什么是賓語(yǔ)從句？試比較：We

know

him．

We

know

helikesEnglish.主s主s謂v謂v賓o賓o賓語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)構(gòu)成主句的賓語(yǔ)

主s謂v賓o簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellme

whereshehasgone.Idon’tknowifhewillcometonight.Let’sfindoutwhat’sontonight.FindouttheObjectClauses（找出賓語(yǔ)從句）句子結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.that主句+引導(dǎo)詞

2.where等疑問(wèn)詞+從句

3.whether/if________________________

主句部分+

引導(dǎo)詞+從句部分學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句過(guò)好“四關(guān)”：第一關(guān):引導(dǎo)詞

that

if/whether（是否）

特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what..)從句是陳述句

(口語(yǔ)中常省略）從句是一般疑問(wèn)句從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：（看從句）注：that在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)

hewillbebackinanhour.2.Hesaid(that)

hemissedusverymuch.1.由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?(1)IsJimagoodstudent?

Idon’tknow．Idon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.２．當(dāng)一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，由________

連接．if/whethereg:注意：只能用whether不用if的三種情況一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：①與ornot連用：

Heaskedme

whetherornot

Iwascoming.②在介詞之后：

Itdepends

onwhether

itis

goingtorain.③在不定式之前：

Wehaven’tdecided

whetherto

gothere.3.由連接代詞Who,

whom,

whose,

which，what和連接副詞where,

how,

why,

when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.1.Doyouknowwhosebookitis?2.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhaveameeting.3.Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?4.Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。2.賓語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.heisinterestedinEnglish.shewillcometomorrow.TomhasbeentoLondontwice.當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。HewillgotoHongKong.Heissick.Heisreadingabook.Hehasfinishedhiswork.HesaidHehadfinishedhiswork.HewouldgotoHongKong.Hewassick.Hewasreadingabook.

當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.SummerisafterSpring.theearthmovesaroundthesun.

Hetoldme(that)Wekmew(that)Theteachertoldus(that)第二關(guān):賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。即：主句部分+引導(dǎo)詞+____+____+____謂語(yǔ)1.WheredidhemeetJim?IwanttoknowIwanttoknow_________________________2.Isthecatlikeatigerornot?SheaskedSheasked________________________ornot.?wherehemetJim.whetherthecatwaslikeatiger其他主語(yǔ)

Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderifheworkshard.

Whendidheleave？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：

如果當(dāng)一些固定句式或who等在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),語(yǔ)序本身就是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”,即從句部分順序不變.

Whatisthematterwith……..?Whatiswrongwith………?Whichisthewayto……..?Whatisinthebox?Whoisonduty?

注意事項(xiàng)eg:Idon'tknowwhoisonduty.

could/would是委婉語(yǔ)氣，而不是過(guò)去式，因此賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用不同時(shí)態(tài)。注意事項(xiàng)Couldyoutellmewherehelives?Couldyoutellmehowhe________(go)toschooleveryday?goes賓語(yǔ)從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞that+陳述句

if／whether+一般疑問(wèn)句

(陳述語(yǔ)序）

特殊疑問(wèn)詞+特殊疑問(wèn)句(陳述語(yǔ)序）時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都為陳述句語(yǔ)序客觀真理時(shí)態(tài)不變Findoutthemistakesandcorrect.1.Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?

2.SheknewthatDannyisastudent.3.Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn.

4.Doyouknowwhocaritis?

wasiswhose1.--Couldyoutellmehowlong__thebook?--Threedays.A.IcankeepB.CanIborrowC.IcanborrowD.CanIkeep2.Iwanttoknow___yesterday?A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelate.D.whyyoucomelate3.--Couldyoutellme__tomorrowmorning?--Well,itwillstartat9:00.A.whenthemeetingwillstartB.wherewillthemeetingstartC.wherethemeetingstart

D.whenwillthemeetingstartChoosetherightanswers4.Canyoutellme

?A.whatwillwedoB.wewilldowhatC.whatwewilldoD.willwedowhat

5.—Doyouknow___forShanghailastnight?---At9:00.whattimeheleavesWhattimedoesheleaveC.WhattimeheleftD.Whattimedidheleave3.瑪麗想知道你能否幫她？

Marywantstoknowifyoucanhelpher.2.你能告訴我你住哪里嗎？

Canyoutellmewhereyoulive?

1.我想知道你喜歡什么顏色

Iwanttoknowwhatcolouryoulike.

Translate4.Danny說(shuō)他明天出發(fā)去上海DannysaysthathewillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.5.我想湯姆已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了

Ithink

thatTomhasfinishedhishomework.(一)問(wèn)題當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“think,believe,guess”，主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(即：I、we)時(shí)，從句是否定概念時(shí),必須把否定前移.e.g：我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)了I__________________________________________第四關(guān)：幾個(gè)不可忽視的問(wèn)題don’tthinkthathewillcome.2.我們相信這鴨子不會(huì)走路.Wedidn’t____________theduck______________couldwalk.believethat其它問(wèn)題

didsheIdon’tthinkheisserious,_________?isheIbelievehecanfinishitontime,____________?can’the否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：

當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,guess,suppose等詞時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的否定應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。如：Idon’tthinkheisright.我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。附加疑問(wèn)句（反意疑問(wèn)句）：1.一般根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷：如：Shedidn’tsaythathewouldcomehere,________?2.當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)為I,we，主句動(dòng)詞為suppose,believe，think等，則根據(jù)從句判斷，但肯、否定形式根據(jù)主句判斷：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的確定：帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句。主句是陳述句:。HeaskedmewhereIwentjustnow.

問(wèn)句：？Doyouknowwhenhe’llbeback?

(二)由疑問(wèn)詞“when,who,what,how等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”的互相轉(zhuǎn)換.1.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonextIdon’tknow_______________next2.Wedidn’tknowwhetherwecouldgoornot.Wedidn’tknow________________ornot.3.Lucyhasn’tdecidedwhichcuptochoose

Lucyhasn’tdecided_________________choose.whattodo

whichcupshewillwhethertogo/can(三)如果從句中含有or或ornot時(shí)，只能用whether而不用if；(四)

賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)得看主句.即主句是疑問(wèn)句則用“?”,主句是陳述句則用“.”四、if,when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1.賓語(yǔ)從句:ifwhen

2.狀語(yǔ)從句:條件狀語(yǔ)從句if時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when

是否什么時(shí)候(即特殊疑問(wèn)詞)如果從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)主句而定當(dāng)……時(shí)時(shí)態(tài):