OnthetechnologyandapplicationofourcountryagriculturemachineryautomationinChineseandEnglish.在我國常見的農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化的應用 當今各國都在大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化的研究,,許多成果已經(jīng)達到實用化的階段,下面 主要介紹我國自動化的應用現(xiàn)狀。ResearchofapplicationinChina,1commonagriculturalmachineryautomationnowadaysallthecountriesinthedevelopmentofagriculturalmachineryautomation,manyachievementshavereachedthepracticalstage,thefollowingintroducestheapplicationstatusofChina'sautomation.1.1我國現(xiàn)已裝置的農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化 我國目前已經(jīng)裝備的農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化技術主要是提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械在作業(yè)性能和操作性能。Agriculturalmachineryautomationtechnologyhasequipmentofagriculturalmachineryautomation1.1Chinahasdeviceinourcountrymainlyistoimprovetheagriculturalmachineryintheoperationperformanceandoperationperformance.以下介紹一些在已經(jīng)使用的自動Thefollowingaresomethathavebeenusedinautomatic化裝置和正在研制的裝置。Apparatusandequipmentaredeveloping.1)拖拉機。在農(nóng)業(yè)領域中拖拉機是應用最為廣泛的接卸裝置 ,現(xiàn)已廣泛裝置了機械油壓式三點連接控制系統(tǒng)。目前又開辟出了性能更為優(yōu)越更完善的電子油壓式三點連接控制系統(tǒng)。新的系統(tǒng)主要是改善機械油壓式三點連接裝置,才用了微機或者電磁操作控制閥和心閥來提高位調(diào)節(jié)和力調(diào)節(jié)的控制水平。水平控制系統(tǒng)可以減去拖拉機在不平衡路面上引起的擺布輪胎不平的影響,使旋耕機保持水平等。新型的拖拉機速度控制系統(tǒng)可以自動的設置機器的運轉速度,可以有效的調(diào)節(jié)機器的速度以適應不同的作業(yè)環(huán)境,從而提高工作效率。1)tractor.Inthefieldofagriculturetractorunloadingdeviceisthemostwidelyused,isnowwidelydeviceofmechanicalhydraulictypethreeisconnectedwiththecontrolsystem.Atpresent,hasdevelopedamoresuperiorperformancemoreperfectelectronichydraulicpressurethreeconnectioncontrolsystem.Thenewsystemismainlytoimprovethemechanicalhydraulictypethreeconnectingdevice,onlywiththelevelofcontrolmicrocomputerorelectromagneticcontrolvalveandthevalvetoimprovethepositioncontrolandforcecontrol.Levelcontrolsystemcansubtracttractorintheinfluenceofimbalancecausedbytyreroadoruneven,sokeeplevelrotarycultivator.Thenewtractorspeedcontrolsystemcanautomaticallysetthemachinerunningspeed,canadjustthespeedofthemachinetoadapttodifferentworkenvironment,whichcanimprovetheworkefficiency.2)施肥播種機。根據(jù)機器行使的速度來檢測撒播的種子或者給料來確定播種量是否符合播種要求的裝置。2)fertilizationseeder.Accordingtothemachinespeedtodetecttheexercisesowseedorfeedtodeterminetheseedingquantityisinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthedeviceofsowing.3)移栽機。大蒜移栽機的運用,棉花移栽機目前也在新疆大規(guī)模的推廣使用,辣椒移栽機等裝置大大提高了工作效率。3)transplantingmachine.Useofgarlictransplantingmachine,cottontransplanterisalsoinXinjiangpromotetheuseoflargescale,peppertransplantingmachinedevicegreatlyimprovestheworkefficiency.4)插秧機。插秧機在轉彎時自動減速和機體的水平控制裝置等著。4)ricetransplanter.Levelcontroldevicefortransplantingmachineautomaticdecelerationduringcorneringandbodywith.5)噴霧機。自動根據(jù)農(nóng)作物的高度控制噴灑物的高度裝置 ,根據(jù)噴灑對象的大小自動調(diào)節(jié)噴霧量的裝置等。5)sprayingmachine.Automaticallyaccordingtotheheightofthedevicetocontroltheheightofcropsprayingmaterial,accordingtoautomaticallyadjusttheamountofspraysprayobjectthesizeofthedevice.6)聯(lián)合收割機。自動控制割茬高度的裝置,自動控制脫粒機的喂入量裝置,根據(jù)農(nóng)作物的生長情況自動調(diào)節(jié)行進速度裝置等。6)combineharvester.Automaticcontrolofstubbleheightofthedevice,theautomaticcontrolofthethreshingmachinefeedingdevice,accordingtothegrowthofcropsautomaticregulatingspeedunit.微灌自動控制技術。Automaticcontroltechnologyofthe2irrigation.在農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉技術方面,我國研制和改進了微噴灌設備,微灌帶,和旋轉式微噴頭等設備,并根據(jù)我國的國情總結出了一套微灌溉設計參數(shù)和計算方法。在國內(nèi)建立了一批試驗田。在一些地區(qū)徹底實現(xiàn)了自動化的灌溉系統(tǒng),可以長期地自動啟閉水泵和自動按一定的輪灌順序 進行灌溉。這種灌溉系統(tǒng)中應用了灌水器、土壤水分傳感器、溫度傳感器、壓力傳感器、水位傳感器和雨量傳感器等。Intheagriculturalirrigationtechnology,China'sdevelopmentandimprovementofthemicrosprinklerirrigationequipment,irrigation,andtherotarymicronozzlesandotherequipment,andaccordingtothesituationofourcountryandsummarizesasetofmicroirrigationdesignparametersandcalculationmethod.Theestablishmentofanumberofexperimentalfield.Insomeareas,thefullrealizationoftheautomationofirrigationsystem,canlongtimetoautomaticallyopenandclosethewaterpumpandtheautomaticaccordingtocertainirrigationsequenceforirrigation.Thistypeofirrigationsystemintheapplicationoftheemitter,soilmoisturesensor,temperaturesensor,pressuresensor,waterlevelsensorsandrainfallsensor.自動控制技術在精準農(nóng)業(yè)中的應用。Applicationof3automaticcontroltechnologyinprecisionagriculture.現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)正在向著精準農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,精準農(nóng)業(yè)是在信息技術的支持下根據(jù)空間變異,利用GPS定位,按時按量的實行農(nóng)業(yè)操作和管理。精準農(nóng)業(yè)主要是根據(jù)農(nóng)作物的生存土壤狀況,調(diào)節(jié)對農(nóng)作物的投入,他一方面需要查清田地內(nèi)的土壤性狀和生產(chǎn)力空間的變異,一方面確定農(nóng)作物的生產(chǎn)目標,進行定位的科學管理,最優(yōu)化的方案調(diào)動土壤生產(chǎn)能力,用至少的的投入達到最大的收益化,而且還可以改善環(huán)境,高效地利用各類農(nóng)業(yè)資源美國竹柳,這樣可以取的經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境效益的雙重收入。Nowagricultureistowardthedevelopmentofprecisionagriculture,precisionagricultureissupportedbyinformationtechnologybasedonthespatialvariation,byusingGPS,theamountoftimetocarryoutagriculturaloperationandmanagement.Precisionagricultureisbasedmainlyonthesurvivalsoilconditions,crop,regulationofcropinputs,ononehandheneedstofindoutthevariationofsoilpropertiesandproductivityoflandwithinthespace,adeterminationofcropproductiontargetpositioning,scientificmanagement,optimizationproposaltomobilizesoilproductivity,achievethemaximumreturnwithminimumtheinvestment,butalsocanimprovetheenvironment,efficientuseofagriculturalresources,doubleincomethatcantaketheeconomicbenefitsandenvironmentalbenefits.精準農(nóng)業(yè)是有十多個復雜的系統(tǒng)組成的 ,即網(wǎng)絡化管理系統(tǒng),農(nóng)業(yè)專家系統(tǒng),農(nóng)田地理信息系統(tǒng)等組成,其核心是建立一個健全完善的農(nóng)田地理信息系統(tǒng)?？梢哉f是現(xiàn)代信息技術和農(nóng)業(yè)結合的一種新型農(nóng)業(yè)。精準農(nóng)業(yè)強調(diào)的是農(nóng)業(yè)收獲效益,而不是過分強調(diào)的高產(chǎn)。精準農(nóng)業(yè)將農(nóng)業(yè)帶入了信息化和數(shù)字時代,是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要方向。Precisionagricultureiscomposedofmorethan10complexsystem,namelythenetworkmanagementsystem,agriculturalexpertsystem,composedofFarmlandGeographicinformationsystem,itscoreistheestablishmentofaperfectFarmlandGeographicInformationsystem.Canbesaidtobeanewtypeofagricultureandagriculturewithmoderninformationtechnology.Emphasisonprecisionagricultureisagriculturaleconomicbenefits,butnottoomuchemphasisonthehighyield.Precisionagricultureagricultureintoinformationanddigitalera,isanimportantdirectionofagriculturaldevelopment.傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展在很大程度上依賴于生物遺傳育種技術,以及化肥、農(nóng)藥、礦物能源、機械動力等投入的大量增加而實現(xiàn)。由于化學物質的過量投入引起生態(tài)環(huán)境和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量下降,高能耗的管理方式導致農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益低下 ,資源日顯短缺,在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際市場競爭日益激烈的時代,這種管理模式顯然不能適應農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要。Thedevelopmentoftraditionalagriculturelargelyreliesonthetechnologyofbiologicalgeneticbreeding,aswellasalargenumberofchemicalfertilizer,pesticide,mineralenergy,mechanicalpowerandtheincreaseofinputandrealization.Duetoexcessiveinputsofchemicalsubstancescausethedeclineofecologicalenvironmentandthequalityofagriculturalproducts,highenergyconsumptionmanagementmodeleadstotheagriculturalproductionefficiencyislow,resourcesshortage,inthecompetitionofagriculturalproductsintheinternationalmarketincreasinglycompetitiveera,thiskindofmanagementpatternobviouslycannotmeettheneedofagriculturalsustainabledevelopment.農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化的必要性Thenecessityof4agriculturalmachineryautomation4.1解決農(nóng)村勞力不足問題Tosolvetheproblemoftheshortageoflaborforceinruralareas4.1當今社會經(jīng)濟全球化,信息透明化,社會變的越來越精彩,對人們的吸引力也越來越大,令無數(shù)的農(nóng)村的青壯年憧憬,造成大量的農(nóng)村勞動力離開農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。農(nóng)村有知識有文化的大學生由于在學習的過程中就被城市生活吸引也偏愛經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)和城市的機關或者企業(yè)。很少有人回到農(nóng)村和僻靜的山村。這就造成為了我國基層農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的減少和農(nóng)業(yè)人材的流失。此外,我國人口老齡化問題也日益嚴重,一些地區(qū)相繼進入老齡化社會,這些問題導致了農(nóng)村人口結構的變化,農(nóng)村剩余大量的老弱病殘等人,上述這些問題導致農(nóng)村人口結構的變化 ,從而將在更大程度上產(chǎn)生對農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化的需求,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)土工膜生產(chǎn)的自動化是必然的。 Intoday'seconomicglobalization,transparencyofinformation,thesocietybecomesmoreandmoreexciting,attractiveforcetopeopleisalsomoreandmorebig,makecountlessruralyoungpeopleaspireto,resultinginalargenumberofrurallaboroutofagricultureproduction.Ruralknowledgestudentsbecauseintheprocessoflearningisalsoprefercitylifeattracteconomicallydevelopedareasandthecityauthoritiesorenterprises.Fewpeoplebacktothevillageofruralandremote.Thiscausedtheagriculturallaborofourcountryagricultureisreducedandthelossoftalent.Inaddition,theproblemofagingpopulationinChinaisbecomingmoreandmoreserious,someareashaveenteredtheagingsociety,theseproblemsledtothechangeinruralpopulation,ruralsurpluslargeLaoruobingcanetal.,theseproblemsleadtothechangeoftheruralpopulationstructure,whichwillproducetotheautomationofagriculturalmachinerydemandtoagreaterextent,realizeautomationofagriculturalproductionisinevitable.4.2社會進步的需求4.2,thesocialprogressdemands隨著社會的進步,科技的發(fā)展,人們的觀念正逐漸發(fā)生著變化,現(xiàn)在人們已再也不滿足于溫飽問題,而是對生活提出了更高的要求,向著更營養(yǎng),高品質的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品。從事農(nóng)業(yè)的勞動者也對勞動生產(chǎn)率和和勞動的舒適性提出更高的要求。伴有著全球一體化,中國加入WTO,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品也面臨著開放進口和全球的市場競爭壓力雙重壓力,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中惟獨提高勞動生產(chǎn)率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高產(chǎn)品質量才干在競爭中立于不敗之地復合土工膜。從這些新的需求看農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)必向著高效,高精度的機械自動化發(fā)展。Alongwiththeprogressofthesociety,thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,people'sconceptisgraduallychanging,nowpeoplearenolongersatisfiedwiththeproblemoffoodandclothing,butalsoputforwardhigherrequirementsforlife,morenutrition,agriculturalproductquality.Agriculturalworkersalsoputforwardhigherrequirementsonlaborproductivityandlaborcomfort.Alongwiththeglobalintegration,China'saccessiontotheWTO,agriculturalproductsarefacingmarketcompetitionpressuretoopentheimportandglobal,onlyimprovelaborproductivityinagriculturalproduction,reduceproductioncosts,improveproductqualitytoremaininvincibleinthecompetition.Agriculturalproductionwillbetowardhighefficiencyfromthesenewrequirements,thedevelopmentofhighprecisionmachineryautomation.5結論5knottheory農(nóng)業(yè)機械化不論在過去還是現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)中都但當著主角,隨著社會的發(fā)展,人們已不滿足以前的農(nóng)業(yè)機械看,對農(nóng)業(yè)機械又提出了新的要求,即實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機械的自動化。農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化不僅能提高農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)的效率,節(jié)約能源,降低在農(nóng)業(yè)中的投資,還能提高產(chǎn)品的品質,增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的競爭力。農(nóng)業(yè)機械自動化的實施勢必是未來農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中的核心作用。但是,推動和實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的機械自動化是機械自動化技術工作者面HDPE土工膜臨的課題和挑戰(zhàn)。隨著現(xiàn)在科技技術的發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的機械部份自動化轉向無人操作的自動化。AgriculturalMechanizationinagricultureinthepastornowbutwhenleadingrole,withthedevelopmentofsociety,peoplehavenotsatisfiedtheagriculturalmachinerybefore,butalsoputsforwardnewrequirementsforagriculturalmachinery,namely,torealizetheautomationofagriculturalmachinery.Agriculturalmachineryautomationcannotonlyimprovetheefficiencyofagriculturalproduction,saveenergy,reducetheinvestment