長風(fēng)破浪會有時，直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海。住在富人區(qū)的她2023年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindoubledigitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomiestowhichheavyindustryhasshiftedhavebecomemoreenergyintensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomistscommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.1.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis（

）.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif（

）.

3.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries（

）.

4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat（

）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.globalinflationB.reductioninsupplyC.fastgrowthineconomyD.Iraq'ssuspensionofexports問題2選項(xiàng)A.priceofcruderisesB.commoditypricesriseC.consumptionrisesD.oiltaxesrise問題3選項(xiàng)A.heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensiveB.incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilpricesC.manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezedD.oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP問題4選項(xiàng)A.oilpriceshocksarelessshockingnowB.inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocksC.energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilpricesD.thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry問題5選項(xiàng)A.optimisticB.sensitiveC.gloomyD.scared2.單選題PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereported,for,likeRoyalty,popstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearancesinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendary:famousstarsenjoyedfame,wealthandadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday’sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePops”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal.Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency—oftenmorethanlargeindustrialcompanies—andthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcompletefailure.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed:theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtopstars’highincome?2.AccordingtothefirstparagraphRoyaltyonce（

）.3.Accordingtotheauthoritcouldbeinferredthat（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorremindspeople（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ApprovalB.DisapprovalC.IronicalD.Critical問題2選項(xiàng)A.wascoldlygreetedB.ledalifeasalltheotherpeopledidC.livedalifetheformerpopstarscouldenjoyD.enjoyedastyleoflivingthatpeoplewerehardtoimagine問題3選項(xiàng)A.popstarscouldbecomparedtoRoyaltyB.popstarscouldbecomparedtotopmeninindustryC.popstarsarelowentertainersD.popstarsshareconveniences問題4選項(xiàng)A.mostfamousstarsaretipoftheicebergwithotherhundredsstrugglingforalivingB.societyalwaysrewardstopentertainersC.PopstarsarenewsD.crowdsgreetpopstarseverywheretheygo問題5選項(xiàng)A.PopstarsexertundesirableinfluenceinsocietyB.ComingandGongsAreRewardedC.FierceCompetition:TopofthePopD.PopStarsCertainlyMakeTheirMoney3.問答題ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.4.問答題With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.5.單選題Thisistheworld’sfirstaccurate（

）modelofhumanheartincomputer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.laboringB.workingC.livingD.liking6.問答題Inthesedays,withtherisingcostoflife(A),itis(B)dangerousfor(C)amarriedmantoriskhisplaceinhisprofessionorinhiscommunity(D).7.單選題Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.sheerB.totalC.integralD.perfect8.單選題Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.問題1選項(xiàng)A.preventedB.restrainedC.hinderedD.refrained9.單選題Environmentalistsmaygetoffonterrifyingclimatechange,butmostpeoplejustturnaway.“Ifitwasreallysobad,they’ddosomething,”saysonecolleague.ThehumantendencytoconvinceyourselfthateverythingisOK,becausenooneelseisworried,isdeeplyseated.Ourtendencytoshrugoffresponsibilityseemstoholdtrueevenwhenweourselvesareindanger.JohnDarleyandBibbLataneaskedaseriesofcollegestudentstositinaroomandfilloutaquestionnaire.Whensmokestartedtopourintotheroomthroughavent,theothers,allactors,ignoreditandwentonwritingcalmly.Ninetypercentofsubjectscopiedtheactors,evenwhenthesmokebecamesothickthattheycouldbarelyseeandwerecoughing.Butsubjectswhowerealoneintheroom,underthesameconditions,almostallreportedthesmokeasanemergency.Thatisanastonishingfinding—thattheinactionofotherpeoplecanmakeusunderestimatethreatstoourownsafety.Inthepastfewweekswehavebeentold,byreputablesources,thattheoceansarewarmingfasterthananyonepredicted.Thatspeciesarebecomingextinctahundredtimesfasterthanfossilsrecord.Thatweareapproachingtippingpointsthatmaymakeclimatechangeirreversible.Thisstuffmakesmefeelprettydesperate.Iwouldthinkthatotherpeoplewouldworrytoo.ButthenIgototheoffice,andtofriends’houses,andnoonementionsit.Nordothepoliticians.Despitethenoisefromgreengroups,welookforget-outclauses.Weblameothercountriesorbigcorporations.Thepartofourbrainthatisprogrammedtoimitatedominatesthepartcuedtoself-preservation—especiallywhenthethreatsarecomplexandlong-term.Couldwesendtheherdintheotherdirection?Maybe.TenyearsafterDarleyandLatane’ssmokeexperiment,anotherprofessorArthurBeamanshoweditsfilmstohisstudents.Heexplainedthepsychology.Andinfuturethosestudentswere,apparently,almosttwiceaslikelyasotherstoreacttohelpotherpeople.InJanuaryIcountedaToyotaPriushybridcaronalmosteveryoneoftherichstreetsinapartofLondonjusteastofmyhouse.YesterdayIdidanothercount.Theyseemedtohaveincreasedtotwoorthree.Thatisthepowerofimitation,forpeoplewhocanaffordit.Buthowdoyougetotherpeopletoimitatebehaviorthatislessvisible:buyingless,travelinglessorchangingtheirelectricitysupplier?Theanswersmustsurelylieinsocialetiquette.Ifweareprogrammedtoactlikelemmings,thenwemustgivesomepeopleincentivestobreakoutandpublicizetheiractivities.Thesmokeiscomingupthroughthevent.Ifenoughpeoplestarttalkingaboutthesmoke,perhapsotherswillstarttoseeittoo.Andifenoughpeopleact,therestmayfollow.Forthat,itseems,ishumannature.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatpeopletendto（

）.

2.Infaceofenvironmentaldegradation,mostpeopleare（

）.3.ProfessorArthurBeaman'sexperimentshowsthat（

）.

4.Theauthorsuggeststhatinordertocounterclimatechange,（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.beoptimisticaboutchangesoccurringaroundB.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreatsC.havetheirjudgmentsinfluencedbyothersD.waitforsomeoneelsetoactfirst問題2選項(xiàng)A.feelingunabletoassumesuchabigresponsibilityB.endeavoringtofindoutitscausesC.imitatingothers'inactionD.tryingtoprotectthemselves問題3選項(xiàng)A.it’shumannaturetoshrinkfromresponsibilityB.environmentaleducationshouldbeginwiththeyoungpeopleC.therewillbemanymorewhoarereadytohelpothersD.properguidancecanmakepeoplemoreconcernedaboutclimatechange問題4選項(xiàng)A.moreattentionshouldbepaidtopsychologicalaspectsB.imitationshouldbeminimizedoravoidedC.morepopularizationshouldbedoneaboutitsdangerD.somerestrictionsshouldbemadeonpeople’sspendingpattern10.單選題Ihavegivenyoumyadvice.Whetheryouwillactonitis（

）you.問題1選項(xiàng)A.uptoB.upforC.ontoD.forto第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:D第4題:A第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.（自從石油輸出國組織同意減少原油的供給，原油價格從去年12月的不到10美元一桶飆升至每桶近26美元）可知最近油價上漲的主要原因是石油供給的減少，因此選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.（在歐洲，稅收占了零售價格的五分之四，因此即使原油價格變動很大，對零售價格的影響也會比以往小得多）可推測如果要使汽油價格大幅上漲，應(yīng)提高石油的稅收，因此選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.（經(jīng)合組織在其最新的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì)，如果油價全年平均每桶22美元，與1998年的13美元每桶相比，只會使發(fā)達(dá)國家的石油進(jìn)口支出增加國民生產(chǎn)總值的0.25%至0.5%）可知石油價格上漲對發(fā)達(dá)國家的國民生產(chǎn)總值影響很小，因此選D，注意題干中問的是在《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中的觀點(diǎn)，雖然A、B、C選項(xiàng)在文中出現(xiàn)過，但并不是《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中提出的觀點(diǎn)。4.主旨大意題。文章前面兩段主要介紹了此次石油上漲的原因，后面三段主要介紹了為什么此次油價上漲造成的后果沒有像前兩次那樣嚴(yán)重：第一，原油占汽油價格的比重減少；第二，石油價格上漲對發(fā)達(dá)國家影響不大；第三，此次油價上漲不是在全球通貨膨脹和產(chǎn)能過剩的情況下產(chǎn)生的。因此A選項(xiàng)“油價沖擊現(xiàn)在不那么令人震驚了”符合題意。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilprices（另一個不因油價上漲而失眠的理由）以及上一題的分析，可知作者的態(tài)度是積極、樂觀的，因此選A。2.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:B第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.（明星們應(yīng)該以這種方式得到報酬，這是正確的）可知作者對明星高收入的態(tài)度是支持的，因此選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段描寫了今天的流行歌星享受著一種曾經(jīng)是皇室特權(quán)的生活方式：無論他們走到哪里，人們都會聚集在一起迎接他們。人群瘋狂地試圖抓住一個短暫的機(jī)會，一瞥他們的笑容滿面，穿著華麗的偶像。這些明星是由司機(jī)駕駛的勞斯萊斯、私人直升機(jī)或?qū)C(jī)接送的。由此可推測皇室曾經(jīng)享受著特權(quán)生活，過著普通人想象不到的生活，因此D選項(xiàng)“享受著人們難以想象的生活方式”符合題意。3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency—oftenmorethanlargeindustrialcompanies（行業(yè)中最優(yōu)秀的人，難道不因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)楣竞蛧姨峁┑姆?wù)而賺取豐厚的薪水嗎？流行歌星用外幣賺了很多錢——通常比大型工業(yè)公司賺得多）可推測B選項(xiàng)“流行歌星可以被比作工業(yè)界的頂尖人物”正確。A選項(xiàng)由第一段中的PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty（今天的流行歌星享受著一種曾經(jīng)是皇室特權(quán)的生活方式）直接得答案，不需要推測，C、D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容來看說法錯誤，因此選B。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving（那些發(fā)表嫉妒言論的人應(yīng)該記住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。對于每一個著名的明星，有數(shù)以百計(jì)的其他人掙扎著謀生）可知A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)著名的明星都是冰山一角，而