomeoneorsomethingisfromatownorcity.out用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)離城鎮(zhèn)的地方。e.g.Idon’twanttoliveanyfurtherout.Shelivesoutinavillage,tenmilesaway.silent:a.makinglittleornosound寂靜的；無(wú)聲的e.g.thesilentdeserttheoldsilentmoviesparkle:vi.shinebrightlywithflashesoflight閃耀；閃爍e.g.Thesunlightsparkledonthesurfaceofthewater.Hereyessparkledasshelaughed.trudge:vi.walkslowlyorwithdifficultybecauseoneistired,etc.步履艱難地走；疲累（或費(fèi)力）地走e.g.trudgingslowlybacktotheofficeTogethomefromthestationwehadtotrudgeoneandahalfkilometersoverroughroads.whistle:v.吹口哨e.g.Hewaswhistlingafamiliartune.Icouldhearherwhistlingtoherselfinthekitchen.Hewhistledtohisdogtocomeback.aslongas:onconditionthat;providedthat只要，如果e.g.Aslongasshe’sincontroltherewillalwaysbeproblems.Wewereperfectlywarmaslongasthesunwasshining.IcancomeaslongasIcanleaveat4:30p.m.bread:在這里，bread不取本意，而是指一家人的生計(jì)。e.g.Heearnedhisbreadasatopbankerinthecity.Gardeningismybreadandbutteratthemoment.poem:n.pieceofcreativewritinginverse詩(shī)fable:n.shortstory,oftenwithanimalsascharacters,thatconveysamoral寓言woodcutter:n.personwhocutsdowntreesasanoccupation伐木人；樵夫Fontaine讓·德·拉封丹（1621—1695，法國(guó)寓言詩(shī)人。以《寓言詩(shī)》12卷聞名于世）實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔Aesop伊索（公元前6世紀(jì)古希臘寓言作家，善講寓言故事，經(jīng)后人匯編成現(xiàn)在流傳的《伊索寓言》）chip:n.thinpiececutorbrokenofffromwood,stone,glass,etc.（木、石、玻璃等上削或碰下的）屑皮；碎片實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔e.g.Woodchipsfleweverywhere.potatochipswoodchopper:n.personwhochopswood,esp.onewhofellstrees伐木者；砍柴人，樵夫ringing:Here“ringing”isusedtodescribethesoundofchopping.Theringingaxeactuallymeansthesoundoftheaxechopping.在本句中，ringingaxe指斧頭砍伐發(fā)出響聲。echo1.n.reflectionandrepetitionofasoundfromawallorinsideanenclosedspace回聲e.g.Thebatinstinctivelycomparesthesoundofitscrywiththesoundofthereturningecho.Theechoslowlydiedaway.2.vi.(ofsounds)berepeatedasanecho;(ofplaces)repeatasound（聲音）回響；（地方）發(fā)出回聲，產(chǎn)生回響e.g.Thesoundechoedthroughthetallemptyhouse.Theirvoicesechoedbackacrossthewater.youmighthavethought…人們會(huì)以為……Here“you”meanspeopleingeneral.在這里，you泛指“人們”。e.g.Youlearnfromexperience.Youmeetalotofpeoplethroughwork.dozen:n.setoftwelve（一）打，十二個(gè)e.g.I’llhaveadozeneggs.eggssoldbythedozenatwork:workingorengagedinwork在工作；在干活，在勞動(dòng)e.g.Shewasn’tatworktoday.She’shardatworkonanotherbook.byandby:beforelong;afterawhile不久；過(guò)一會(huì)兒e.g.He’snotreadyyet,butdon’tworry,he’llbeherebyandby.Byandbywearrivedatalargebuildingonacorner.awhile:ad.forashorttime一會(huì)兒；片刻e.g.Hewaitedawhile.I’dliketorestawhilebeforewecontinuewalking.tripover:catchone’sfooton(andfall)被…絆了一下；被…絆倒e.g.Shetrippedovertheedgeofthecarpet.Don’tleavetoysonstairswheresomeonecouldtripandfall.slide:(slid/slId/)v.(causesth.to)movesmoothlyalonganeven,polishedorslipperysurface（使某物）滑動(dòng)；（使）滑行e.g.Tearsslidslowlydownhispalecheeks.Thedrawersslideinandouteasily.Sheslidthekidintothecarseat.Workersslidboxesacrossthefloor.forest:n.largeareaoflandthicklycoveredwithtrees,bushes,etc.森林axe:n.toolwithahandleandaheavymetalbladeusedforchoppingwood,cuttingdowntrees,etc.斧；斧子gaze:vi.looklongandsteadilyorfixedly(atsb./sth.),usu.insurpriseor實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔admiration盯著看；凝視e.g.Shesatgazingoutofthewindow.Shegazedadmiringlyupathim.fairy:n.smallimaginarybeingwithmagicalpowers仙子；小精靈stream:n.smallriverorlargebrook小河；溪流surface:n.outsideofanobject;topofabodyofliquid表面；水面e.g.theglassysurfaceofthewaterTheringslowlysankbeneaththesurfaceoftheswimmingpool.Onthesurfacehiswordswerefunny,butIsensedalotofangerbehindthem.sorrow:n.feelingofsadnessordistresscausedesp.byloss,disappointmentorregret;grief;particularcauseforthisfeeling;misfortune悲傷，悲痛，悲哀，傷心；悲傷的原因；傷心事，不幸的事e.g.Ifeltnosorrowforher.hideone’ssorrowTohisgreatsorrowhecouldnotrememberhismother.hissorrowathavingtoleavetheschooltearsofsorrowatimeofsorrowatonce:withoutdelay;immediately立刻；馬上e.g.Grace,whosemindisalwaysfreefromcare,fellasleepatonce.Comehereatonce.sink:(sank,sunk)vi.godownunderthesurfaceofaliquidorsoftsubstance下沉；沉沒(méi)e.g.Wewatchedtheboatsinkbeneaththewaves.Ourfeetsankdeepintothesoftsandaswewalked.beneath:prep.inortoalowerpositionthan;under在…下方；在…下面；往…下方，往…下面e.g.thewetgrassbeneathherfeetShequicklyhidthebookbeneaththecushions.Beneaththatcalmappearanceofhersisalotofanger.reappear:vi.appearagain(afterbeingabsentornotvisible)再出現(xiàn)e.g.Thatcouplelefttheneighborhood,thenreappearedayearlater.Theproblemskeepreappearing.bemadeof:由…制成e.g.Theearringsaremadeofgold.steel:n.stronghardalloyofironandcarbon,muchusedformakingvehicles,tools,knives,machinery,etc.鋼shake:(shook/FJk/,shaken/5FeIk[n/)vt.cause(sb./sth.)tomovefromsidetosideorupanddown搖，搖動(dòng)shakeone’shead:turnone’sheadfromsidetosideasawayofindicating“no”,ortoexpressdoubt,sorrow,disapproval,etc.搖頭（表示否定、懷疑、悲傷、不贊成等）e.g.WhenIaskedmydadifIcouldborrowhiscar,hejustshookhishead.Joannashookherheadatherson’sbadbehaviour.silver:n.chemicalelement,ashinywhitepreciousmetalusedforornaments,實(shí)用文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔jewelry,coins,utensils,etc.銀，白銀missing:a.thatcannotbefoundorthatisnotinitsusualplace;lost找不到的；缺掉的，缺少的；失蹤的e.g.abookwithsomepagesmissingThreebuttonsweremissingfromhisshirt.Fourchildrenweremissingfromclasstoday.NotesontheTextOnceuponatime,outinthegreen,silentwoodsneararushingriverthatfoamedandsparkledasithurriedalong,therelivedapoorwoodcutterwhoworkedhardtomakealivingforhisfamily.從前，在遠(yuǎn)離城市的一座寂靜的綠色樹林里，在一條水流湍急、泛著白沫、閃著銀光的河邊，住著一位貧窮的樵夫，他為了全家人的生計(jì)而努力地工作著。Onceuponatime常用于童話開頭。out用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)離城鎮(zhèn)的地方。Healwayswhistledhappilyashewent,becausehewasthinkingthataslongashehadhishealthandhisaxe,hecouldearnenoughtobuyallthebreadhisfamilyneeded.他總是一邊走一邊開