“

I

t

”用法及

其句

型和固

定搭

配專(zhuān)練"It"用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的要點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱門(mén)，所以應(yīng)賜予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法概括以下：一、It用作實(shí)詞表達(dá)以下觀點(diǎn):指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,that；代替前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的兒童或未知的人；指代未指明但講話兩方都知道的那件事；指代時(shí)間、天氣、天氣、距離等自然現(xiàn)象二、It用作形式主語(yǔ)代替作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真實(shí)作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。It作形式主語(yǔ)的常有句型：1.代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，其句型為(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此處adj.往常為描繪事件的形容詞：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此處adj.往常為描繪人的形容詞：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It代替作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常有句型It'snogood/usedoingIt's(well)worthdoingIt's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todoIt's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.It代替作主語(yǔ)的從句常有句型(1)Itis+noun+從句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.Itisadj.+clause例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,intend,plan,understand,know）

determine,例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat(should)(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主語(yǔ)的句型1.Ittakessb.todo(=sbtakestodo)某人用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo（不）像某人做某事的風(fēng)格例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3.It's(about/high)timethatshould/v-ed是該做某事的時(shí)候了例It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.It'sthex-thtime(that)havev-ed第幾次做某事了例It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeensincecontinuousv-ed(持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)某動(dòng)作已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不發(fā)生了例It's10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)before過(guò)(不)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間某動(dòng)作發(fā)生了例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、It作形式賓語(yǔ)用來(lái)代替作賓語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真實(shí)作賓語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。It作形式賓語(yǔ)的常有句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep)例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'lldothetaskonyourown.2.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep)例I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat(should)verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat(should)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+thatoweittosb.that把歸功于leaveittosbthat把留給某人去做takeitforgrantedthat想自然keepitinmindthat例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.It用在不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞后邊，特別是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞后，enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟it例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.

以后7.It

用在不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的介詞后邊，賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟

it

以后（exceptthat

例外）例

I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.五、重申句型Itis/was+被重申部分+that(who)重申句型用來(lái)重申謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被重申部分是人時(shí)也能夠用who。在使用重申句型時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：請(qǐng)注意重申句型的特別疑問(wèn)句例

Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity

？2.在重申原由狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只好重申由

because所指引的從句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.3.在重申notuntil例Itwasnotuntil

構(gòu)造時(shí)一定把not與until一同放到被重申的地點(diǎn)上shetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意重申句型與定語(yǔ)從句的差別例Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.(重申句型)Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定語(yǔ)從句)六、It常用的固定搭配makeit(1).在口語(yǔ)中間相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說(shuō)定、追上、實(shí)時(shí)抵達(dá)例It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.(2).在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于fixthedatefor,表示“商定好時(shí)間”例—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.asitis(1).相當(dāng)于infact,inreality表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)質(zhì)狀況是”例Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnextweek.(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“照原樣”例Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相當(dāng)于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表示“也就是說(shuō)，能夠說(shuō)，換句話說(shuō)”例Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.4.ifitweren'tfor/ifithadn'tbeenfor用來(lái)指引虛構(gòu)語(yǔ)氣，相當(dāng)于without,orbutfor,表示“假如不是，要不是”例Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.that'sit(1).相當(dāng)于That'sall.That'ssomuch.表示“至此為止，沒(méi)有其他了”例Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.(2).相當(dāng)于That'sright.表示“對(duì)啦”例—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”—That'sit.6.catchit在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表示“因做錯(cuò)事而挨罵，受責(zé)怪，受責(zé)備，受處罰”例We'llreallycatchitformourteacherifwe'relateforclassagain.haveit(1).相當(dāng)于say,insist表示“說(shuō)，主張，表示，硬說(shuō)”例Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.(2).相當(dāng)于gettoknowsomething,表示“認(rèn)識(shí)，知道，獲悉”例IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.8.havewhatittakes在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于bewellqualifiedfor,表示“擁有成功的條件”例Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.soitseems/appears.10.Keepatit!(Don'tgiveup!)相當(dāng)于goon,表示“持續(xù)做，不放棄”例Myteacheraskedmetokeepatit.11.Goit!(Goon!)拼死干,魯莽Nowyouhavedoneit!(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)Nowyou'llcatchit!(You'llbepunished.)14.Asithappened,在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it'sapitythat,表示“真不恰巧，真遺憾”例Asithappened,theywereout.15.Asitturnedout,在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表示“最后被證明是”例Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.16.Suchasitis(theyare)在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于althoughitmaynotbeworthmuch,表示“固然沒(méi)有多大價(jià)值”例Youcanborrowmyexamnotebook,suchasitis.17.Takeit/thingseasy.相當(dāng)于Don'tworryordon'thurry.用來(lái)勸辭他人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)憂，存住氣”例Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.18.Takeitfromme.在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于believemewhatIsay.表示“請(qǐng)相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)?！崩齓oucantakeitfrommethathewillmakeitthistime.19.Forwhatitisworth在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于althoughI'mnotsureit'sofvalue,表示“不論其價(jià)值怎樣”例HereisthearticleIpromiseyou,forwhatit'sworth.20.Worthit在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于useful,表示“有利處，值得做”例Don'thesitateaboutit!It'sworthit.21.Believeitornot.表示“信不信由你”例Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.”22.Takeitorleaveit.v.Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.23.Italldepends/thatalldependsithasn'tbeendecidedyet,“”—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.24.It'suptosb.it'sdecidedbysb.“—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?2.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)4.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it(91)Itwasnot_____shetookoffherglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,then(92)6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it(93)7.Itwasnotuntil1920______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(94)8.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)9.ItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so(97)10.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.D.them(98)11.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it(2000)12.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)D.one13