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REVISION-----虛擬語氣概念：謂語v用不同的形式表示說話人的不同意圖，這種形式稱為語氣。語氣分三種：陳述語氣：用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一種看法，有肯定、否定、疑問、感嘆等形式。He

is

late

for

class. What

fun!He

is

not

interested

in

classical

music.祈使語氣：用來表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等（動(dòng)詞常用原形）Don’t

be

late！虛擬語氣：表示說話人所說的不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。一、虛擬語氣在if非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬條件從句(If)主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)主語+did/were主語+should/would/could/might

+do與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)主語+had

done主語+should/would/could

/

might

+have

done與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)主語+1.didshould

dowere

to

do主語+should/would/could/might

+do1.如果我是你，我會(huì)接受他的建議。If

I

were

you,

I

would

accept

his

advice.2.如果明天下雨，我會(huì)待在家里。If

it

rained/should

rain/were

to

rain

tomorrow,

Iwould

stay

at

home.3.如果你以前好好學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)通過考試的。

If

you

had

studied

hard

before,

you

would

havepassed

theexam.inYou

didn’t

let

me

drive.

If

weturn,

you so

tired.drove;

didn’t

getdrove;

wouldn’t

getwere

driving;

wouldn’t

gethad

driven;

wouldn’t

have

gotit

rain

tomorrow,

we

would

haveto

put

off

the

visit

to

the

Yang

Pu

Bridge.A.WereC.WouldB.

ShouldD.

Will注意：1.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣當(dāng)從句主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If

you

(follow)my

advice

justhad

followednow,you would

be

(be)better

now.If

you

had

studied

(study)hard

before,

youwould

be(be)a

college

student

now.If

you with

George

earlier,

youso

angry

now.talked;

would

not

behad

talked;

would

not

bewould

talk;

would

not

behad

talked;

would

not

have

beenIf

we

had

taken

such

effective

measuresso

seriouslymuch

earlier,

the

rivernow.is

not

pollutedwould

not

be

pollutedhad

not

been

pollutedD.would

not

have

been

polluted2.if從句中，were，had（完成時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)），if必須省略。否定詞

not不能放在前面。seen

hHad

I

not

seen

him

then(Hadn’t

I im

then),

Iwouldn't

have

been

very

happy.If

I

were

you,

I

would

accept

hisadvice.Were

I

you,……If

it

rained/should

rain/were

to

rain

tomorrow,

Iwould

stay

at

home.Should

it

rained

tomorrow/

Were

it

to

rain

tomorrow,If

you

had

studied

hard

before,

you

would

havepassed

theexam.Had

you

studied

hard

before,……3、含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中，并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其它手段來代替條件句。常用的有介詞with，without，but

for（倘沒有，要不是）；連詞or，but；副詞otherwise等。1.I

was

ill

that

day.

Otherwise,

I

would

have

taken

part

inthe

sports

meeting.=If

I

hadn‘t

been

ill

that

day,

I

would

have

taken

part

in

the

sports

meeting.He

telephoned

to

inform

me

of

your

birthday,

or

I

wouldhave

known

nothing

about

it.I

should

have

given

you

more

help,

but

I

was

too

busy.What

would

you

do

with

a

million

dollars?Without

/

But

for

your

help,

we

couldn’t

have

finishedthe

work

ahead

of

time.=If

it

had

not

been

for

your

help,

…Without

electricity,

human

being

lifequite

different

today.A.isB.willbeC.would

have

beenD.would

beBut

for

his

help,

I

.should

not

have

succeededhave

not

succeededdid

not

succeedhad

not

succeededHe

hesitated

for

a

moment

before

kickinga

goal.the

ball,

otherwise

heA.had

scoredB.scoredC.would

scoreD.would

have

scoredWhy

didn’t

you

buy

it?I but

I

didn’t

have

the

money.wouldwouldhavehad

hadhad

bought二、虛擬語氣的其他用法1.as

if/asthough（好像）+從句與現(xiàn)在相反與過去相反與將來相反did/werehad

donewould/could/might+

doHe

looks

as

if

he

were

an

artist.He

talked

about

the

accident

as

if

he

hadseen

it.(區(qū)分even

if/though)注意：若表示的確有某種可能(尤指天氣），也可不用虛擬語氣。Eg.

Look!

The

clouds

are

gathering.Itlooks

as

if

it’s

going

to

rain

.When

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,.it

looks

as

if

itbreakshasbrokenC.

were

brokenD.

had

beenbroken2.It

is

(high

/

about)

time

(that)sb

did/sbshould（不可省略）

+do該是某人做某事的時(shí)候了。It

is

high

time

that

you

got

up/should

getup.I’m

getting

tired;

it’s

timewehome.A.

goC.

wentB.

are

goingD.

should

begoing3.wish/if

only(要是……就好了）+從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反did/werehad

done（或用could

have

done）could/would/might+dowould

/could

/might

visitI

wish

(that)he (visit)

us

tomorrow.I

wish

(that)

he

visited

(visit)us

today.I wish

hehad

visited

us/

could

have

visited

us

(visit)

usyesterday.If

only

you（listen)to

our

advice!(be)a

bird!had

listenedIf

only

I

were4.在would

rather+賓語從句中與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反

did/were與過去事實(shí)相反

had

done即：would

rather

sb

did/

had

doneI

would

rather

you

came

(come)

here

tomorrow.I

would

rather

you

hadn’t

told

(not

tell)me

thetruth.5.用于表示建議（advise/

suggest/

mend）命令(order/

command)要求(demand/require/

request/

desire)堅(jiān)持要求(insist)

等詞相連的從句中需用虛擬語氣：sb

（should）+

doIsuggested

thathe(should)gothereatonce.(賓語從句)My

advice

is

that

we

(should)

tell

him

the

news.I

made

a

suggestion

that

he------(同位語從句)It

is

suggested

that

he------(主語從句)5

My

suggestion

was

that

he-----(表語從句)區(qū)別：This

is

the

suggestion

that/which

he

madeat

the

meeting.(定語從句)The

officer

gave

the

order

that

nothinguntil

the

people

arrived.didn’t

touchtouchedbetouchedtouchto

hospital

immediately.Insist：堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持主張，堅(jiān)持要求陳述語氣虛擬語氣注意：suggest:表明，暗示陳述語氣建議

虛擬語氣Her

pale

face

suggested

that

she

was

（be)ill

and

thatshe

(should)

be

sent

(send)He

insisted

that

hehadn’t

stolen

(not

steal)

the

money

andinsisted

that

he(should)

be

set

(set)

free.