概要寫(xiě)作技巧SkillsforSummaryWritingWhatisagoodsummarywriting？1概要寫(xiě)作（滿(mǎn)分25分）提供一篇350詞以?xún)?nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫(xiě)出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。(詞數(shù)少于40的和多余80的，從總分中減去2分)評(píng)分原則第五檔

(21-25)理解準(zhǔn)確,涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)。能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。

有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。

完全使用自己的言語(yǔ)。________________________conciseCompleteCoherent（有條理的）correctnocopyHowtowriteasummary?2SUMMARYScanthepassage（覽全文，定題材）Step1Underlinethemainpoints（劃要點(diǎn)）Step2

Missthedetails（省細(xì)節(jié)）Step2

Analysethestructure

（析結(jié)構(gòu)）

Step3Yokethesentencestoapassage（連全文）Step5Restatethepoints（換表達(dá)）Step4Howtosolvethedifficulties？3Howtofindthekeypoints？Howtoparaphrasethekeypoints？Howtomakeapassage？閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Feedingtheworld’spopulationisabigchallenge,anditisabouttogetbigger.Rightnow,alittlemorethan7.3billionpeoplesharetheplanet.By2050,somescientistsestimate,theworld’spopulationmayreach9billion.Althoughmanypeopledon’tbelieveit,thatistheconclusionreachedbysomescientists.Justthreecrops—wheat,riceandcorn—providemorethantwo-thirdsofthecaloriesthatpeopleconsume.Suchcrops,andasmallnumberofotherimportantcrops,comefromfarmingregionssometimesreferredtoas“breadbaskets”.Theseareasoftenoccupyarelativelysmallportion(部分)oftheglobe.Worsestill,thebreadbasketsareeasilyaffectedbybadweather.Eventssuchaswidespreadfloodingorextendedheatwavecankillcrops.That’sespeciallytrueifthebadweatheroccurswhenacropisyoung,fruitingorapproachingharvest.Unfortunately,bigcropfailuresintwoormorebreadbasketscouldleadtowhatresearcherscalla“foodshock”.Thatmeansanoverallshortageoffoodwouldoccur.Extremefoodshocksusedtohappeneverycentury.Ortoputitanotherway,that’sonlyaboutonceinveryfourgenerationsofhumans.However,accordingtostudies,astheclimatewarms,highandlowtemperaturesbecomemoreextreme,andby2050,foodshockscouldoccuraboutonceevery30years.Inotherwords,apersonborninthemiddleofthecurrentcenturymightlivethroughtwoorthreeextremefoodshocksduringtheirlifetime.Sowhatcanpeopledotohelpavoidfoodshocks?Makingagricultureefficientisonechoice.Butoneofthemosteffectivewaystofightagainstfoodshocksmightbetocutdownonfoodwaste.“Ifwecouldcutfoodwasteinhalf,”saidSethCook,aBritishenvironmentalscientist,“wecouldfeedanextrabillionpeople.”Step1Scanthepassage（覽全文，定題材）1.Type:2.Topic：Exposition（說(shuō)明文）Itisdifficulttofeedtheworld’spopulation.

Tip1：Thetopicisusuallyinthefirstparagraph.Step2

Underlinethemainpoints&missthedetails（劃要點(diǎn)&省細(xì)節(jié)）Para.1:Feedingtheworld’sgrowingpopulationisabigchallenge,anditisabouttogetbigger.Rightnow,alittlemorethan7.3billionpeoplesharetheplanet.By2050,somescientistsestimate,theworld’spopulationmayreach9billion.Althoughmanypeopledon’tbelieveit,thatistheconclusionreachedbysomescientists.Tip2：Omit（省去）thedetailedstatistics/dataStep2

Underlinethemainpoints&missthedetails（劃要點(diǎn)&省細(xì)節(jié)）Para.2:Justthreecrops—wheat,riceandcorn—providemorethantwo-thirdsofthecaloriesthatpeopleconsume.Suchcrops,andasmallnumberofotherimportantcrops,comefromfarmingregionssometimesreferredtoas“breadbaskets”.Theseareasoftenoccupyarelativelysmallportion(部分)oftheglobe.Worsestill,thebreadbasketsareeasilyaffectedbybadweather.Eventssuchaswidespreadfloodingorextendedheatwavecankillcrops.That’sespeciallytrueifthebadweatheroccurswhenacropisyoung,fruitingorapproachingharvest.Theseareasbreadbaskets1.forexample，take…asanexample主題句在段首2.asaresult;inaword,toconclude,infact,therefore...主題句在段尾4.what’sworse,besides主題句在信息詞后Tip2：Payattentiontotypicalwordstojudgekeyinformation.3.however，but...主題句在信息詞前后Step2Underlinethemainpoints&missthedetails（劃要點(diǎn)&省細(xì)節(jié)）Para3:Unfortunately,bigcropfailuresintwoormorebreadbasketscouldleadtowhatresearcherscalla“foodshock”.Thatmeansanoverallshortageoffoodwouldoccur.Extremefoodshocksusedtohappeneverycentury.Ortoputitanotherway,that’sonlyaboutonceinveryfourgenerationsofhumans.However,accordingtostudies,astheclimatewarms,highandlowtemperaturesbecomemoreextreme,andby2050,foodshockscouldoccuraboutonceevery30years.Inotherwords,apersonborninthemiddleofthecurrentcenturymightlivethroughtwoorthreeextremefoodshocksduringtheirlifetime.Tip3：PayattentiontotherepeatedandexplanationwordsStep2

Underlinethemainpoints&missthedetails（劃要點(diǎn)&省細(xì)節(jié)）Para.4:Sowhatcanpeopledotohelpavoidfoodshocks?Makingagricultureefficientisonechoice.Butoneofthemosteffectivewaystofightagainstfoodshocksmightbetocutdownonfoodwaste.“Ifwecouldcutfoodwasteinhalf,”saidSethCook,aBritishenvironmentalscientist,“wecouldfeedanextrabillionpeople.”1.______________________________2.______________________________Step2

Underlinethemainpoints&missthedetails（劃要點(diǎn)&省細(xì)節(jié)）Para.4:Sowhatcanpeopledotohelpavoidfoodshocks?Makingagricultureefficientisonechoice.Butoneofthemosteffectivewaystofightagainstfoodshocksmightbetocutdownonfoodwaste.“Ifwecouldcutfoodwasteinhalf,”saidSethCook,aBritishenvironmentalscientist,“wecouldfeedanextrabillionpeople.”Tip4：Ignorethequotations.（引語(yǔ)）

Para.Keypoints1Feedingtheworld’spopulationisabigchallenge,anditisabouttogetbigger.2Theseareasoftenoccupyarelativelysmallportionoftheglobe.thebreadbasketsareeasilyaffectedbybadweather.3bigcropfailures...leadto...“foodshock”foodshock...everycentury...onceinveryfourgenerationsofhumansfoodshock...onceevery30years...person...livethroughtwoorthreeextremefoodshocks4Whatcanpeopledotohelpavoidfoodshocks?makingagricultureefficientcutdownonfoodwasteStep3Analysethestructure（析結(jié)構(gòu)）

Exposition（說(shuō)明文）

Problem

Causes

SolutionsStep3

Restate

thepoints（換表達(dá)）

Para.1:Feedingtheworld’sgrowingpopulationisabigchallenge,anditisabouttogetbigger.1.Feedingthe_____populationisan________________challenge.（替換字詞）increasinglybig

2.__isabiggerandbiggerchallenge____feedtheworldpopulation.（改變句式）Itglobal3.Itismoreandmore___________tofeedtheworldpopulation.（改變?cè)~性）challengingto4.With________________________________,itisincreasinglychallengingtosettlethe_________problem.worldpopulationgrowing/theboomoftheglobalpopulationfeedingStep4Restate

thepoints（換表達(dá)）

Para2：Breadbasketsoftenoccupyarelativelysmallportion

（部分）oftheglobe.Thebreadbasketsareeasilyaffectedbybadweather.1.Breadbasketsareoften_______.limited（理解句意）2.Breadbasketsareeasily___________________bybadweather.influenced/impacted（替換字詞）Tip5：Onesentenceforonepoint3.Thelimitedbreadbasketsareeasilyinfluencedbybadweather,whichmakesthingsworse.4.Breakbasketsarenotonlylimited,butalso

easily

impactedbybadweather.5.Thebadweathereasilyputsstrainson(給...壓力)thealreadylimitedbreadbasket.Step3Restate

thepoints（換表達(dá)）

Para3:bigcropfailures...leadto...“foodshock”

foodshockusedtohappeneverycenturyfoodshockcouldoccuronceevery30years...1.Bigcropfailurescould_______________________a“foodshock”.accountfor/contributeto/resultin3.Foodshockscouldoccur/happen/____________more___________inthefuture.frequently（替換字詞）（理解句意）2.A“foodshock”may_________________________bigcropfailures.becausedby/resultefrom/betriggeredby（轉(zhuǎn)變語(yǔ)態(tài)）breakout4.Bigcropfailurescouldaccountfora“foodshock”,whichcouldoccurmorefrequentlyinthefuture.5.“Foodshock”,resultingfromtheBigcropfailure,will

breakoutmorefrequentlyinthefuture.6.Whatwillhappenmorefrequentlyinthefutureisthe“foodshock”,whichresultsfrombigcropfailures.

Howtoparaphrasethekeypoints？Tip1：changewordsandphrases（替換字詞）Tip2：changesentencepatterns（改變句式）Tip3：changethepartofspeech（改變?cè)~性）Tip4：changethevoice（改變語(yǔ)態(tài)）Tip5：changeexpressionaccordingtothemeaning（理解句意）Step4Restate

thepoints（換表達(dá)）

Para4：Whatcanpeopledotohelpavoidfoodshocks?makingagricultureefficientcutdownonfoodwasteStep4Restate

thepoints（換表達(dá)）

Para4：Whatcanpeopledotohelpavoidfoodshocks?makingagricultureefficientcutdownonfoodwaste1.Peoplecanpreventfoodshocksbymakingagricultureefficientaswellasreducingfoodwaste.(改變字詞)2.Makingagricultureeffectiveandreducingfoodwastearethetwowaystopreventfoodshocks.(改變句式)3.Foodshockscanbeavoided

bymakingagriculture

effectiveaswellas

reducingfoodwaste(改變語(yǔ)態(tài))4.Tosolvetheproblem,betteringagricultureandmakingfulluseoffoodaretwoeffectiveways.(理解句意)5.Makingagricultureefficientaswellaswastingfoodlesscanhelppreventfoodshcoks.(改變?cè)~性)Step5Yokethesentencestoapassage（連全文）

Itismoreandmorechallengingtofeedthegrowingglobalpopulation.(point1)Thelimitedbreadbasketsareeasilyinfluencedbybadweather.(point2)Bigcropfailurescouldaccountfora“foodshock”,whichcouldhappenmorefrequentlyinthefuture.(point3)Effectivewayscouldhelppreventfoodshockssuchasmakingagricultureefficien