經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

2005年9月至2008年7讀博士。Doctor’sdegreeSelfIntroduction1經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論2008年7月至今在河南中醫(yī)學(xué)院三附院疼痛科工作，現(xiàn)任疼痛科副主任，中國針灸學(xué)會(huì)委員，中國中西醫(yī)結(jié)合疼痛分會(huì)青年委員，河南針灸學(xué)會(huì)委員。HenanCollegeofTraditionalChineseMedicineAcupunctureandMassageInstituteSelfIntroduction2經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

劉宜軍HenanUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicineAcupunctureandMassageInstitute經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論曾在國家核心期刊發(fā)表論文10余篇。曾參與國家中醫(yī)藥管理局臨床診療技術(shù)整理與研究項(xiàng)目，2005年10月獲河南省中醫(yī)藥科技成果一等獎(jiǎng)，曾參與973，國家自然科學(xué)基金，國家中醫(yī)藥管理局資金資助項(xiàng)目。目前正主持著河南中醫(yī)學(xué)院博士基金項(xiàng)目“臭氧介入結(jié)合針灸治療腰椎間盤突出癥臨床研究”。SelfIntroduction3經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論SelfIntroduction4Tel:Email:坐診時(shí)間：周四、周五下午，周六上午坐診地點(diǎn)：311其余時(shí)間：病房或教學(xué)經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論緒言一、針灸學(xué)含義二、針灸學(xué)發(fā)展簡史（一）針法和灸法的起源《禮記》《山海經(jīng)》《說文解字》灸法：火的利用經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論（二）、針灸學(xué)理論的發(fā)展1、理論的初始1973年湖南長沙馬王堆漢墓出土的帛書2、理論形成《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》3、學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展晉—皇甫謐《針灸甲乙經(jīng)》－－－現(xiàn)存最早的針灸學(xué)專著元—滑伯仁《十四經(jīng)發(fā)揮》明—楊繼洲《針灸大成》----繼《內(nèi)經(jīng)》、《針灸甲乙經(jīng)》4、學(xué)術(shù)低谷時(shí)期清代李學(xué)川《針灸逢源》361穴5、學(xué)術(shù)繁榮時(shí)期二、針灸學(xué)的對外交流1987世界針聯(lián)、1989針灸術(shù)語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、1990中國《經(jīng)穴部位》，2006《腧穴名稱與定位》361經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

經(jīng)絡(luò)MeridiansandCollaterals

經(jīng)絡(luò)是人體氣血運(yùn)行的通路，它是中醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系的重要組成部分，同針灸學(xué)的關(guān)系密切。它是針灸學(xué)的理論核心。Meridiansandcollateralsarethepathwaysinthehumanbody,inwhichqiandbloodarecirculated.TheyaretheimportantcomponentofthetheoreticalsystemoftraditionalChinesemedicine,intimatelyrelatedwithacupunctureandmoxibustion.Theyarethetheoreticalcoreofacupunctureandmoxibustion.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論經(jīng)絡(luò)MeridiansandCollateralsMeridiansandCollateralsissimilarwithRiversystem。經(jīng)絡(luò)與水系有許多類似的地方。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Meridians：

經(jīng)脈經(jīng)線Collaterals：

絡(luò)脈側(cè)的,副的,側(cè)突(軸索),側(cè)枝acupunctureandmoxibustion：針灸Regulate：調(diào)節(jié)Transmit：傳導(dǎo)Circulate：循環(huán)Keywords經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論第一節(jié)：經(jīng)絡(luò)的基本概念SectionI:thebasicconceptofmeridiansandcollaterals(Jingluo)

經(jīng)絡(luò)是經(jīng)脈和絡(luò)脈的總稱。JingLuointraditionalChinesemedicineisthegeneraltermformeridiansandcollaterals.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“經(jīng)”指經(jīng)脈，有路徑的涵義，它們貫通上下，溝通內(nèi)外，是經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中的主干。

“Jing”implyingpathwayreferstomeridiansthatrunlongitudinally,linkingtheupperandlower,communicatingtheinteriorwiththeexterior,beingthemaintrunkofthemeridianandcollateralsystem.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論中國的七大江河分別是：

海河、遼河、黃河、淮河、松花江、長江、珠江.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

“絡(luò)”指絡(luò)脈，猶如網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它是經(jīng)脈別出的細(xì)小分支，縱橫交錯(cuò)，遍布全身。“Luo”standsforcollateralswhichappearlikeanetwork,i.e.thefinebranchesdivergingfrommeridians,runningbothlongitudinallyandtransversely,distributedovertheentirebody.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論《靈樞·脈度》篇說：“經(jīng)脈為里，支而橫者為絡(luò)，絡(luò)之別者為孫”。

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論二、經(jīng)絡(luò)概念的形成：

氣血→脈→經(jīng)絡(luò)氣血——化生于水谷精微，行于脈道，是維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)，古人稱之為生命的特征。脈——指運(yùn)行氣血的通道。經(jīng)絡(luò)——是經(jīng)脈與絡(luò)脈的總稱。將“脈”按大小、深淺不同而區(qū)分，是對“脈”的進(jìn)一步分析。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說是中國古代醫(yī)家和勞動(dòng)人民，在長期的生產(chǎn)和醫(yī)療實(shí)踐中，不斷觀察、認(rèn)識、積累、總結(jié)而逐漸形成的。ThemeridianandcollateraltheoryisgraduallyshapedinthelongerperiodofproductionandmedicalpracticebytheancientChinesephysiciansandordinarypeoplethroughtheirobservation,recognitionofbodyreactionstosomestimulation,andcollectionandsummeryoftheirexperience.

第二節(jié)：經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說的起源SectionII:Theoriginofthemeridianandcollateraltheory

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論在《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》（簡稱《內(nèi)經(jīng)》）成書之前，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些醫(yī)藥論著，包括經(jīng)絡(luò)腧穴學(xué)著作。1973年，長沙馬王堆三號漢墓出土的醫(yī)學(xué)帛書中有兩部古代關(guān)于經(jīng)脈的著作，它們論述了十一條脈的循行分布、病后表現(xiàn)和灸法治療。根據(jù)其足臂、陰陽的命名特點(diǎn)，命名為《足臂十一脈灸經(jīng)》和《陰陽十一脈灸經(jīng)》。帛書boshu經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論InthefirstancientChinesemedicalbookHuangDiNeiJing(TheInternalClassicofYellowEmperor)meridiansandcollateralsarealreadyexpoundedinsomedetails,whicharecontinuouslysupplementedandgraduallycompletedbyphysiciansinthelaterdynasties.

在中國古代第一本系統(tǒng)醫(yī)書——《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》里，已對經(jīng)絡(luò)有了較系統(tǒng)的描述，經(jīng)后世醫(yī)家不斷地充實(shí)而逐步趨于完整。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論1、

針刺、推拿時(shí)感傳線路的總結(jié)；

Basedonthesummaryoftransmittingsensationsalongcertainlineofthelimborbodyfeltbytheindividualswhilehavingacupunctureormessagetreatment.

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說的形成，可能是通過以下途徑：Theformationofthemeridianandcollateraltheorymaybethroughfollowingways:

針刺或推拿治療時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)酸、麻、脹、痛（acid,numb,swelling,pain）等感應(yīng)，這種針感有時(shí)會(huì)沿著一定的路徑向遠(yuǎn)處傳導(dǎo)。觀察這種向遠(yuǎn)處傳導(dǎo)與擴(kuò)散的現(xiàn)象，逐步認(rèn)識到人體各部之間存在著復(fù)雜而又有一定規(guī)律的聯(lián)系通路，從而提出經(jīng)絡(luò)循行分布的輪廓和基本活動(dòng)規(guī)律。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論2、

腧穴主治功能的總結(jié)；

Basedonthesummaryofthetherapeuticproperties(indications)ofacupuncturepoints.在長期的針灸臨床實(shí)踐中，古代醫(yī)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，主治范圍相似的穴位往往有規(guī)律的排列(Arrayedinaline)在一條線上。例如分布于上肢外側(cè)前緣的腧穴能治療頭面病癥；分布在上肢內(nèi)側(cè)前緣的腧穴，雖與上述腧穴舉例很近，但卻以治療肺、胸、咽喉病癥為主。古代醫(yī)家通過長期觀察、比較和總結(jié)，把主治功效相似的腧穴歸納分類、串聯(lián)而逐步形成經(jīng)絡(luò)的連線。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論3、人體體表反應(yīng)點(diǎn)的總結(jié)；

Thesummaryofthereactivespotstothepathologicalchangesonthehumanbodysurface.

臨床實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)某一臟器發(fā)生病變時(shí)，有些患者在體表相應(yīng)部位可有壓痛、結(jié)節(jié)、皮疹、色澤（Tenderness,nodules,rash,color）改變等異常反應(yīng)經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論循經(jīng)皮膚病

右心經(jīng)皮脂腺痣（先天）左心經(jīng)疣狀痣（先天）右心包經(jīng)疣狀痣（先天）

左心包經(jīng)炎性線狀表皮痣（先天）大腸經(jīng)、肺經(jīng)皮脂腺痣（先天）右肺經(jīng)神經(jīng)性皮炎（后天）

肺經(jīng)疣狀痣（先天）左腎經(jīng)軟痣通過大陰唇，上腹（先天）左腎經(jīng)皮脂腺痣（先天）左腎經(jīng)硬皮?。ê蠼?jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論4、古人解剖、生理學(xué)知識的總結(jié)。Thecollectionoftheknowledgeonanatomyandphysiologyobtainedbytheancientpeople.

《靈樞·經(jīng)水》說：“若夫八尺之土，皮肉在此，外可度量切循而得之，其死可解剖而視之。其藏之堅(jiān)脆，府之大小，谷之多少，脈之長短，血之清濁，氣之多少……皆有大數(shù)?！苯?jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

一、經(jīng)絡(luò)的生理功能：

I.Thephysiologicalfunctionsofmeridiansandcollaterals1、

運(yùn)行氣血、協(xié)調(diào)陰陽

Circulatingqiandblood,balancingyinandyang第三節(jié)：經(jīng)絡(luò)的生理功能及臨床應(yīng)用SectionIII.Thephysiologicalfunctionsandclinicalapplicationsofmeridiansandcollaterals經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“Whenthelungandheartareinvolvedinapathogenicinvasion,thepathogenicqilingersinbothelbows;whentheliverisinvolved,itlingersinbothaxilla;whenthespleenisinvolved,itstaysinbothgroins;whenthekidneyisinvolved,itstaysinbothpoplitealfossa.”------Chapter71inMiraculousPivot

《靈樞·邪客》：“肺心有邪，其氣留于兩肘；肝有邪，其氣留于兩腋；脾有邪，其氣留于兩髀；腎有邪，其氣留于兩腘?！?、

抗御病邪、反映證候Resistingpathogensandreflectingsymptoms經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論3、

傳導(dǎo)感應(yīng)、調(diào)整虛實(shí)Transmittingsensationsandregulatingdeficiencyandexcessconditions.1)《靈樞·根結(jié)》說：“用針之要，在于知調(diào)陰與陽?！?/p>

“Thekeyinacupuncturetreatmentistoknowhowtoregulateyinandyang.”-----Chapter5inMiraculousPivot2)《靈樞·九針十二原》說：“刺之要，氣至而有效”。

“Inacupuncture,thearrivalofqiisessentialtoobtainingtherapeuticeffects.”-----Chapter1inMiraculousPivot經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

1、

說明人體的病理變化

Toexplainthepathologicalchangesofthehumanbody.二、經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說的臨床應(yīng)用：II.Clinicalapplicationofmeridianandcollateraltheory經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

3、

指導(dǎo)針灸臨床治療

Todirecttheclinicaltreatment.2、

指導(dǎo)臨床診斷辨證歸經(jīng)Toguideclinicaldiagnosisanddeterminationoftheaffectedmeridiansintheillness.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中，根據(jù)其分布特點(diǎn)和功能的不同，而分為經(jīng)脈和絡(luò)脈兩大部分。Inaccordancewiththeirdistributionandfunctions,twopartsarecomposedinthemeridianandcollateralsystem,namely,meridiansandcollaterals.第四節(jié)：經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容Section4:Theprincipalcontentofmeridiansandcollaterals經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論絡(luò)脈則包括十五絡(luò)脈和無數(shù)的孫絡(luò)和浮絡(luò)。Inthecollateralpart15collaterals,countlessminutecollateralsandsuperficialcollateralsareincluded.經(jīng)脈中以十二經(jīng)脈為主體，又稱十二正經(jīng)，還有奇經(jīng)八脈、十二經(jīng)別、十二經(jīng)筋和十二皮部。Inthemeridianpartthereare12meridians,alsoknownasthe12regularmeridianswhicharethemajorcomponentofthemeridianpart,8extrameridians,12divergentmeridians,12muscleregionsand12cutaneousregions.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論以下是經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)組成表：Thecomponentsofthemeridianandcollateralsystem經(jīng)脈十二經(jīng)脈（正經(jīng)）奇經(jīng)八脈絡(luò)脈手太陰少陰厥陰陽明太陽少陽足太陰少陰厥陰陽明太陽少陽任脈、督脈沖脈、帶脈、陰蹺脈、陽蹺脈、陰維脈、陽維脈十二經(jīng)別十五絡(luò)脈浮絡(luò)、孫絡(luò)十二經(jīng)筋十二皮部經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論ThecomponentsofthemeridianandcollateralsystemmeridianTwelveregularmeridiansEightextrameridianscollateralhandTaiyinshaoyinjueyinYangmingtaiyangshaoyangfootTaiyinshaoyinjueyinYangmingtaiyangshaoyangDu,RenChong,DaiYinqiao,Yangqiao,Yinwei,YangweiTwelvedivergentmeridiansFifteencollateralsTwelvemuscleregionsTwelvecutaneousregions經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論1、概念Concept:

十二經(jīng)脈即手三陰經(jīng)（肺、心包、心）、手三陽經(jīng)（大腸、三焦、小腸）、足三陽經(jīng)（胃、膽、膀胱）、足三陰經(jīng)（脾、肝、腎）的總稱。

TheTwelveRegularMeridians

refertothethreeyinmeridiansofhand(lung,pericardium,andheart),threeyangmeridiansofhand(largeintestine,TripleEnergizer(Sanjiao)andsmallintestine),threeyangmeridiansoffoot(stomach,gallbladder,bladder),andthreeyinmeridiansoffoot(spleen,liverandkidney).一、十二經(jīng)脈

TheTwelveRegularMeridians

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論The12regularmeridiansarethemajorpartofthemeridianandcollateralsystem,communicatingrespectivelywiththesixZangorgansandsixFuorgans.Zangorganspertaintoyinlinkingwithyinmeridian,whereas,Fuorgansattributetoyanglinkingwithyangmeridians.IntheZang-FutheoryaZangorgan,theinteriorandyinorganismatchedwithaFuorgan,theexteriorandyangorgan,thus,formingayin-yangandinterior-exteriorrelationshipthroughtheconnectionoftheirmeridians.12經(jīng)脈是經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的主體。它們分別與六臟六腑相聯(lián)系。臟屬陰與陰經(jīng)聯(lián)系；腑屬陽與陽經(jīng)聯(lián)系。在臟腑學(xué)說中一腑一臟表里，陽陰相配，故與之相聯(lián)系的經(jīng)脈亦形成陰陽表里關(guān)系。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Forexample,thelargeintestinemeridianismatchedwiththelungmeridian,beingapairoftheexterior-interiorandyin-yangmeridians,sotherestofthefivepairsofmeridiansarematchedinthesameway.如大腸經(jīng)與肺經(jīng)構(gòu)成表里陽陰相配的一對，余此類推，共有六對表里相配的經(jīng)脈。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論1）根據(jù)其起點(diǎn)或止點(diǎn)在手或在足，而被分別叫做手經(jīng)或足經(jīng)。Themeridiansarenamedaccordingtothelocationoftheirbeginningpointortheterminalpointathandorfoot,therefore,knownrespectivelyashandmeridianorfootmeridian.2、十二經(jīng)脈的命名：Nomenclatureofthe12RegularMeridians經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Thenameofthe12meridiansisgivenalsoaccordingtotheaspectofthefourlimbs,namely,yinaspect(medialside)oryangaspect(lateralside),alongwhichrunsthemeridian,therefore,yinandyangmeridiansarenamed,ofwhich3yinmeridiansandthreeyangmeridiansaresubdividedinalimb.2）根據(jù)其循行走四肢的陰面（內(nèi)側(cè)）或陽面（外側(cè)）而被分別叫陰經(jīng)和陽經(jīng)，其中又分為三陰、三陽。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Moreover,the12meridiansarenamedaccordingtotheirconnectingorgans,sohandorfoot(atwheretheirpointbeginsorterminates),yinoryang,ZangorFuarethethreecomponentsinthenomenclatureofthemeridiannames.Forexample,thelungmeridianofhandTaiyin,thelargeintestinemeridianofhandYangming,thespleenmeridianoffootTaiyin,thestomachmeridianoffootYangming,etc.3）根據(jù)其經(jīng)脈所直接連屬的臟或腑的名字而命名，故十二經(jīng)的命名應(yīng)由手、足、陰、陽、臟、腑三部分組成。如手太陰肺經(jīng)、手陽明大腸經(jīng)、足太陰脾經(jīng)、足陽明胃經(jīng)等。經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論手太陰肺經(jīng)LungMeridianofHandTaiyin手陽明大腸經(jīng)LargeIntestineMeridianofHandYangming足陽明胃經(jīng)StomachMeridianofFootYangming足太陰脾經(jīng)SpleenMeridianofFootTaiyin手少陰心經(jīng)

HeartMeridianofHandShaoyin手太陽小腸經(jīng)SmallIntestineMeridianofHandTaiyang足太陽膀胱經(jīng)BladderMeridianofFootTaiyang足少陰腎經(jīng)

KidneyMeridianofFootShaoyin手厥陰心包經(jīng)PericardiumMeridianofHandJueyin手少陽三焦經(jīng)TripleEnergizerMeridianofHandShaoyang足少陽膽經(jīng)GallbladderMeridianofFootShaoyang足厥陰肝經(jīng)

LiverMeridianofFootJueyin十二經(jīng)脈TheTwelveMeridians經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論十四經(jīng)歌訣肺大胃脾心經(jīng)小胱腎包焦膽肝照內(nèi)臟圖經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論十二經(jīng)脈是經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中的主要部分。它們分布在人體一定的部位，且每條經(jīng)脈與六臟六腑之間存在屬、絡(luò)關(guān)系；經(jīng)與絡(luò)之間相互銜接；且存在表里相合的關(guān)系。Thetwelveregularmeridiansarethemajorpartofthemeridianandcollateralsystem.Distributedinthecertainpartofthehumanbodyeach,meridianhasapertainingorganandbearsacommunicatingrelationshipwithoneofthesixZangorgansoroneofthesixFuorgans.Andeachmeridiancommunicateswithacollateralwithwhichaninterior-exteriorrelationshipoftworelevantmeridiansisformed.3、十二經(jīng)脈流注次序TheCyclicFlowoftheTwelveRegularMeridians

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論

手太陰肺經(jīng)

TheLUmeridianofhandTaiyin

手陽明大腸經(jīng)TheLImeridianofhandYangming

足陽明胃經(jīng)TheSTmeridianoffootYangming

足太陰脾經(jīng)

TheSPmeridianoffootTaiyin

手少陰心經(jīng)TheHTmeridianofHandShaoyin

手太陽小腸經(jīng)TheSImeridianofhandTaiyang

足太陽膀胱經(jīng)TheBLmeridianoffootTaiyang

足少陰腎經(jīng)TheKImeridianoffootShaoyin

手厥陰心包經(jīng)ThePCmeridianofhandJueyin

手少陽三焦經(jīng)TheTEmeridianofhandShaoyang

足少陽膽經(jīng)TheGBmeridianoffootShaoyang

足厥陰肝經(jīng)TheLRmeridianoffootJueyin經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論一、十二經(jīng)脈走向規(guī)律十二經(jīng)脈的走向規(guī)律是：手三陰經(jīng)從胸走手，手三陽經(jīng)從手走頭，足三陽經(jīng)從頭走足，足三陰經(jīng)從足走腹（胸）。附：記憶要點(diǎn)十二經(jīng)脈的走向規(guī)律可以簡單地概括為“舉手直立，陰升陽降”。十二經(jīng)脈記憶經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論十二經(jīng)脈的名稱是根據(jù)手足、陰陽、臟腑而確定的①臟腑十二經(jīng)脈與人體六臟六腑有特定的聯(lián)系，這種特定的聯(lián)系用“屬”、“絡(luò)”來表示。其中經(jīng)脈直接聯(lián)系的臟或腑，稱為“屬”，并以此臟或腑來命名該經(jīng)脈；而屬臟或腑的經(jīng)脈又聯(lián)絡(luò)與其相表里的腑或臟，這種聯(lián)絡(luò)稱為“絡(luò)”。如手太陰肺經(jīng)以“肺”命名，表示該經(jīng)屬肺，絡(luò)大腸；手陽明大腸經(jīng)以“大腸”命名，表示該經(jīng)屬大腸，絡(luò)肺。②手足十二經(jīng)脈中，主要分布在上肢的經(jīng)脈，稱為“手……經(jīng)”；主要分布在下肢的經(jīng)脈，稱“足……經(jīng)”。如手太陰肺經(jīng)以“手”命名，表示該經(jīng)主要分布在上肢；足太陰脾經(jīng)以“足”命名，表示該經(jīng)主要分布在下肢。③陰陽首先，根據(jù)陰陽學(xué)說，臟為陰，腑為陽；內(nèi)為陰，外為陽。十二經(jīng)脈中凡屬六腑，分布于上肢或下肢外側(cè)的經(jīng)脈，稱為“陽經(jīng)”；凡屬六臟，分布于上肢或下肢內(nèi)側(cè)的經(jīng)脈，稱為“陰經(jīng)”。其次，根據(jù)陰陽盛衰、消長情況，陰陽再分三陰三陽，即太陰、少陰、厥陰與陽明、少陽、太陽，它們在四肢內(nèi)側(cè)或外側(cè)的排列順序是：太陰、陽明在前，厥陰、少陽在中，少陰、太陽在后。另外，由于“頭為諸陽之會(huì)”，六陽經(jīng)均分布于頭部；足三陽經(jīng)從頭走足，還經(jīng)過軀干部。陽經(jīng)在頭部、軀干部的分布仍遵循陽明在前、少陽在中（側(cè)）、太陽在后。二、十二經(jīng)脈命名規(guī)律經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論手太陰肺經(jīng)循行示意圖ThelungmeridianofhandTaiyinPointsofyangmeridian

Pointsofyinmeridian陽經(jīng)輸穴陰經(jīng)輸穴經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論手陽明大腸經(jīng)循行示意圖ThelargeintestinemeridianofhandYangming經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論足陽明胃經(jīng)循行示意圖ThestomachmeridianoffootYangming經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論足太陰脾經(jīng)循行示意圖ThespleenmeridianoffootTaiyin經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論手少陰心經(jīng)循行示意圖TheheartmeridianofhandShaoyin經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論手太陽小腸經(jīng)循行示意圖ThesmallintestinemeridianofhandTaiyang經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論足太陽膀胱經(jīng)循行示意圖ThebladdermeridianoffootTaiyang經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論足少陰腎經(jīng)循行示意圖ThekidneymeridianoffootShaoyin經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論手厥陰心包經(jīng)循行示意圖ThepericardiummeridianofhandJueyin經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論手少陽三焦經(jīng)循行示意圖TheTE(Sanjiao)meridianofhandShaoyang經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論足少陽膽經(jīng)循行示意圖ThegallbladdermeridianoffootShaoyang經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論足厥陰肝經(jīng)循行示意圖ThelivermeridianoffootJueyin經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論奇經(jīng)八脈，是指與十二經(jīng)脈不同的八條經(jīng)脈，簡稱“奇經(jīng)”。八脈名稱分別說明如下：Theeightextrameridians,differentfromthetwelveregularmeridians,arecalledtheextrameridiansinshort.Theirnomenclatureisexplainedasfollows.二、奇經(jīng)八脈經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論奇經(jīng)八脈EightExtraMeridians督脈GovernorVessel(Du)任脈ConceptionVessel(Ren)沖脈ThoroughfareVessel(Chong)帶脈BeltVessel(Dai)陽蹺脈YangHeelVessel(Yangqiao)陰蹺脈YinHeelVessel(Yinqiao)陽維脈YangLinkVessel(Yangwei)陰維脈YinLinkVessel(Yinwei)經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“督”，有督率的意思，因這條經(jīng)脈循行于背部正中，督率諸陽經(jīng)。Dumeansgoverning.Runningalongthemidlineoftheback,theDu（GovernorVessel）Meridiangovernsalltheyangmeridians.1、督脈Du（GovernorVessel）Meridian

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論督脈-陽脈之海GovernorVessel(DuMeridian)------theSeaoftheyangmeridians經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“任”，有妊養(yǎng)、擔(dān)任的意義，因這條經(jīng)脈循行于腹部正中，有總?cè)稳黻幗?jīng)的作用。Renmeansfosteringandresponsibility.Goingalongthemidlineoftheabdomen,theRen（ConceptionVessel）Meridianisresponsibleforalltheyinmeridians.

2、任脈RenMeridian（ConceptionVessel）經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論任脈-陰脈之海ConceptionVessel(RenMeridian)–---theSeaoftheyinmeridians經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“沖”，意指要沖(交通要道)，因這條經(jīng)脈主通行十二經(jīng)之氣血，稱為“十二經(jīng)脈之?！?。Chongmeansavitalpass.Atitregulatestheflowofqiandbloodinthetwelveregularmeridians,theChongMeridianiscalled“theseaofthetwelveprimarymeridians.”

3、沖脈

ChongMeridian(ThoroughfareVessel)經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“帶”，意指腰帶，因這條經(jīng)脈橫于腰腹，主約束諸經(jīng)。Daimeansagirdle.TheDaiMeridiangoesaroundthewaist,bindingupallthemeridians.

4、帶脈DaiMeridian（BeltVessle）經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“蹺”，是足跟的意思，其起于外踝下者稱陽蹺，起于內(nèi)踝下者稱陰蹺。Qiaomeanstheheel.YangqiaoMeridianstartsfrombelowtheexternalmalleolus;YinqiaoMeridianstartsfrombelowtheinternalmalleolus.5、陽蹺脈YangqiaoMeridian

6、陰蹺脈YinqiaoMeridian經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論“維”，是網(wǎng)維和維系的意思，陽維主網(wǎng)維、聯(lián)絡(luò)一身在表之陽；陰維主維系、聯(lián)絡(luò)一身在里之陰。Weidenotesconnectionandnetwork.TheYangweiMeridianconnectsandnetworkstheexterioryangofthewholebody；theYinweiMeridianconnectsandnetworkstheinterioryinofthewholebody.7、陽維脈YangweiMeridian

8、陰維脈YinweiMeridian

經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Branchoutfromthetwelveregularmeridians.Mainlydistributedonthechest,abdomenandhead.Function:connectinternally-exterallyrelatedmeridiansstrengthentheirrelationwiththezang-fuorgansserveastheextensionofregularmeridians三、十二經(jīng)別Thetwelvedivergentmerdiains經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Derivefromtheregularmeridiansattheregionsoffourlimbs;Enterthethoracicandabdominalcavities;TheYinandYangdivergentmeridiansrunparallellyinsidethebodyandemergefromtheneck;Intheheadregion,theYindivergentmeridiansconnecttheYangdivergentmeridiansandthenjointheregularYangmeridians.Distribution:經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Thetwelvedivergentmeridianscanbepairedintosixconfluencesaccordingtotheirinternalandexternalrelationship.Mainlyrundeeperinthebody,supplementthepathwaythattheregularmeridiansdonotreach.Therearenopointslocatedonthem.Key:經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Thefifteencollateralsinclude:thetwelvecollateralsseparatingfromthetwelveregularmeridiansthecollateralsoftheRenthecollateralsoftheDuthemajorcollateralofthespleenFunction:Theirfunctionistoconnecttheexternally-internallyrelatedmeridiansandtransportthelocalqiandbloodsoastopromotethefreecirculationofqiandbloodofthemeridians.四、十五絡(luò)脈Thefifteencollaterals經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Thefifteencollateralsdistributedsuperficiallyoverthefourlimbsandintheanterior,posteriorandlateralaspectsofthebody.EachofthecollateralshasaLuo-Connectingpoint,pertainingtothemeridianwhereitderives.Thecollateralsonthefourlimbsnotonlyruntotheexternally-internallyrelatedmeridiansbutalsopossessothertributaries.Distribution:經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論collateralsonthetrunkcollateraloftheRenmeridiancollateraloftheDumeridianthemajorcollateralofthespleendisperseintheabdominalregiondispersesintheheadandjointswiththeBladdermeridianonthebackdispersesinthechestandhypochondrium經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Besidesthefifteencollaterals,therearemanysmallerbranchesandsubbrancheswhicharecalledMinuteCollateralsandSuperficialCollateralsrespectively.Theyaredistributedalloverthebody,possessingthefunctionoftransportingqiandbloodtothebodysurface.MinuteCollateralsand（浮絡(luò)）

SuperficialCollaterals（孫絡(luò)）經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Themuscleregionsarethesiteswheretheqiandbloodofthemeridiansnourishthemusclesandtendons.Similartothetwelveregularmeridians,theyarealsodividedintothreehandyinandthreehandyang,threefootyinandthreefootyang.Theypossessthefunctionofconnectingallthebonesandjointsofthebodyandmaintainingthenormalrangeofmotion.五、十二經(jīng)筋Thetwelvemuscleregions經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Originatingfromtheextremitiesofthelimbs.Ascendingtotheheadandtrunk.Donotreachzangandfuorgans.Distributionofthemuscleregions:經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論MuscleregionsDistributionConnectionThreeyangofthefootTheanterior,lateralandposterioraspectsofthetrunkeyesThreeyinofthefootThemedialaspectsofthelowerlimbsGenitalregionThreeyangofthehandThelateralaspectsoftheupperlimbsandheadAngleoftheforeheadThreeyinofthehandThemedialaspectsoftheupperlimbsThoraciccavity經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)總學(xué)理論Inthetreatmentofdiseases,theMuscleRegionsaremainlyindicatedinmuscularprob