2010年12月英語六級真題（A卷）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewson

UniversityRanking.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.目前高校排名相當(dāng)盛行；

2.對于這種做法人們看法不一；

3.在我看來

MyViewsonUniversityRanking

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthe

questionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformation

giveninthepassage.

IntotheUnknown

Theworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.Canitcope?

Untiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhad

theforesighttoconvenea"worldassemblyonageing“backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By

1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled"Averting

theOldAgeCrisis",itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.

Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.Theyhad

titleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewas

blunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothe

cleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.

Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthe

subject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.Internationalorganisationssuch

astheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8

economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefuture

ofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,

includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.

Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governments

inrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecome

unaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnot

surprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopular

measuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.

Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(財政)meltdown,publicpensionsand

health-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthe

mosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytowork

longer,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.It

mayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP'sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointsto

studiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathrates

thantheirretiredpeers.

Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensions

willbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholding

onto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythanksto

thepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhave

enteredthelabourforce,increasingemployers'choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableand

willingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.

Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealready

emerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthe

developedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertile

Americaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwestern

Europeforabout90%.

Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoung

peopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesand

keepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslabourforcesinrichcountriesaresetto

shrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:to

atleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope'smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesinthe

olderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Public

opinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.

Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.

Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,"old"countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate

(使年輕)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,some

moresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesor

providingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.

Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.

Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnot

forquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowlybecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybe

lessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,

abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover

50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumberthanyoungerones.Academic

studieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxto

pushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthem

theymightstartdoingso.

Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,older

peoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11

Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin

25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.

Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffecton

societies,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJackson

andNeilHoweofAmerica'sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,

arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberof

serioussecurityimplications.

Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthe

fewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayingan

ever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld'sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica'spopulationwill

stillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonly

developedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically（地緣政治上）.

Askmein2020

Thereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.But

someoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventheright

policies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedthe

needtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.

Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowis

historicallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemography

ofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:"Wedon'treally

knowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.”

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡工上作答。

1.Inits1994report,theWorldBankarguedthatthecurrentpensionsysteminmostcountries

could.

[A]notbesustainedinthelongterm

[B]furtheracceleratetheageingprocess

[C]hardlyhaltthegrowthofpopulation

[D]helptideoverthecurrentageingcrisis

2.WhatmessageisconveyedinbookslikeYoungvsOld?

[A]Thegenerationgapisboundtonarrow.

[B]Intergenerationalconflictswillintensify.

[C]Theyoungergenerationwillbeattheold.

[D]Oldpeopleshouldgivewaytotheyoung.

3.Onereasonwhypensionandhealthcarereformsareslowincomingisthat.[A]nobody

iswillingtosacrificetheirownintereststotackletheproblem

[B]mostpeopleareagainstmeasuresthatwillnotbearfruitimmediately

[C]theproposedreformswillaffecttoomanypeople'sinterests

[D]politiciansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection

4.Theauthorbelievesthemosteffectivemethodtosolvethepensioncrisisisto.

[A]allowpeopletoworklonger[C]cutbackonhealthcareprovisions

[B]increasetaxrevenues[D]startreformsrightaway

5.Thereasonwhyemployersareunwillingtokeepolderworkersisthat.

[A]theyaregenerallydifficulttomanage

[B]thelongertheywork,thehighertheirpension

[C]theirpayishigherthanthatofyoungerones

[D]youngerworkersarereadilyavailable

6.Tocompensateforthefast-shrinkinglabourforce,Japanwouldneed.

[A]toreviseitscurrentpopulationcontrolpolicy

[B]largenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas

[C]toautomateitsmanufacturingandserviceindustries

[D]apoliticallyfeasiblepolicyconcerningpopulation

7.Whydomanywomeninrichcountriescompromisebyhavingonlyonechild?

[A]Smallfamiliesarebecomingmorefashionable.

[B]Theyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.

[C]Itistooexpensivetosupportalargefamily.

[D]Childcareistoobigaproblemforthem.

8.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiesarelessinclinedto

9.Thepredictedintergenerationalwarfareisunlikelybecausemostoftheolderpeoplethemselves

10.Countriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtocommitthemto

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheend

ofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.

Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A]/[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichis

thebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

11.[A]Themanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding.

[B]Thewomanisverygoodatbargaining.

[C]Thewomanwillgettheapartmentrefurnished.

[D]Themanislookingforanapartment.

12.[A]Howthepictureswillturnout.[C]Whatthemanthinksoftheshots.

[B]Wherethebotanicalgardenis.[D]Whythepicturesarenotready.

13.[A]Thereisnoreplacementforthehandle.

[B]Thereisnomatchforthesuitcase.

[C]Thesuitcaseisnotworthfixing.

[D]Thesuitcasecanbefixedintime.

14.[A]Heneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.

[B]Hehasafairlylargecollectionofqualitytrucks.

[C]Hehashadhistruckadaptedforcoldtemperatures.

[D]Hedoesroutinetruckmaintenanceforthewoman.

15.[A]Shecannotstandherboss'sbadtemper.

[B]Shehasoftenbeencriticizedbyherboss.

[C]Shehasmadeuphermindtoresign.

[D]Sheneverregretsanydecisionsshemakes.

16.[A]Lookforashirtofamoresuitablecolorandsize.

[B]Replacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.

[C]Visitadifferentstoreforasilkorcottonshirt.

[D]Getadiscountontheshirtsheisgoingtobuy.

17.[A]Ata"lostandFound".[C]Atatradefair.

[B]Atareceptiondesk.[D]Atanexhibition.

18.[A]Repairitandmovein.[C]Convertitintoahotel.

[B]Passitontohisgrandson.[D]Sellitforagoodprice.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.[A]Uniquedescriptiveskills.[C]Colourfulworldexperiences.

[B]Goodknowledgeofreaders'tastes.[D]Carefulplottingandclueing.

20.[A]Apeacefulsetting.[C]Tobeintherightmood.

[B]Aspaciousroom.[D]Tobeentirelyalone.

21.[A]Theyrelyheavilyontheirownimagination.

[B]Theyhaveexperiencessimilartothecharacters".

[C]Theylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.

[D]Theyareoverwhelmedbytheirownprejudices.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.[A]Goodorbad,theyaretheretostay.

[B]Likeitornot,youhavetousethem.

[C]Believeitornot,theyhavesurvived.

[D]Gainorlose,theyshouldbemodernised.

23.[A]Thefrequenttraindelays.[C]Thefoodsoldonthetrains.

[B]Thehightrainticketfares.[D]ThemonopolyofBritishRailways.

24.[A]Thelowefficiencyoftheiroperation.

[B]Competitionfromothermodesoftransport.

[C]Constantcomplaintsfrompassengers.

[D]Thepassingofthenewtransportact.

25.[A]Theywillbede-nationalised.[C]Theyarefastdisappearing.

[B]Theyprovideworseservice.[D]Theylosealotofmoney.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhear

somequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.[A]ThewholeAntarcticregionwillbesubmerged.

[B]Somepolaranimalswillsoonbecomeextinct.

[C]Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.

[D]Theearthwillexperienceextremeweathers.

27.[A]Howhumansaretocopewithglobalwarming.

[B]HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.

[C]Howvulnerablethecoastalcitiesare.

[D]Howpolariceimpactsglobalweather.

28.[A]Itcollapsedatleastonceinthepast1.3millionyears.

[B]Itsitsfirmlyonsolidrockatthebottomoftheocean.

[C]Itmeltedattemperaturesabithigherthanthoseoftoday.

[D]Itwillhavelittleimpactonsealevelwhenitbreaksup.

29.[A]TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceanopenocean.

[B]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasabout7,000feetthick.

[C]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasoncefloatingice.

[D]TheWestAntarcticregionusedtobewarmerthantoday.

PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.[A]WhetherwecandevelopsocialtiesontheInternet.

[B]Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.

[C]Whetherourblogscanbereneweddaily.

[D]Whetherwecansetupourownwebsites.

31.[A]Thenumberofvisitstheyreceive.[C]Thefilestheyhavecollected.

[B]Thewaytheystoredata.[D]Themeanstheyusetogetinformation.

32.[A]Whenthesystemisdown.[C]WhentheURLisreused.

[B]Whennewlinksaresetup.[D]Whentheserverisrestarted.

PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.[A]Someicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.

[B]Icedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsarecontaminated.

[C]Drinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseobesity.

[D]Somebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulsubstances.

34.[A]Havesomefreshfruit.[C]Takeahotshower.

[B]Exerciseatthegym.[D]Eatahotdinner.

35.[A]Theycouldenjoyahappierfamilylife.

[B]Theycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkefficiency.

[C]Manycancercasescouldbeprevented.

[D]Manyembarrassingsituationscouldbeavoided.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthe

firsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecond

time,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhave

justheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.

Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemain

pointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheck

whatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上作答。

Psychologistsarefindingthathopeplaysasurprisinglyvitalroleingivingpeopleameasurable

advantageinrealmsas(36)asacademicachievement,bearingupintoughjobs

andcopingwith(37)illness.And,bycontrast,thelossofhopeisturningoutto

beastrongersignthatapersonmay(38)suicidethanotherfactorslongthought

tobemorelikelyrisks./zHopehasprovenapowerfulpredictorof(39)inevery

studywe'vedonesofar,“saidDr.CharlesR.Snyder,apsychologistwhohasdeviseda(40)

toassesshowmuchhopeapersonhas.Forexample,inresearchwith3,920

collegestudents,Dr.Snyderandhis(41)foundthatthelevelofhopeamong

freshmenatthebeginningoftheirfirstsemesterwasamore(42)predictorof

theircollegegradesthanweretheirS.A.T.scoresortheirgradepoint(43)inhigh

school,thetwomeasuresmostcommonlyusedtopredictcollegeperformance.

(44)〃________________________________________________________________________________

!'Dr.Snydersaid."Whenyoucomparestudentsofequivalentintelligenceand

pastacademicachievements,whatsetsthemapartishope."Indevisingawaytoassesshope

scientifically,Dr.Snyder(45).

“Thatnotionisnotconcreteenough,anditblurstwokeycomponentsofhope/Dr.Snydersaid.

(46)〃________________________________________________________________________

PartIV

ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.

Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewest

possiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Mostyoungboysaretrainedtobelievethatmenshouldbestrong,tough,cool,anddetached.

Thus,theylearnearlytohidevulnerableemotionssuchaslove,joy,andsadnessbecausethey

believethatsuchfeelingsarefeminineandimplyweakness.Overtime,somemenbecome

strangerstotheirownemotionallives.Itseemsthatmenwithtraditionalviewsofmasculinityare

morelikelytosuppressoutwardemotionsandtofearemotions,supposedlybecausesuchfeelings

mayleadtoalossofcomposure(鎮(zhèn)定).Keepinmind,however,thatthisviewischallengedby

someresearchers.Aswithmanygendergaps,differencesinemotionalitytendtobesmall,

inconsistent,anddependentonthesituation.Forinstance,Robertsonandcolleaguesfoundthat

maleswhoweremoretraditionallymasculineweremoreemotionallyexpressiveinastructured

exercisethanwhentheyweresimplyaskedtotalkabouttheiremotions.Males'difficultywith

“tender"emotionshasseriousconsequences.First,suppressedemotionscancontributeto

stress-relateddisorders.Andworse,menarelesslikelythanwomentoseekhelpfromhealth

professionals.Second,men'semotionalinexpressivenesscancauseproblemsintheirrelationships

withpartnersandchildren.Forexample,menwhoendorsetraditionalmasculinenormsreport

lowerrelationshipsatisfaction,asdotheirfemalepartners.Further,childrenwhosefathersare

warm,loving,andacceptingtowardthemhavehigherself-esteemandlowerratesofaggression

andbehaviorproblems.Onapositivenote,fathersareincreasinglyinvolvingthemselveswiththeir

children.And30percentoffathersreportthattheytakeequalorgreaterresponsibilityfortheir

childrenthantheirworkingwivesdo.Oneemotionmalesareallowedtoexpressisanger.

Sometimesthisangertranslatesintophysicalaggressionorviolence.Mencommitnearly90

percentofviolentcrimesintheUnitedStatesandalmostallsexualassaults.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

47.Mostyoungboyshavebeentrainedtobelievethatmenwhoshowtenderfeelingsare

consideredtobe.

48.Somemenbelievethatiftheyexpressedtheiremotionsopenlytheymight.

49.Accordingtotheauthor,menwhosuppresstheiremotionsmaydevelop.

50.Menwhoobservetraditionalmasculinenormsaresaidtoderivelesssatisfactionfrom

51.Whenmalesgetangry,theycanbecomeorevencommitviolence.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientific

knowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedto

offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevoted

themselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericans

cametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreform

politics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidence

ofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.After

WorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,which

seemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholars

fannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbright

program,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefor

democraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeaneffortto

strengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,

engineering,andmath）.ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfalling

behindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,

andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesand

universities-haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriously

underfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutions

themselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutions

andareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausethey

providenoobviouscredentials（資質(zhì)）formostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.Muchoftheconcern

amongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof”real

world“education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheidea

thatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Our

societycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequally

impoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachus

whatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievements

ofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswell

withouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,

andwestillneed,both.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould.

[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople'slivingstandards

[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation'ssocialprogress

53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorld

Warll?

[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.

[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.

[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.[D]They

realizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.54.Whyare

Americanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?

[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.

[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.

[B]Shrinkingenrollment,[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.

56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents'creativity.

PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorial

meetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealong

time.Afterallzmorethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn'tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That'sbecausethe

questforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrent

mathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerging

anytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein'sday,therewereonlyafew

thousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinstein

probablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.Educationisdifferent,too.Onecrucial

aspectofEinstein'strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyher