#/11homebuyersresponsiblefortakingoutloanstheycouldneverexpectto__43__?Andlet'snotforgetthe__44__,whowerehappytotakethereturnsonofferwithoutaskingwhytheinterestratesweresohigh.Ofcourse,thetruthisthatalloftheabove__45__thecollapseand,unlesswestoppointingthefingerateachotherandfocusontheseriousbusinessofrecognizingour__46__responsibilityforourdifficulty,wewillfindourselvesrepeatingthesamemistakes.Let'sfaceit,wearenotgoodatlearninglessonsfrompast__47__.TheGreatDepressionofthe1930swas,likethecurrentcrisis,precededbyahousingboom,alongperiodofcheapcreditandastockmarketcrash.Therearealsodisturbing__48__betweenrecentdevelopmentsandtheeventsinJapaninthe1990s.Butalreadythereareworryingsignsofourbeing__49__.Investmentbanksarefallingbackintooldhabits,hiringhigh-fliersonunbelievablyhighsalariesandbonusinthenameof‘Weneedgoodpeople'.Meanwhile,governmentsarehesitatingintheircommitmentto__50__thetoughfinancialregulationsthattheywerebangingtheirfistsaboutonlymonthsago.Itisasthoughwecanonly__51__forsolong.Thenweshrugourshouldersandheadunwittinglyinthedirectionofthenext__52__.The__53__isnottoexpressourangertoeachother.__54__,weallneedtopause—bankers,borrowers,lenders,savers,legislatorsandregulators—andacknowledgeourfailure.Thenwemusthavethecouragetotakethenecessarysteps,whetherpolitical,corporateor__55__,topreventyetanothercycleofboomandbust.41.A.blameB.expectC.remainD.represent42.A.giftedB.reluctantC.preparedD.humble43.A.repayB.obtainC.arrangeD.secure44.A.regulatorsB.borrowersC.saversD.lawyers45.A.dependedonB.contributedtoC.resultedfromD.setup46.A.temporaryB.lifelongC.individualD.collective47.A.discoveriesB.errorsC.reformsD.markets48.A.barriersB.differencesC.balancesD.parallels49.A.powerlessB.forgetfulC.regretfulD.careless50.A.imposeB.cancelC.neglectD.explain51.A.goaheadB.putoffC.lookbackwardsD.makeup52.A.crisisB.boomC.centuryD.promise53.A.processB.reasonC.solutionD.apology54.A.BesidesB.MeanwhileC.OtherwiseD.Instead

55.A.professionalB.personalC.formal55.A.professionalB.personalC.formalD.educationalSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)OversixdecadesthepianistAlfredBrendelgraduallybuiltupandmaintainedadominantpositionintheworldofclassicalmusic.HewasanintellectualfigurewhoexploredandrecordedthemainstreamEuropeanworksforthepiano.Hewroteandplayedagreatdeal,buttaughtverylittle.Andthen,fourorfiveyearsago,ayoungboyKitArmstrong,appearedbackstageatoneofBrendel'sconcertsandaskedforlessons.Initially,Brendeldidn'ttakethesuggestionveryseriously.Hehadhadveryfewpupilsandhesawnoreasontostartnow.Hequotesfromanotherfamouspianist:‘Youdon'temployamountainguidetoteachachildhowtowalk.'Buttherewassomethingthatstruckhimabouttheyoungboy—thenabout14.Helistenedtohimplay.Brendelexplained,‘Heplayedremarkablywellandbyheart.ThenhebroughtmeaCDofalittlerecitalhehadgivenwhereheplayedsobeautifullythatIthoughttomyself,“Ihavetomaketimeforhim.”Itwasaperformancethatreallyledyoufromthefirsttolastnote.'AsBrendelisbowingofthepubliceye,Kitismakinghiswayintoit—restrainedbyBrendel,evernervousabouttheyoungmanburningoutearly.Kit,now19,isarestless,impatientpresenceawayfromthelessons—alwayslearningnewlanguages;takinghimselfofftostudymaths,writingcomputercodeorplayingtennis.Ontopofallthishecomposes.‘Thiswasveryimportant,'Brendelsays,‘Ifyouwanttolearntoreadmusicproperlyitishelpedbythefactthatyoutrytowritesomethingyourself.ThenInoticedthatKithadaphenomenalmemoryandthatwasaphenomenalsightreader.Butmorethanthisishisabilitytolistentohisownplaying,hissensitivitytosoundandhisabilitytolistentomewhenItrytoexplainsomething.HenotonlyusuallyunderstandswhatImean,buthecandoit.AndwhenItellhimonethinginapiece,hewilldoiteverywhereinthepiecewhereitcomesinlater.'Brendelcatcheshimselfandlooksatmeseverely.‘NowIdon'twanttoraiseanyexpectations.I'mveryangryifsomenewspaperstrytodothis.Therewasonearticlewhichnamedhimasthefuturegreatpianistofthe21stcentury.Imean,really,it'stheworstthing.Onedoesn'tsaythatinanewspaper.Andithasdoneagreatharm.Asusual,withgiftedyoungplayers,hecanplaycertainthingsamazinglywell,whileothersneedmoretimeandexperience.Itwouldbeharmfulifacriticwasthereexpectingthegreatestperfection.WhatcanbeleanedaboutBrendelfromthefirstparagraph?Heseldomtookonpupils.Heowedhissuccesstohisintelligence.Hepreferredplayingthepianotocomposing.Hebecamedominantinclassicalmusicsixtyyearsago.Brendelusesthequotationaboutthemountainguidetoillustratethat.itisnotalwayseasytoteachpeoplethebasicsitisunnecessaryforanexperttoteachpeoplethebasicsitisnotwisetotrytoteachpeoplenewskillsbeforetheyarereadyitisimpossibleforpeopletolearnsomethingnewwithoutothers'helpWhichofKit'smusicalabilitiesdoesBrendeladmirethemost?Kitisabletowritemusichimself.Kitisabletounderstandandrespondtoadvicewell.Kitisabletorememberallthemusichehaseverplayed.Kitisabletoplayapieceofmusicthefirsttimeheseesit.Brendelcatcheshimself(inParagraph4)because.herealizeshehassaidtoomuchtoajournalisthedoesn'tenjoygivinginterviewstojournalistshehatesthewaythathehasoftenbeenmisquotedD.hewantstobecarefulhedoesn'tupsetanymusiccritics(B)Threestrikesandyou'reout!FAQWheredoestheterm‘threestrikeslaw'comefrom?Theynamedthelawafterthethreestrikesruleinbaseballwherethepersonbattingisallowedtwostrikes(hecanmisstwoballs),butonthethirdstrikeheisout.Thethreestrikeslawisbasedonthesameprinciple—threeconvictionsandyou'retakenoutofsociety.?Twenty-sixstatesintheUSAhavethethreestrikeslaw,buteachstatehasitsowninterpretationofwhatitmeans.Somestatessaythethreeconvictionsmustallinvolveviolentcrimesforthethreestrikestoapply.However,Californiaisdifferentfrommostotherstates—theyinsistongivinglifesentencesforanythirdconviction.?Doesthethreestrikeslawworkasdeterrent?Somestudiesfoundthatnationallytherehasbeenverylittledifferenceinthenumberofre-offenderssincethelawswerefirstusedintheearly90s.Otherstudiessuggestthatitdoesstopcriminalsfromre-offending.ThenumberofmurdersinLosAngeles,California,fellfrom1,000in1992to297in2010.Butthesefiguresdonotconvinceeveryoneofthelaw'seffectiveness.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobesentencedtolifeaccordingtothethreestrikeslaw?Onewhorobbedapizzashopforthefirsttime.Onewhostolethreevideotapesfromasupermarket.Onewhocommittedrobberyafteratheftandarobberycharge.Onewhotookthewrittentestofadrivingtestforhiscousinagain.Whichofthefollowingquestionsbestfitstheblankinthepassage?WhyisthislawenforcedintheUSA?Isthislawinterruptedinthesameway?Whatkindofcrimesareinvolvedinthelaw?Inwhichstatehasthislawbeentheleasteffective?62.Theword“”mostprobablymeanssomething___.topreventpeoplefromdoingsomethingwrongB.toconvincepeopleofthelaw'seffectivenessC.toencouragepeopletostopviolentcrimestomakepeopleafraidofbeingpunished(C)Newtechnologiesarerattlingtheeconomyonallfronts.Whilethepredictionsarespecificanddire,biggerchangesaresurelycoming.Clearly,weneedtoadjustforthechangeahead.Butwemaybepreparinginthewrongway.Bothhistoryandpsychologytellusthatourcapacitytopredictthefutureislimited,whileourcapacitytobelieveinsuchpredictionsisunlimited.Wehavealwaysbeensurprised.Ratherthanplanningforthespecificchangesweimagine,itisbettertopreparefortheunimagined—forchangeitself.Takeeducation.Werewetoplanforspecificchanges,wewouldstarttoteachskillswethoughtwouldberewardedinthefuture.Forexample,computerprogrammingmightbecomeevenmoreimportantinhighschoolsthanitalreadyis.Maybethatwillprovetobewiseandwewillhaveamoreproductiveworkforce.Butperhapstechnologyevolvesquicklyenoughthatinafewdecadeswetalktoratherthanprogram,computers.Inthatcase,millionsofpeoplewouldhaveinvestedinaskillasold-fashionedaspenmanship.Instead,ratherthanchangingwhatweteach,wecouldchangewhenweteach.Currently,alltheformaleducationmostpeoplewillreceivecomesearlyinlife.Specificskillsmaybelearnedonthejob,butthefundamentalsareacquiredinschoolwhenweareyoung.Thisorder—learnearly,benefitforalifetime—makessenseonlyinaworldwheretheusefulskillsstayconstant.Butinarapidlychangingworld,thefundamentalsthatwereusefuldecadesagomaybeuselessnow;moreimportant,newessentialskillsmayhavearisen.Anyonehelpingagrandparentlearnhowtouseacomputerhasexperiencesthisproblem.Oncewerecognizethathumancapital,liketechnology,needsrefreshing,wehavetorestructureourinstitutionssopeopleacquireeducationlaterinlife.Wedon'tmerelyneedtrainingprogramsforparticularpopulationsorcircumstances,expensiveandshortexecutive-educationandtrainingpeoplereceiveroutinelyatage13.Thesafestpredictionisthatrealitywilloutstripourimaginations.Soletuscraftoureducationnotjustforwhatweexpectbutforwhatwillsurelysurpriseus.By“ourcapacitytopredictthefutureislimited,whileourcapacitytobelieveinsuchpredictionsisunlimited”(inparagraph2),thewriterimpliesthat.predictionsarecomingtruethankstotechnologyweneedtodevelopourabilitytopredicttothefullitisunwisetoputsomuchofourtrustinpredictionspredictinginunlimitedwayshelpsusgetusedtochangesTheexampleofprogrammingisusedinthepassageto.showhowfastcomputerscienceisadvancingillustratewhatistaughtnowmaysoonbeoutofdateemphasizetheimportanceofproductiveworkforceargueforthenecessitytoteachstudentsnewtechnologyWhatsuggestiondoesthewritermakeabouteducation?Fundamentalsshouldbetaughtasearlyaspossible.Studentsshouldbetaughtthoseconstantlyusefulskills.Trainingsshouldbeclassifiedaccordingtocircumstances.D.Schoolsshouldmakeitpossibleforustogeteducatedlater.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat___.A.themiraculousrealityiswhatweneedtodrawinspirationfromtechnologicaladvanceshaveexpandedourscopeofimaginationthebestwaytoprepareforthefuturemaybetoprepareforchangeeducationisinevitablysurprisingusforwhatitdoestohumancapitalSectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.HeistryingaNYthingtomoreproject—music,books,evenadocumentaryfilm.HowdoIturnmylifestyleintoabusiness?A-Ronfindsithardtofollowwhatyoungpeoplearecrazyabout.Whilestillworkingaretailjob;A-Ronwasalsomakingabusinessoutofbeingacoolguy.Whyisitnecessarytobrandmyself?A-Ron'spreferredformofexpression,however,isnoneofthosethings.MyBrandIsMeAraronBondaroffis29.A-Ron,asheisalsoknown,hasaveryhighopinionofhisownimportanceintheyouthcultureofLowerManhattaninNewYork.Asfarasheisconcerned,youcanpresumethateverycoolpersonsouthofDelanceyStreetwilllikewhathelikes.Noneedtoaskthemwhattheywant.Askhim.A-Ronhasbeenaskinghimselfaquestionlately:”67”Bondaroffdroppedoutofhighschoolatage15.HegotajobinLowerManhattanatastoresellingitemswiththe“Supreme”nameonthem.Theoreticallyaskateboard,Supremewasreallyabrandaboutattitude.Inhisstore,clerkswouldinsultyoutoyourfaceifyouweren'tcoolenough.A-Ronwasnotonlycoolenough,hewasphotographedforSupremeadsandbecameits“unofficialface.”68AgroupinAustraliapaidforhimtocometheretodiscussnewtrends.HiselaboratebirthdaypartywassponsoredbyNike.Hewasfiguringoutthathehadtheoptionofbecominga“cultureexpert.”Heconcludedthattherewasnoreasontorenthiscoolnesstoothercompanies.Iftheycouldearnmoneyfromhisgreattaste,hefigured,hecouldearnevenmore.Youngpeoplehavealwaysfoundfreshwaystorebel,expressindividuality,orformsubculturecommunities:newart,newmusic,newliterature,newfilms,newformsofleisure,orevenwholenewmediaforms.69Hecallsit“aNYthing”,makingitsoundlikesomeveryhipindependentfilmcompanyorapunkband.Infact,aNYthingisjustabrand.A-RonputsthelabelonT-shirts,hats,andotheritems,whichhesellsinhisownstore,amongotherplaces.A-Ronhasbrandedhimself,butitisnotabrandwithalargerange.Howdoesyourbrandgetbiggerwhenitis,essentially,justyou?70Hisblogannouncesthelatestpartiesandofferspicturesofthecoolpeopledroppingbyhisstore.HehasbeenthinkingaboutwhetherhecanopenastoreinJapan.HeseemstothinkhecanbetotheworldwhathebelievesheistoLowerManhattan.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowititillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Publicopinioncounts...ModburyisatypicalsmalltownofthesouthofEnglandwithapopulationofabout1,600.Typical,thatis,apartfromthefactthattherearenoplasticcarrierbagsinthetown.None,Plasticbagshavebeenwellandtrulydumped!TheremovaloftheplasticbagswasthebrainchildofRebeccaHosking,Modburyresidentanddocumentary-maker.FilmingadocumentaryinthePacificOcean,RebeccawashorrifiedattheeffectsofplasticbagsonthewildlifeoffHawaii.Amongotherthings,shesawseabirdsfatallytrappedinplasticbagsthatdon'tbiodegrade.WhenRebeccareturnedtoherhometown,shediscussedthisproblemwithpeople,includingtheshopkeepers,andeveryonesupportedhersuggestiontomakethetownplasticbagfree.ButforRebecca'sconcept,Modburywouldstillbeanunremarkablelittleplace.Now,however,shopperstakere-useablecottonbagsshoppingwiththem,ortheybuybiodegradablecornstarchonesintheshops.Theshopkeepersnowwraptheirgoodsinpaper.Toprovethathetownsfolkarenotonlycommittedtoreducingplasticwaste,theyorganizedamassbeachclean-uplastyear.Dozensofvolunteerscametothebeachontheappointeddaytocleanitup,takingtherubbishthatvisitorsthrowawayandrecyclingit.Andthegreatestpartofthatrubbishwas.no,notplasticbags,butplasticbottles.BecomingthefirsttowninEuropetobanplasticbags,Modburyisnowharvestingtherewardsoff