AncientChineseArchitectureABriefIntroductiontoAncientChineseArchitecture2.TypesofAncientChineseArchitecture3.CulturalConnotationsofAncientChineseArchitectureAncientChineseArchitecturesevenmainindependentancientarchitecturalsystemsAncientEgypty

WestAsiaAncientIndiaAncientAmericaEuropeMuslimChinaworld'sthreemajorarchitecturalsystems

—FrankLloydWright—TedBensonshelteredintreesandnaturalcavesPaleolithicAgeNeolithicAge

diggingcaves;simplehouseswithwood,stone,mudandgrassQinDynastyEPangPalacetheEmperorQinShihuang'sMausoleumtheGreatWalltheDujiangyan

Water-ConservancyProject2.TypesofAncientChineseArchitecturePalaceArchitectureGardenArchitectureTempleArchitectureTombArchitectureCivilianResidentialHousingClassificationbyfunctionPalaceArchitecturePalacearchitectureisalsocalledimperialcourtarchitecture.Usuallybuiltongrandscale,theimperialpalacesarecloselyrelatedtoimperialsovereigntyandwerealsoconstructedfortheentertainmentofrulers.ArchitecturalFeaturesofPalaceArchitecture:--Theancientpalaceswerestrictlylaidoutoncentralaxis.--Yellowrooftileswereused.--Thewoodencolumnsofthebuildings,aswellasthesurfaceofthewalls,tendtoberedincolor.--TheChinesedragonwasheavilyusedonImperialarchitecture.GardenArchitecture

Chinesegardenarchitectureincludesbothgrandimperialgardensanddelicateprivateones.Theyareallfinecombinationsofnaturalbeautyandman-madescenery.Therunningwater,hillsandstonescreateanartisticenvironmentwithexquisitelayoutsofflowers,trees,gardens,bridges,andinscribedboardsandscrollshungonhallpillars.TempleArchitectureTaoism/Confucianism/Buddhism/IslamTaoistTempleConfucianTempleBuddhistTempleIslamicTemple

AChineseTaoisttemple,generallycalledGong（宮）,Guan（觀）

orMiao（廟）

inChinese,istheholyhallwhereTaoistsperformtheirreligiousceremonies.Taoisttemple

TempleArchitecture:ConfucianTempleConfuciantemplesarecalledMiao（廟）

orTan（壇）

inChinese.TempleArchitecture:ConfucianTempleTempleofHeavenBuddhistTemple

Buddhisttemples

includeatemple,pagodaandgrotto,whicharecalledSi（寺）,Ta（塔）,andShiku

（石窟）

inChineserespectively.TempleArchitecture:WhiteHorseTemple

MogaoGrottoesLongmenGrottoesYungangGrottoesIslamicTemple

TempleArchitecture:

AnIslamictempleisreferredtoasaMosque（清真寺）.TombArchitecturePeopleofallsocialclasseshadtheirtombscarefullybuilt.Overthecenturies,thecraftoftombconstructiongraduallymergedwithartslikepainting,calligraphyandsculpture.Iteventuallybecameitsownartform.TheMingTombs

CivilianresidentialhousingreferstothehouseofthecommonpeopleindifferentpartsofChina.CivilianResidentialHousing/FolkHousesEnjoythefollowingpicturesandfindoutwhattheyhaveincommon.Sanheyuan:threebuildingsandawallenclosingacourtyard.Siheyuan:fourbuildingsenclosingacourtyard.CourtyardHouse（院落式民居）HouseF

CourtyardHouse（院落式民居）

Acourtyardhouseisatypeofhousewhereseveralbuildingsaredisposedaroundacentralcourtyard.e.g.

Siheyuan

Asiheyuan,orquadrangle,orcourtyardhouseisahistoricaltypeofresidencethatwascommonlyfoundthroughoutChina,mostfamouslyinBeijing.Thenameliterallymeansacourtyardsurroundedbyfourbuildings.Whydoyouthinktherearenowindowsontheoutsidewalls?Thewallsaroundthehousenotonlygiveprivacyandsomeprotectionfromburglars.Insidethewalls,oneisinaprotectedenvironment,wherewomen,forinstance,canmoveaboutfreely,withoutworriesaboutbeingobservedbystrangers.Formen,theouterworldcanbeaburden,makingthespacewithinthewallssomethingofasanctuary.Doyouknowwhythesehousesusuallyfacesouth?

--Thesehousesusuallyfacesouthinordertogetmoresunlightduringwinter.--Peoplebelievethatfacingsouthwillbringgoodfeng

shui.Beijingsiheyuan

Accordingtotheowner’sstatusandtheconditionofthebuildingbase,thequadranglescanbedividedintodifferentstyles:single-yardsiheyuan,two-yardsiheyuan,three-yardsiheyuan,four-yardsiheyuan,andfive-yardsiheyuan.

Actasatourguideshowingthetouristsaroundthethree-yardsiheyuan.Trytomakeyouintroductionmoresituationalandattractivebyusingtheproperbodylanguage.Payattentiontothefluencyandcoherenceofyourclasspresentation.Role-playing：penthouse(耳房)back-sidehouse(后罩房)backgate（后門）backyard(后院)frontcourtyard(前院)Enjoythefollowingpicturesandfindoutwhattheyhaveincommon.StiltHouse（干欄式民居）HouseA

StiltHouse/PileDwelling（干欄式民居）

Stilthousesorpiledwellingsarehousesraisedonpilesoverthesurfaceofthesoilorabodyofwater.1.Doyouknowanythingabouttheclimateoftheseareas?--Theclimateishumidandrainy.2.

Canyouexplaintherelationshipbetweentheclimateandthewaypeoplebuildtheirhouses?--Thehousesarebuiltinthiswayinordertoavoidfloodingandinsects.3.Howcouldyoudescribetheroofandwhatadvantagesarethereforthiskindofroof?--Theroofislargeandsteep.Itprovideseasydrainageandprotectionfromthesun.CaveDwelling（窯洞式民居）HouseD

cliffsidecavessunkencourtyard-stylecaves1.Whypeopleliveincavesinsteadofhouses?--Wherethereisalackofwoodandmuchpoverty,peoplecannotaffordhouses.2.Whataretheadvantagesoflivinginthecaves?--Theconstructionofcavehomesrequireslowtechnology.Thesedwellingswiththickwallandhighraisedceilings,arewarminwinterandcoolinsummer.--Constructedwithsimpleandeconomicalmaterials,thedwellingsarefullofasenseofintimacyand

harmonybetweenmanandnature.3.Whatarethedisadvantagesoflivinginthecaves?--Cavehumidityishigh;Lightingisinadequate;Ventilationispoor;Waterseepage.Cavesdwellingsareoftenassociatedwithpoverty.Drainagemustbeaddressedinasunkencourtyard,unlikecourtyardsforcliffsidehomes.EarthenBuilding

(土樓)HouseE

EarthenBuilding

(土樓)

Atulou,or"earthenbuilding",isatraditionalcommunalresidencebuiltbyHakka.Doyouknowwhyhighwallsandsmallwindowsarebuilt?--Itistoprotectthepeopleagainstenemies.Yurt（蒙古包）HouseB

1.Advantage?--Peopleneedtosetupanddismantletheirhousesfromtimetotime.Becausetheyneedtomovefromplacetoplaceinsearchofnewgrassland.Sotheyurtisportableandsuitablefornomadiclife.2.Whereisthekitchen?Canyougetacluefromthepicturetosupportyouranswer?--Thekitchenisinsidethetent.Thechimneyistheclue.3.Whatisthepurposeoflettingtheroundholeontheroofopenatdaytimeandclosedatnight?--Itisletopenduringthedayforventilationandclosedatnighttokeepthetentwarm.4.Whyisleatherusedtobuildthetent?--Thereisalackofbuildingmaterialsinthegrassland.Leatheristhemosteasilyavailableandmostsuitablefortheconditions.Flat-roofHouse（碉房）

ThesehousesarefoundmainlyinTibet,XinjiangandYunnan.Theyareusuallythreetofourstoreystall,eachoccupiedbyonesinglehousehold.Theexternalwallsaremadeofstoneandareflatandsquare.Theroofsareflat.Thehousesblendinwiththecontoursofthemountain.Inatypicalfour-storeyhouse,theloweststoreyisforkeepinglivestock;thesecondstoreyiswherepeoplecookandstorefoodandhay,thethirdstoreyconsistsofalivingroom,bedroomandministoreroom,andthetopstoreyservesasadryingdeckandworshiphallwhichisbeautifullydecorated.HouseE

1.Whatis/arethepurpose(s)offlatroofs?--Toreceivemoresunlight;--Toprovidespacefordryingfood2.Whyaremulti-storeyhousesbuiltintheseareas?--Thereisverylittleflatland,sopeoplebuildmulti-storeyhousestocreatemorelivingspace.3.Whichpartofthehouseisthemostimportant?--Theworshiphall.4.WhyisitsoimportanttotheTibetans?--TheyaredevoutBuddhists.3.CulturalConnotationsofAncientChineseArchitectureArchitectureisthecarrierofcultureMemorialArch(Paifang)FengshuiTheNumber"Nine"3.1MemorialArch(Paifang)CommondesignsonPaifangWhatisPaifang?TypesofPaifang

Paifang,orarchinEnglish,isanarchwayusuallymadeoffinewoodorstone,andpaintedorornamentedwithglazedtilesbuiltmainlytocommemoratethegreatachievementsorloftinessofafamily'sancestors.WhatisPaifang?dragons/phoenixbatdeerCommondesignsonPaifangtheemperor/theempress'fu'(blessing)'lu'(wealth)"acarpswimmingacrosswaves"academicsuccessintheimperialexaminationTypesofPaifang‘Filialpiety’Paifang'Loyalty'PaifangThe'Chastity'arch……mirrorsfeudalethicsandtraditionalnormsinancientChina

WhatisFengshui?UseofFengshui:Principlesoffengshui:3.2FengshuiWhatisfengshui?

AtraditionalChinesemethodofarrangingthehumanandsocialworldinauspiciousalignmentwiththeforcesofthecosmos,includingQiandYin-Yang.UseofFengshui:--Fengshuigivespeoplemanysuggestionsonhowandwheretobuildhouses.--Fengshuihasstrictrequirementsontheproperpositioningofthecentralaxisinbuildingcities.PrinciplesofFengshui:-QiTheQiisthevitalenergywhichformstheessenceofallmaterials.ItisthefundamentalelementwhichproducesthedynamicinteractionbetweenYinandYangandthefiveelements.--Thebala