雅思系統(tǒng)思考大總結(jié)寫作為什么難的原因？語言問題論證問題思路問題核心段刻意練習(xí)詞匯：adv／adj＋v＋n短語：be

beneficial

to，in

terms

of，

regardless

of句型：所講句型至少10句1，詞匯（40）＋句型（10）＝50（前漢語，后英文在筆記本上）2，核心段刻意練習(xí)：a,先寫中文，b，仿寫我提供范文核心段落（四大題目類型）思路問題文化金錢生理心理時間空間競爭權(quán)利智利道德作文題型1，觀點(diǎn)（a，利大于弊 b，積極還是消極

c，同不同意）2，討論

discuss

（some

people－ but

others－）3，解釋（why＋solutions／effects／difficulties）4，混合（how／what／why＋利大于弊／積極或者消極）地圖題模版地圖題描述的是一個地方（多為一個城鎮(zhèn)、村莊或?qū)W校）在一段時間內(nèi)的發(fā)展變化。一、地圖題的模版要點(diǎn)：1.時態(tài)(視圖情況而定)2.細(xì)節(jié)變化(需要提及每一個細(xì)節(jié))3.語態(tài)（適當(dāng)使用些被動語態(tài)）4.書寫順序（時間順序與空間順序）5.無需總結(jié)1.時態(tài)如果兩副地圖都是反映一個地方在過去的一段時間的變化，則描述兩副圖的段落都用一般過去時。如果兩副地圖中的第1副地圖反映的是一個地方過去的情況，而第2副地圖反映的是今天的情況，則描述第1副圖用一般過去式，描述第二副地圖可用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：停車場已經(jīng)被改成了一個劇院。The

car

park

hasbeen

removedand

replaced

by

a

theatre.如果兩副地圖中第1副反映今天的情況，而第2副地圖反映將來的情況，則描述第1副圖用一般時態(tài)，而描述第2副圖用一般將來時或表“估計”的詞匯，比如：The

number

of

homes

in

Town

A

is

likely

to(或

is

predicted或isestimated或isprojected或is

expected或is

set

to)todoublefrom

1937

to2020.=It

is

likely/expected/

estimated

that

the

number

of

homesin

Town

A

willdouble

from

1937

to

2020.城鎮(zhèn)A的家庭數(shù)量從1937年到2020年將翻一番。=

The

number

of

homes

in

Town

A

will

double

from

1937

to

2020,

aspredicted(=expected=anticipated).細(xì)節(jié)變化：地圖每個細(xì)節(jié)變化都要提到，不要忽視一個細(xì)節(jié)語態(tài)：地圖題用被動語態(tài)如：2000年在城鎮(zhèn)A

新建了一個醫(yī)院：A

new

hospital

was

established(或was

built或wasadded

in

Town

A

in

2000.A在B的東方/西方/南方/北方A

is

located【=lies=is

situated】in【to】the

east【或west或south或north】ofB.A

lies

at

the

southeastern

corner

of

B.(in表A在B內(nèi)部，to表A和B分開，at表A在B的角落)A在B內(nèi)部的某個部位A

is

in

the

eastern(或southern或western或northern)partof

B.A在B西北部的120千米處A

lies

120

km

to

the

northwest

of

B.(A在B…..角落)A

isat thesouth-easterncornerof

B(at表示A在B

外部，in表A

在B

內(nèi)部)在河流或道路的南邊/北邊等On

the

southern

side

of

theriver/roadOn

both

sides

of

the

road/river4.地圖題的書寫順序：時間順序和空間順序臨近馬路的地區(qū)The

area

is

adjacent

to(或near

或next

to

或just

offthe

road在道路或河流的最南端At

thesouthern

end

of

the

riverA在B

的對面Ais

on

the

opposite

side

of

BA

is

opposite

to

BA在B

東部的邊界上（A

在B外部）A

ison

the

eastern

borderof

BA在B

東部邊緣上（A在B

內(nèi)部）A

ison(或along)

the

eastern

edge

ofB地圖題描述的是一個地區(qū)的變化，那么“變化”詞匯必須過關(guān)。變化包括兩種：圖形原有事物的改變，圖形新添事物。我們先看圖形原有事物的改變：原有事物可說成：The

original或previous或former

garden原有事物尺寸上變大/變?。篢hesize/areaofthelibraryhasbeen擴(kuò)大enlarged或extended縮小shrink

【halved或reduced

by

half減少一半】原有事物在數(shù)量上增多或減少：The

number

of

homes

has

increased【risen或grown或reduced或decreased或dropped或fallen或doubled翻倍/tripled翻三倍/quadrupled翻四倍】to500.二、常用的表示“變化”詞匯原有事物沒了：The

farms

completely

disappeared/vanished/

were

removed.原事物被搬遷：relocate原有事物被改為：A es

BA

is

transformed

/reconstructed

/redeveloped/converted

/changed

into

BA

is

replaced

by

B

=

A

gives

way

to

B圖形新添事物??A

newly-built

road/

path

A

new

car

park

was

built

/

constructed/ completed

inthe

middle

of

sthA

new

IT

centre

has

been

added

to

the

libraryThe

year

2000

saw

two

additions

to

the

land:

a

pondin

the

northern

part

and

a

vegetable

garden

on

thesouthern

part.例題1：The

maps

belowgive

information

about

a

school

site

in

2004and

the

planning

of

the

same

school

in2010.Summarise

the

information

by

selecting

and

reporting

the

main

features,

and

makecomparisons

whererelevant.（考題）【題目】The

maps

below

give

information

about

aschool

site

in

2004

and

the

planning

of

the

sameschool

in

2010.【首段模板】The

two

maps

individually(或

respectively分別地)illustratethelayoutofAAA

in第一個時間點(diǎn)and

the

changes

which

are

expected

to

take

place

in最后一個時間點(diǎn).【首段】The

two

maps

individually

illustrate

the

layoutof

Hogwards

Grammar

School

in

2004

and

the

changeswhich

are

expected

to

take

place

in

2010.【第二段首句模板句式】Obviously,from

thefirstmap,

we

can

clearly

see

that…..Obviously,from

the

first

map,we

can

clearly

see

thatthere

were(此處的謂動是就近原則)600

students

inthis

school

and

only

one

school

building

in

thenorthwestern

part

of

the

campus.

On

the

right-handside

of(在...的左手邊)school

building,

there

was

alarge

sport

field

which

was

linked

to

the

school

buildingby

a

walking

path.

To

the

east

of

the

sport

field,therewas

a

car

park

and

it

was

connected

by

the

main

road.The

rest

of

the

campus

was

covered

by

trees

and

lawns(草坪).【第三段首句模板句式】Turning

to(或Moving

onto)the

second

map,

it

is

evident

that....Turning

to

the

second

map,it

is

evident

that

the

number

ofstudents

is

expected

to

increase

to

1000

in

2010.

Besides,according

to

the

planning(根據(jù)規(guī)劃),two

more

buildingswill

be

built

and

one

of

them(building

2)will

be

locatedto

the

east

of

the

school

building

1

and

the

other

(building

3)will

be

to

its

south.All

three

buildings

will

belinked

by

walking

paths.

Since

school

building

2

will

take

up

(=occupy)the

northern

part

of

the

former

sport

field,itwill

be

moved

(will

be

relocated)

to

the

south.Finally,a

new

car

park

is

expected

to

be

built

to

the

west

of

schoolbuilding

1

and

the

main

road

will

be

reconstructed

toconnect

both

car

parks.Themapsbelowshowthe

development

ofavillage

from1995

tothe

present

day.例題2：The

two

maps

individually

illustrate

the

layout

of

a

village

calledAAA

in

1990

and

the

changes

which

have

taken

place

in

the

presentday.Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

that

in

1990,

therewas

a

large

area

of

farmland

at

the

northeastern

corner

of

thevillage

and

to

its

southwest,

a

public

park

was

located

with

a

hotelto

the

south.

On

the

left-hand

side

of

the

public

park,

there

werehousing

developments

with

restaurants

to

its

south.

To

the

further

south,

there

was

a

fish

market

on

the

coast

which

was

adjacent

to

adock.Turning

to

the

second

map,

it

is

evident

that

great

changes

haveoccurred

in

the

present

day.

Specifically,farmland

has

disappearedand

been

replaced

by

a

golf

court

and

a

tennis

court.Meanwhile,holiday

park

has

been

developed

into

holiday

homes

and

restaurants

also

have

been

turned

into

shops.It

is

interesting

to

note

that

housing

area

and

hotel

are

still

at

their

original

places(對沒改變的事物的專用描述)

and

a

car

park

has

been

added

to

the

south

of

the

hotel.Besides,the

coastline

has

extended

to

the

furthersouth.例題3：The

two

maps

individually

illustrates

the

layoutof

a

village

calledRyemouthin

1995

and

the

changes

which

havetaken

placein

the

present

day.Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

that

in

1995,

in

thesouthern

part

of

the

village,

there

was

a

fishing

port

onthe

sea

and

a

fishmarket

north

tothe

port.

Oppositeto

the

market,

there

was

a

block

of

shopssitting

ontheothersideoftheroad.Easttotheshops,ahotel

and

acafe

werebuiltat

the

joint

of

twomajor

roads.

Additionally,

the

northwest

part

wasbasically

a

residential

area.

Moreover,

a

farmland

of

great

acreage

occupied

thenortheast

corner,

while

a

forest

park

was

established

south

to

the

farmland.Turning

tothe

second

map,it

is

evident

that

in

the

present

day,

the

fishingport

has

disappeared

and

the

fish

market

has

been

replaced

by

ablock

ofapartments.

In

addition,

several

restaurants

havetaken

up

the

place

oftheshops.

A

car

park

has

been

built

on

the

east

of

the

hotel.

In

the

residential

area,more

houses

have

been

constructed

along

a

newly

builtroad.

Finally,a

sportsfield

for

tennis

and

golfhas

occupied

the

place

of

the

previousfarmland

andthe

forest

park.例題4：The

diagrams

below

show

thechanges

that

will

takeplace

at

aschoolin

2015

starting

from

present.The

two

maps

individually

illustrate

the

current

layout

of

a

school

and

thechanges

that

will

take

place

in

2020

as

planned

（等于according

to

theplanning）.Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

that

at

present,

there

is

a

mainroad

with

a

bus

stop

outside

the

south

wall

of

the

campus,

while

outside

the

westwall,

there

is

a

footpath

and

two

car

parks.

Opposite

to

the

entrance,

there

is

agarden

and

inside

the

school,

student

residential

buildings

are

located

at

thenorthwestern

corner.

Besides,

two

classrooms

with

a

toilet

in

between

are

locatedalong

the

south

wall.

Along

the

west

wall,

three

small-sized

classrooms

can

befound

and

there

is

a

bigger-sized

classroom

and

a

reception

along

the

east

wall.Moving

on

to

the

future

year

2020,

it

is

evident

that

the

total

area

of

the

school

is

expected

to

enlarge

(=expand).

Specifically,

the

garden

and

the

footpath

will

beremoved,

as

planned.

On

the

place

where

footpath

disappears,

a

new

car

park

willbe

added.

Inside

the

school,

a

shop

will

be

opened

up

at

the

northwestern

corner

ofthe

campus

and

it

is

next

to

student

residential

buildings.

It

is

interesting

to

note

that

the

entrance

and

the

toilet

will

exchange

their

places,

with

the

former

directlyleading

to

an

oval-shaped

reception

in

the

center

of

the

campus.

Along

the

eastwall,

four

bigger-sized

classrooms

will

be

built

according

to

the

planning.例題5：The

two

maps

individually

illustrate

the

previous

layout

of

an

island

andchanges

which

take

place

on

this

island

afterwards(雖然題目說是after，但是并無具體時間，所以寫第二副圖的時候用一般時).Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

the

layout

of

theisland

before

construction.

Specifically,

the

total

length

of

the

islandwas

approximately

250

metres

and

there

was

a

huge

island

with

abeach

in

the

west.

There

were

trees

covering

a

small

area

both

in

theeast

and

west

part

of

the

island.Moving

on

to

the

second

map,

it

is

evident

that

there

are

great

changeson

this

island.

Specifically,

there

are

lots

of

buildings

on

the

island

andthere

are

two

areas

of

modation.

One

is

in

the

west

near

the

beachwhile

the

other

one

is

in

the

centre

of

the

island.

Between

them,

there

isa

restaurant

in

the

north

and

a

central

reception

block,

whichissurrounded

by

a

vehicle

track.

This

track

also

goes

down

to

the

pierwhere

people

can

go

sailing

in

the

south

sea

of

the

island.

Furthermore,tourists

can

swim

near

the

beach

in

the

west.

A

footpath

connecting

thewestern

modation

units

also

leads

to

the

beach.例題6：The

mapsindividuallyillustrate

the

layout

of

a

village

called

PalmGrove

in1950

and

the

changes

which

took

place

on

this

place

in

1975

and

2000respectively.Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

that

in

1950,

Palm

Grovewas

a

small

fishing

village

with

onlythree

hotels.

Since

the

only

way

that

linkedthe

village

to

otherplaces

in1950

wasatwo-lane

road,itwas

noteasyforpeople

from

other

placesto

visit

Palm

Grove.Moving

on

to

the

year1975,

it

is

evident

that

there

were

great

changes

inthis

place.

Specifically,

the

former

two-laneroad

was

rebuilt

intoa

new

four-lane

highway.

It

was

still

a

fishing

village,

but

it

appeared

that

the

new

roadmade

it

easier

for

tourists

to

get

there.

Besides,

the

number

of

hotels

more

thandoubledto

7

and

new

hotels

were

built

along

the

beach.With

regard

tothe

year

2000,

it

is

noticeable

that

an

airport

was

built

justoutside

Palm

Grove.

This

apparently

made

it

much

easier

for

tourists

to

come

tothis

place

and

the

number

of

hotels

increased

by

twofolds

again

to

14.

In

thesame

year,

the

fishing

docks

were

removed.Probably,

most

local

residentsbeganto

workinthetouristindustry.例題7：You

shouldspendabout20

minutesonthistask.The

diagram

below

shows

the

development

of

thevillage

of

Kelsby

between

1780

and

2000.Summarise

the

informationby

selecting

and

reporting

the

main

features

andmake

comparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.?The

three

maps

individually

illustratethe

layout

of

a

village

calledKelsby

in

1770and

the

changes

who

took

place

in

1860

and2000.Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

that

in

1780,

Kelsby

hadonly

100

homes

atthe

northeasterncorner

of

the

villageand

tothe

south

ofhomes,there

was

a

large

area

of

woods.

To

the

west

of

the

woods,

there

werefour

farms

which

werealso

in

thecentre

ofthe

village.

To

its

furtherwest,

there

was

a

river

which

flowed

from

north

to

south.

Moving

on

to

the

year

1860,

it

is

evident

that

great

changesoccurred.Specifically,

the

number

of

homes

doubled

to200.

Besides,

a

bridge

was

built/constructed

and

it

was

linked/

connectedtohomes

by

anewly-pavedroad.

Incontrast,

the

number

of

farms

was

reduced

by

half

and

the

area

of

woodsdecreased

considerably.With

regard

to

the

year

2000,

it

is

noticeable

that

farms

and

woodscompletely

disappeared,

but

the

number

of

homes

continued

increasingto500.

At

the

southeasterncornerof

the

village,

there

were

newly-built

schools

which

linked/connected

to

homes

bya

newly-built

road.

Along

the

river

bank,there

were

newly-opened

shops

and

a

largearea

of

wetland

for

birds

was

setup

at

the

southern

endof

the

river.例題8：The

maps

individually

illustrate

the

layout

of

a

public

building

in

Hartford

Streetin1985

and

the

changes

which

took

place

in

1995

and

2005.Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

that

in

1985,

the

public

buildinglocated

at

the

side

of

Hartford

Street

with

a

big

garden

in

front

of

it.

At

the

southwestcorner

of

the

building,

there

was

a

small

kitchen

and

the

major

part

of

the

public

building

was

just

a

public

reading

room

with

several

desks.Moving

on

to

the

year

1995,

it

is

evident

that

the

public

building

took

some

part

of

the

garden

and

expanded

about

40%

in

acreage.

The

newly-developed

area

was

used

asa

meeting

room,

whilst

the

old

public

reading

room

was

replaced

by

a

reception

area.With

regard

to

the

year

2005,

it

is

noticeable

that

the

public

building

further

enlargedits

area(進(jìn)一步地擴(kuò)展大其面積)for

another

20%

space

by

taking

up

more

area

of

thegarden

and

it

eventually

occupied

the

final

inch

of

（完全占領(lǐng)...的面積）the

garden

bybuilding

a

new

car

park

on

it.

In

the

rebuilt

construction,a

theatre

took

up

the

area

forthe

meeting

room

and

the

new

added

area.

It

was

a

spacious

theatre

with

a

large

stage,and

two

sections

as

well

as

a

number

of

audience

seats.Additionally,the

reception

wasreplaced

by

a

roomy

hall.例題9：The

map

belowshows

the

village

of

Stokeford

in

1930

and

in2010.?

The

two

maps

individually

illustrate

the

layout

of

a

village

calledStokeford

in

1930

and

the

changes

which

took

place

in

2010.Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

see

that

in

1930,

the

river

Stokeflowed

through

the

Stokeford

from

northeast

corner

to

southwest

cornerand

a

bridge

was

on

the

upper

stream

of

the

river

to

connect

the

main

roads

on

both

sides

of

the

river.

There

was

nothing

on

the

west

side

of

theriver

and

on

the

east

side

of

the

river,

the

primary

school

was

in

the

center

of

the

map,

as

well

as

next

to

the

farmland.

To

the

south

of

the

primaryschool,

there

were

gardens

with

a

large

house.

Besides,

along

the

road

fromnorth

to

south,

several

buildings,

shops,

post

office

and

farmland

werelocated

to

the

west

of

side

of

it.

Turning

to

the

second

map,

it

is

clear

that

great

changes

took

placeon

the

east

side

of

the

river

Stoke

in

Stokeford

in

2010.

Specifically,farmland

and

shops

disappeared.

Moreover,

the

primary

school

wasexpanded

with

two

buildings

and

to

the

south

of

it,

the

original

gardensreduced

in

size

and

was

developed

as

the

retirement

home.

Lastly,

severalbranches

of

the

road

were

constructed

with

plenty

of

houses.

On

the

westside

of

the

river,

however,

there

was

no

change

at

al.例題10：The

diagrams

below

show

the

changes

that

have

taken

place

atQueen

Mary

Hospital

since

its

construction

in

1960.Summarise

the

information

by

selecting

and

reporting

the

mainfeatures,

and

make

comparisons

where

relevant.

The

three

maps

individually

illustrate

the

layoutof

Queen

Mary

Hospitalin1960andthechangeswhichtook

placein1980

and2000.

Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

canclearly

see

that

in

1960,

the

hospitalwas

built

close

toa

mainroad

andnext

to

a

shopping

centre.

A

largeareabehind

the

hospital

was

turned

into

a

carpark,

while

the

area

behindtheshopping

centre

wasfarmland.

Moving

on

tothe

year

1980,

it

is

evident

that

the

shoppingcentre

wasdemolished

in

order

to

make

way

for

twoadditional

hospital

buildingswhichwere

a

pharmacyand

a

cancercentre.

Furthermore,

thehospital

gainedthefarmland

and

converted

it

intoa

nursingschool.

With

regard

tothe

year

2000,

the

main

hospital

building

remainedunchanged

but

the

cancer

centre

was

extended

to

cover

the

entire

nursingschool.As

a

result

of

this,

the

original

car

park

was

divided

intotwo

so

that

itprovideda

smallercar

park

and

a

small

nursing

school.In

thesame

year,

thehospital

increased

in

size

and,

in

addition

to

a

new

nursing

school,acancercentre

wascreatedandextended.

Hence,

thecapacityof

thecar

park

wasreducedbyahalf.例題11

The

first

map

presents

the

layout

of

a

city

in

1965

and

thesecond

map

shows

the

changes

which

have

taken

place

untilthe

present

day

and

the

changes

which

are

expected

to

occurin

2018.

Obviously,

from

the

first

map,

we

can

clearly

see

that

in1965,

there

was

a

north-to-south

Tam

River

in

the

city,

with

abranch

flowing

from

the

west

to

the

east.

In

the

same

year,

in

thenorthwest

corner

of

the

city,

some

trees

were

surrounded

by

theriver,

Meanwhile,

some

houses

were

located

on

the

ashore

whichwas

in

the

opposite

of

the

river.

Moving

on

to

the

present

year,it

is

evident

that

a

car

parkhas

replaced

the

trees

area

and

the

number

of

houses

hasdoubled.Besides,

a

new

bridge

has

been

built

across

Tam

Riverand

a

new

foot

bridge,just

under

the

new

bridge,has

beenconstructed

over

the

river.In

addition,two

car

parks

will

be

builtin

2008

according

to

the

plan(根據(jù)規(guī)劃).One

will

be

located

inthe

middleof

residential

district

and

the

other

one

will

be

built

inthe

south

of

the

city.流程圖模版特點(diǎn)一：一般時

特點(diǎn)二：被動語態(tài)特點(diǎn)三：時間順序詞特點(diǎn)四：定語從句

特點(diǎn)五：適當(dāng)添加

特點(diǎn)六：無需總結(jié)

The

flow

chart

(或diagram)

clearlypresents

the

precedure

of

howsth

is

done.

Overall,

itis

clear

that

the

whole

process

can

be

dividedinto

多少

main

stages(或多少steps)【或Overall,

it

is

evidentthatthere

are

多少

main

stages

(或多少steps

involved

in

the

entireprocess】.?The

flow

chart

below

shows

the

process

of

recycling

usedglass

bottles.The

diagram

clearly

presents

the

procedure

of

howused

glass

bottles

are

recycled.

Overall,

it

is

clear

that

thewhole

process

can

be

divided

into

three

mainstages.In

the

first

stage,

wasted

glass

bottles

are

collected

ata

certain

place

called

the

collection

point.

Then,

they

aretransported

by

truck

to

the

next

destination. In

thesecond

stage,

used

bottles

are

cleaned

by

high-pressurized

water

and

then

they

are

sorted

by

color

intoclear

group,

green

group

and

brown

group.

After

that,these

bottles

are

transported

again

to

a

glass

factory

(地點(diǎn))

where

they

are

cut

into

pieces

and

then

put

in

afurnace.

Here,

they

are

heated

withtemperaturesbetween

600℃and

800℃

and e

glass

liquid.

Togetherwith

other

source

of

glass

liquid, it

is

shaped

in

themould

to

produce

new

bottles.

Finally,

these

new

bottlesreturn

to

the

market

after

they

are

bottled

with

Coca

Colain

the

third

stage.

At

this

point,

a

new

cycle

is

about

tobegin(到此，一個新的循環(huán)即將開始).The

diagram

below

shows

the

process

ofhow

bricks

are

manufactured

for

thebuildingindustry.

The

flow

chart

clearly

presents

the

procedure

of

howbricks

are

manufactured.

Overall,

it

is

clear

the

whoeprocess

can

be

divided

into

seven

steps.

In

the

first

step,

clay

is

collected

by

digger

and

then

it

isplaced

on

metal

grid

where

big

pieces

of

clay

are

brokeninto

small

pieces.

In

the

next

step,

these

small

pieces

areconveyed

by

roller

to

their

next

destination.

After

they

aremixed

with

water

and

sand,

the

mixture

is

made

into

freshbricks

by

two

ways.

One

is

through

a

wire

cutter

which

cutthe

mixture

into

bricks

and

the

other

is

through

a

mouldthat

shape

the

mixture

into

bricks.

In

the

fifth

step,

theyare

moved

to

the

drying

oven

for

at

least

one

day

and

atmost

two

days.

After

fresh

bricks e

hard,

they

are

movedagain

to

the

kiln

where

they

are

heated

with

moderatetemperature

(200℃to

980℃)first

and

then

with

hightemperature

(870℃to

1300℃).After(省略主語與are)heated,

these

bricks

are

put

into

cooling

chamber

for

twoto

three

days.

Finally,

the

finished

products

are

packagedand

then

are

transported

to

the

building

site

by

truck.范例3The

flow

chart

clearly

presents

the

procedure

of

howelectricity

is

produced(或generated)by

using

water.Overall,itis

clearthat

there

areseven

stepsinvolved

inthe

production(或generation)of

hydroelectricity水力發(fā)的電).Inthe

firststep,sea

water

evaporates(不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài))into

the

sky

after

it

is

heated

by

the

sun.After

that,

the

vaporturns(不及物動詞)into

clouds

and

then

rain

water

is

collected

ina

reservoir

made

by

a

dam

after

rain

falls.

This

dam

has

a

valve

tocontrol

the

closing

and

opening

of

water

in

the

reservoir.Whenthis

valve

is

opened,the

water

falls(不及物動詞)on

a

turbinewith

great

pressure

and

then

the

water

is

reused

by

pumping

itback

to

the

reservoir.In

the

next

step,the

turbine

rotates(不及