SectionⅡIntroduction&Reading—LanguagePoints一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對記得快·記得多Ⅰ.根底詞匯1.preservev．愛護(hù)；保存2.remainsn.遺跡；遺體3.listv.(按某次序)把……列表，列清單4.remendv.建議5.preciousadj.寶貴的；寶貴的；珍貴的6.requestn.懇求；要求Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.agreementn．協(xié)議→agreev．贊同；同意2.investv．→investmentn．→investorn．者3.existencen．存在→existv．存在；生存4.relationn．親屬；親戚→relationshipn．關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)→relatev．使……有聯(lián)系；表達(dá)→relatedadj.有關(guān)系的，相關(guān)的5.sharpenv．使變鋒利→sharpadj.鋒利的→sharplyadv.鋒利地；鋒利地6.evolutionn．進(jìn)化；演化→evolvev．開展；(使)進(jìn)化7.exposuren．暴露；顯露→exposev．暴露；(使)曝光；揭露→exposedadj.無遮擋???的；無愛護(hù)的8.contributev．促成→contributionn．奉獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)→contributorn．捐獻(xiàn)者；投稿人9.endangeredadj.瀕危的→endangerv．使患病損失，危及→dangern．危急→dangerousadj.危急的10.awarenessn．意識；熟悉；感悟力量→awareadj.知道的；意識到的11.proposev．建議；提議→proposaln．建議；提議12.assistancen．關(guān)心，救濟(jì)→assistv．幫助；關(guān)心→assistantn．助手13.estimatev．&n．估量；估算；估價→estimationn．評價；推斷v．愛護(hù)；保存[聯(lián)想]①reservevt.保存，預(yù)定②conservev．愛護(hù)；節(jié)約③deservev．應(yīng)受；值得④serven．供應(yīng)，端上(飯菜等)；為(顧客)效勞v．使變鋒利[聯(lián)想]盤點(diǎn)后綴-en結(jié)尾動詞①weaken減弱②widen加寬③deepen使加深④lengthen加長⑤strengthen使……變長，加強(qiáng)，穩(wěn)固v．建議[同義]propose,suggest,advisev．要求n．懇求；要求[聯(lián)想]①requirevt.要求，需要②demandvt.劇烈要求，需要n．協(xié)議[串記]Finallyweallagreedwithwhathesaidandreachedanagreement.v．[串記]TheAmerican-Chineseinvestorinvestedallhislifesavingsineducationthatneedsinvestment.n．存在[串記]Theislandexistedforcenturies;nooneknowswhenitcameintoexistence.n．暴露；顯露[串記]Neverexposethepainttothesunshine,orit'lleoffastheresultofexposure.v．促成[串記]Qiancontributedtoscienceandtechnologyandhe'llberememberedforhisgreatcontributions.n．關(guān)心，救濟(jì)[串記]Akind-heartedassistantgaveusmuchassistancewhenwewentshoppingyesterday.二、這樣記短語記堅(jiān)固定短語多積常用詞塊on就……達(dá)成全都2．takeplace發(fā)生3．evenso雖然如此4．a(chǎn)llovertheworld全世界5．indanger處于危急之中6．contributeto促成；導(dǎo)致7．ofvitalimportance至關(guān)重要8．a(chǎn)partfrom除……之外theageof1414歲以前2．livetotheageof50活到50歲3．a(chǎn)nimportanttouristattraction一個重要的旅游景點(diǎn)4．inthe1920s在20世紀(jì)20年月5．exposuretotheair暴露于空氣中6．causeseriousdamage造成嚴(yán)峻損害7．beremovedfromthelist從名單上除去8．raisepublicawareness增加公眾意識三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用hasnotonlygivenusimportantinformationaboutprehistoricAsiansocieties,butalsohasprovidedamazingevidenceabouttheprocessofevolution.它不僅為我們供應(yīng)了史前亞洲社會的重要信息，還為我們供應(yīng)了人類進(jìn)化歷程中驚人的證據(jù)。notonly...butalso...“不但……而且……，不僅……還……〞，在句中連接兩個并列的謂語，還可連接兩個并列的主語、賓語、表語、狀語等。Internetnotonlyexpandsourhorizons,butalsosavesustimeandenergy.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不僅開闊了我們的視野，而且也節(jié)約了我們的時間和精力。areasarealmostpletelycoveredinweeds,causingseriousdamage.一些地方雜草叢生，破壞不堪?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。Hestudiedhard,thusgettinghighgrades.他學(xué)習(xí)努力，因此得了高分。1．(教材P71)Itisfamousforitsuniqueclassicalgardensandtherearemorethanahundredpreservedancientbuildingsinthecity.這座城市以獨(dú)特的古典園林而著名，有一百多處受愛護(hù)的古代建筑。preservev.愛護(hù)；保存；維護(hù)n.[C]愛護(hù)區(qū)(1)preserve...from... 愛護(hù)……免受……(2)preservern. 愛護(hù)人，維護(hù)者preservationn．[U] 愛護(hù)，維護(hù)①Wehavetakeneffectivemeasurestopreserveournaturalresources.我們已實(shí)行有效措施愛護(hù)自然資源。②Weshouldpreservethechildrenfrombeinghurt.我們應(yīng)愛護(hù)這些孩子免受損害。③Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation(preserve)．這些畫保存得特別好。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“愛護(hù)/阻擋……免受……〞的短語薈萃：①stop/prevent/keepsb.from(doing)阻擋某人做②savesb.from...救助某人于……中③freesb.from...使某人免受……④defendsb.from...保衛(wèi)某人免受……⑤protectsb.from/against...愛護(hù)某人免受……2．(教材P72)Thesediscoveriesprovedtheexistenceofahumanspecieswholivedintheareabetween700,000and200,000yearsago.這些發(fā)覺證明：在七十萬到二十萬年前就有人類生活在該地區(qū)。existencen.存在；生存，生活(方式)(1)inexistence 現(xiàn)有的；現(xiàn)存的；存在的eintoexistence/being 產(chǎn)生；成立；開頭存在(2)existvi. 存在；生存existon＝liveon 靠……生活/生存existingadj. 現(xiàn)存的(置于名詞前)①Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.新音樂是從已有的素材中產(chǎn)生的。②Doyouknowwhenthiskindofrobotcameintoexistence?你知道這種機(jī)器人是什么時候問世的嗎？③Weshouldmakeabetteruseoftheexisting(exist)equipment.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)更好地利用現(xiàn)有設(shè)備。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也沒有進(jìn)行時；(2)thereexist(s)“某地存在/有〞是“therebe〞句型的變式。3．(教材P73)Pollutionfromnearbycementfactorieshasalsocontributedtotheproblem.四周水泥廠產(chǎn)生的污染對此也難辭其咎。contributev.促成；有助于；捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈；投稿(1)contributeto 有助于；促進(jìn)；對……有關(guān)心contribute...to... 把……奉獻(xiàn)給……；向……投稿(2)contributionn. 奉獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)，捐助；稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto 對……做出奉獻(xiàn)contributorn. 捐助者；投稿者①LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.(2017·江蘇高考)由于位于“一帶一路〞的交匯處，江蘇將為“一帶一路〞的建設(shè)做出更大的奉獻(xiàn)。②Theirinventionshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofelectricalengineering.他們的創(chuàng)造有助于電氣工程學(xué)的開展。③Eachworkercontributed100dollarstotheRedCross.每個工人都向紅十字會捐獻(xiàn)了一百美元。④Somecontemporaryadvertisementsmainlyaimtomakecontributions(contribute)tosociety.一些當(dāng)代廣告的主要目的是為社會做奉獻(xiàn)。[語境串記]ManypeoplecontributedmoneytoProjectHope,whichcontributedtomanychildren'sreturningtoteacherwroteanarticleaboutthisandcontributedittoanewspaper.很多人給希望工程捐錢，使很多孩子可以重返校內(nèi)。一位老師據(jù)此寫了一篇文章并向報社投了稿。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]contributeto中的to為介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。類似的短語還有：①devote...to... 把……奉獻(xiàn)到……上，致力于②getusedto 習(xí)慣于……③leadto 導(dǎo)致④seeto 負(fù)責(zé)，照料⑤objectto 反對⑥lookforwardto 期望，希望4．(教材P73)Theyhaveremendedthatthesitebeclosedandrepaired.該組織已經(jīng)提議關(guān)閉這個遺址并進(jìn)行修復(fù)。remend(1)vt.建議remend(doing)sth. 建議(做)某事remenddosth. 建議某人做某事remendthat...(should)do 建議……①IfyougotoBeijing,IremendvisitingtheSummerPalace假如你去北京，我建議首先參觀頤和園。②Iremendyoutodo(do)whathesays.我勸你照他說的去做。③Itisremendedthatyou(should)consult(consult)yourdoctor.建議你去詢問醫(yī)生。(2)vt.推舉；介紹remendsb.介紹某人/某物remend...推舉某人當(dāng)……④Canyouremendmesomenewbooksonthissubject?你能推舉一些有關(guān)這個學(xué)科的新書給我嗎？⑤IcanremendMissGreenasagoodtypist.我可以推舉格林小姐做一名優(yōu)秀的打字員。5．(教材P73)AprofessorattheAcademyhasproposedthatafundbeestablishedtoraisemoney.中科院的一位教授提議設(shè)立基金會來募集資金。proposev.建議；提議(1)proposedoingsth. 建議做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(proposethat...建議……,,It'sproposedthat...,有人提議建議……)) eq\a\vs4\al(that從句用虛擬,語氣，從句中謂語,動詞用should＋,do形式)(2)proposaln. 建議，提議putforwardaproposal 提出一項(xiàng)建議proposalthat...(should)do... 建議……①Weproposetofurnishourownhouseaccordingtoourowntaste.我們建議按自己的愛好布置自己的房子。②Heproposedthatyou(should)travel(travel)byplane.他建議你乘飛機(jī)旅行。③Weareallforyourproposalthatdiscussion(should)be(be)putoff.我們都支持你推遲爭論的建議。6．(教材P74)arequestforhelpfromordinarypeople來自老百姓求助的懇求request(1)n.(正式或禮貌的)要求，懇求eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(atone'srequest,attherequestofsb.)) 應(yīng)某人之懇求/要求makearequest/requestsforsth. 懇求/要求某物byrequest(ofsb.) 按(某人的)要求onrequest 一經(jīng)要求，應(yīng)要求①Allofusmadearequestthattheproblemshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.我們都要求這個問題在會上爭論。②Thelibrarywilllendyouthisbookonrequest.只要你提出要求，圖書館就會借給你這本書。③IcametotheofficeattherequestofMrSmith.我應(yīng)史密斯先生的要求來到了辦公室。(2)vt.(正式或禮貌地)要求，懇求requestsb. 向某人懇求某物requestdosth. 懇求某人做某事requestthatsb.(should)dosth. 懇求某人做某事It'srequestedthat...(should)do 據(jù)要求……④Detailsarerequestedfrom/ofnewmembersontheapplicationform.新成員要求在申請表上填寫各種細(xì)節(jié)信息。⑤Youarerequestedtomake(make)aspeechatnextmeeting.請您在下次會議上作個發(fā)言。⑥Itisrequestedthatallmembers(should)be(be)presentattheparty.全體會員都被要求出席這次晚會。7．(教材P74)Apartfromprovidingwarmth,whatwasfireusedfor?除了供應(yīng)暖和，火還被用來做什么？apartfrom(1)除了……之外(都)(除去的局部不包含在整體之內(nèi)，相當(dāng)于except,exceptfor)①Thecityhaseverythingonecouldwishfor,apartfromgoodweather.除了好天氣外，這個城市擁有人們所希望得到的一切。②Theroomwasemptyapartfromonemanseatedbesidethefire.除了有個男人坐在火爐邊，房間里空蕩蕩的。(2)除了……(還)，此外(除去的局部包含在整體之內(nèi)，相當(dāng)于besides,inadditionto)③Apartfrom/Besides/Inadditiontocoal,themostimportantnaturalfuelaregasandoil.除了煤，最重要的自然?燃料是煤氣和石油。[辨析比擬]apartfrom,except,exceptfor,besidesapartfrom具有多重意義，既可代替besides,也可代替except或exceptforexcept“除了……之外〞，表示在整體中減去一局部，除去的局部不包括在整體之內(nèi)，此意也可用“except＋that從句〞表示exceptfor“除了……之外〞，用于引出細(xì)節(jié)以修正和補(bǔ)充句子的主要意思，它的賓語與前述對象不是同一范疇概念的詞besides“除了……之外(還有)〞，即把除去的局部也包括在整體之內(nèi)選用上述詞語填空④Iknownothingabouthimapartfrom/exceptthefactthatheisanAmerican.⑤Thispositionwaswellwritten,exceptforsomespellingmistakes.⑥Thegirlisverypretty,exceptthatthereisascaronherforehead.⑦Besides/ApartfromEnglish,whatotherlanguagescanyouspeak?IthasnotonlygivenusimportantinformationaboutprehistoricAsiansocieties,butalsohasprovidedamazingevidenceabouttheprocessofevolution.它不僅為我們供應(yīng)了史前亞洲社會的重要信息，還為我們供應(yīng)了人類進(jìn)化歷程的驚人證據(jù)。(1)句中notonly...butalso...“不但……而且……；不僅……還……〞在句中連接兩個并列的謂語，還可連接兩個并列的主語、賓語、表語、狀語等。①Heplaysnotonlythepianobutalsotheviolin.他不僅彈鋼琴而且還拉小提琴。②TheyspeakEnglishnotonlyinclassbutalsoafterclass.他們不僅在課堂上說英語，在課下也說英語。(2)notonly...butalso...連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要依據(jù)“就近原那么〞來確定。③Notonlyhebutalsohisparentsare(be)goingtoattendtheparty.不僅他而且他的父母將去參與宴會。(3)notonly放在句首時，其所在分句要用局部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。④NotonlycanhespeakEnglishbutalsoFrench.他不僅能說英語而且能說法語。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Yoursuggestionhasgreatlycontributedtotheacplishmentofourwork.2．Apartfromaposition,Ialsofinishedmyphysicshomework.3．Weshouldpreserveourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted(pollute).4．Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameintoexistence.5．It'sremendedthatthework(should)be(be)doneatonce.6．Theyproposedbuilding/tobuild(build)abridgeacrossthisriver.7．TheystayedinShanghaiforawhileattherequestoftheirfriends.8．NotonlyyoubutalsoIam(be)ateacher.Ⅱ.完成句子1．(2017·天津高考書面表達(dá))Apartfrommyacademicstudies,IalwaysmanagetofindtimeforwhatI'minterestedin.除了我的課程學(xué)習(xí)之外，我總是設(shè)法找時間來做我感愛好的事情。2．Iremendthebooktoallmystudents.我向我全部的同學(xué)推舉這本書。3．Howdoyouproposegoingtowork?你準(zhǔn)備怎么去上班？4．TheseprogrammesareofgreathelptolearnersofEnglish.這些節(jié)目對英語學(xué)習(xí)者很有關(guān)心。5．Hehasmakegreatcontributionstothespacedevelopmentprogram.他對太空開展方案有很大的奉獻(xiàn)。6．Leavemeoutofthisquarrelplease;Idon'twanttogetinvolved.請別把我拉入這場爭吵中——我可不想牽連進(jìn)去。7．Notonlyissheprettybutalsokind-hearted.她不僅美麗，而且心地和善。8．Whathesaidishardtounderstand.他說的很難讓人明白。一、全練語言點(diǎn)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Theywanttomakeacontribution(奉獻(xiàn))totheircountry,theirnation,theircity.2．It'sremended/proposed(建議)thatyoushouldconsultyourdoctor.3．Thecampaignaimstoraisepublicawareness(意識)aboutthedangersofpassivesmoking.4．Accordingtothearchaeologist,everythinginexistence(存在)isreasonable.5．Imadearequest(懇求)fortheinformationofthecurrentsituation.6．Exposure(暴露)ofthebodytostrongsunlightcanbeharmful.7．Mytimeisprecious(寶貴的),andIcanonlyspareyouafewminutes.8．Basedontheagreement(協(xié)議),allpaymentsshallbemadebytheendofthemonth.9．Inspiteofcries,noonecametohisassistance(關(guān)心)．10．Thisislandismaintainedasareserveforendangered(瀕危的)species.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Ourfewmeasurescontributedtopreserveanimalswithouteffect.preserve→preserving2．Hemadeaproposalthatwewillraiseallthepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.去掉will或will→should3．Theboywasrequestedtogoingboatingwithhisschoolmates.going→go4．AsfarasI'mconcerned,youradviceisofgreatusefultomystudy.useful→use5．Heremendedmyhandinmyhomeworktomorrowmorning.hand→handing6．Weshouldtryourbesttopreservetheendangeredspeciesextinction.extinction前加from7．Idon'tthinkthethreesidescanarriveanagreementinsuchashorttime.arrive后加at8．Notonlyhisclassmatesbutalsohisteacherthinkhighlyofhim.think→thinksⅢ.選詞填空apartfrom，ofvitalimportance，contributeto，ifnot，indanger，belistedas，getinvolved，causedamagetosymbolismofeverygesturewillbeofvitalimportanceduringtheshortstatevisit.2．Thepipelineaccidentcancausedamagetothepeopleandequipmentaround.3．Hegotinvolvedinaheatedargument.4．IftheyarrivebeforeIleave,wellandgood.Ifnot,theresponsibilitywillbemine.5．Allofuswillstrugglefairlyhardtosurviveifweareindanger.6．Apartfromsomespellingmistakes,thepositionisfairlygood.7．Naturaldisastershaveobviouslycontributedtothecontinent'seconomiccrisis.8．Herdeathwouldbelistedasanaccident.Ⅳ.課文語法填空Zhoukoudianis1.asmallvillageabout50kilometressouth-westofBeijing.Prehistorichumanboneswerefoundthere2.whichchangedChina'sknowledgeofitshistory.Zhoukoudian3.waslisted(list)asaworldheritagesiteinDecember1987.Ithasprovidedamazingevidenceabouttheprocessofevolution.Today,however,Zhoukoudianis4.inseriousdanger.Partsofthecavehavebeenbadlyaffectedbyrainand5.exposure(expose)totheair.Someareasarealmost6pletely(plete)coveredinweeds,7.causing(cause)seriousdamage.Pollutionfromnearbycementfactorieshasalsocontributed8.totheproblem.UNESCOhasremendedthatthesite9.(should)beclosed(close)andrepaired.Ifnothingisdonetorepairit,itcouldberemovedfromthelist.So,notonlythegovernmentbutalsotheordinarypeopleshouldtrytheirbest10.toraise(raise)moneytosaveit.Ⅴ.串點(diǎn)成篇微表達(dá)文化遺產(chǎn)是文化與歷史的象征。它們是我們?nèi)祟惖膶氋F(precious)遺產(chǎn)，而且愛護(hù)(preserve)文化遺產(chǎn)是至關(guān)重要(ofvitalimportance)的。然而一些人對此毫無作為(contribute...to...)甚至危害我們的文化遺產(chǎn)。當(dāng)我旅行的時候，我見到一些歷史遺跡(remains)岌岌可危，這讓我感到特別驚訝。因此，我提議(propose)我們每一個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)參與其中，為愛護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)做些什么。除此之外(apartfrom)，政府也應(yīng)當(dāng)撥發(fā)一些資金來對它們進(jìn)行維護(hù)(maintain)。Culturalrelicsareasymbolofcultureandhistory.Theyarepreciousheritageforusmankindanditisofvitalimportancetopreservethem.However,somepeoplecontributenothingtoprotectingthem,evencausedamagetotherelics.WhenIwastravelling,Icouldseesomehistoricremainswereindanger,whichcameasagreatshocktome.SoIproposethateveryoneofus(should)getinvolvedanddosomethingfortheprotectionofculturalrelics.Apartfromit,thegovernmentshouldallocatesomefundsformaintainingthem.二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Summerwassupposedtobefreeofworriesforahighschoolgraduatelikeme.Nostudying,no1.Ievenhadagood2，soIcouldgooffwithsomemoneyinmypocket.Butoneafternoon3crowdedin:I'dneverbeenonmyownbefore.HowwouldI4itoutthereinthebig,scaryworld?“Seeyoutomorrow，〞Isaidtomyboss.Mom'scar5intheburningsun.Igot6thewheelandheadedhome.Then7Iopenedmyeyesina8room.Momwasthere.Itriedtositup,butIcouldn'tmove.Momandthepoliceofficers9toldmethetruth:The10wasallmyfault.I'dmadethe11mistakeofmylife.WitnesseshadseenmemakealeftturnonRoute37—rightintothepathofawhitetruckgoing60milesperhour.Iwasknockedunconscious.12，thedriverofthetruckwasn'thurt.AboutaweekafterIleftthehospital,apoliceofficercametothehouse,13meacourtdate.MomandIwenttoseehercar.Itwaspletely14.Ontheseatwesawabandana(手帕)inblood.“Thatmust15themanwhohelpedyou，〞saidMom.“Weshouldwashthisandreturnittohim，〞saidMom.Findingtheman16outtobeeasyenough.ingface-to-facewithsomeonewhohadbeensokindtomeonly17myguilt.Iheldbacktears.Istillhadalotof18.Thejudgeaskedmetoattendamunityclassonroadsafety.BythetimeIleftfor19Iwasreadyforthebigworldoutthere.IknewI'dbeokay,20Iwouldbemorecareful.語篇解讀：高中畢業(yè)即將上高校的作者，對外面的世界布滿了疑問。但是還沒等出門就患病車禍。作者認(rèn)為，盡管車禍可怕，但是給了自己一個教訓(xùn)：一切都要當(dāng)心謹(jǐn)慎。這也為作者即將到來的高校生活積累了閱歷。1． B．houseworkC．performance D．practice解析：選A高中畢業(yè)的那個暑假是輕松的，由于不用上學(xué)，沒有“作業(yè)〞。2． B．friendC．job D．opportunity解析：選C有了“工作〞，這樣口袋里就能備些錢了。3． B．doubtsC．regrets D．notes解析：選B依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知，作者對自己能否適應(yīng)外面的世界有了些疑問。4． B．takeC．help D．live解析：選A作者懷疑，自己始終待在家鄉(xiāng)沒有出過門，現(xiàn)在要上高校了，怎樣才能“勝利地〞適應(yīng)外面這個可怕的世界。makeit意為“勝利地做成某事〞。5． B．rolledC．shone D．sat解析：選C依據(jù)下文作者開車可知，下班辭別老板之后，作者來到車旁預(yù)備開車回家。媽媽的車在陽光下“閃閃發(fā)光〞。6． B．throughC．off D．behind解析：選Dgetbehindthewheel為固定用法，意為“駕駛〞。