KeytoUnit1PartIVPracticingListeningTask1:ListentoanexcerptfromtheTEDtalk“TheSingleBiggestReasonWhyStart-upsSucceed”byBillGrossandcompletethefollowingexercises.1.ListentothematerialONCEandfilleachblankwithNOMORETHANFOURwords.(1)whatfactorsactuallymatter(2)incentives(3)unlockhumanpotential(4)whatactuallymatters(5)systematic(6)instincts(7)misperceptions(8)I’vebeenstartingbusinesses(9)solarenergydevices(10)triedtolookacross2.Listenagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatisthestructureofthisintroduction?a)Aseriesofquestionsasastartertoarousecuriosityoftheaudience.b)Hisownpersonalhistoryasanaturaltransitiontohiscurrenttopic.2)Howdidthespeakerconnecthisstarterwithhispersonalhistory?Hedescribedhispersonalhistoryasananswertohispreviousquestion—whyhewantedtofindoutwhatactuallymatteredmostforstartupsuccess.3)Whydidthespeakermentionhisyearsofexperienceinthisfield?Hewantedtoprovehisexpertisetohisaudience.4)CanyouguesswhatkindofpositionthespeakerheldinhisfieldwithoutcheckingtheInternet?Ifyoudon’tknowthispersonstill,checkabouttheanswerontheInternet.Nowcanyoutellwhydidn’thegivehisself-introductionrightatthebeginning?BillGrossisalegendarybondinvestorwhofoundedPacificInvestmentManagementCompany(PIMCO),thelargestbondfundintheworldin2014.Heisnotablyknownintheinvestmentworldasthekingofbonds.Task2:Listentoanexcerptfromthemini-lecture“HowtoUseHumorinaSpeechOpening”byAlexLyonandcompletethefollowingexercises.Thencomparetheanswersinpairs.ListentothematerialONCEandfilleachblankwithNOMORETHANTHREEwords.withajoke(2)critical(3)doesnotrecommend(4)usinglightheartedhumor(5)addhumor2.Listenagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.1)WhatisthestructureofthisintroductionpartofAlex’sspeech?Astarter—adescriptionofhimself—atransitiontothemaintalk.2)HowmanysentencesdidAlexusetodescribehimself?Whatisthepurposeofthesesentences?Threesentences.Theyareusedtointroducethespeaker’sname,thenameofhisprogram,andtheaimofhisprogram,whichis“tohelpyouincreaseyourimpactandleadyourteamstohigherlevelsofexcellence.”3.WritedowntheexpressionsAlexusedtotransithisopeningtothemaintalk.Histransition:Alotofbadadviceoutthereinmyhumbleopinionabouttellingjokesasattentiongrabbers.Task3:Watchthebeginningpartofthelecture“ThePerfectDefense:theOralDefenseofaDissertation”byDr.ValerieBalesterandchoosetheTWOrightanswerstoeachofthefollowingquestions.AC2.BCPartVIIExercisesTask1:Watchthecompletemini-lecture“Howtousehumorinaspeechopening”byAlexLyonandfinishthefollowingexercises.WatchthevideoONCEandtakedownnoteswiththeform.Thenwatchagaintocheckyouranswers.ThreeEasyWaystoAddHumorandGrabAttentionQuotesomebodyfunny.Whatyouaredoingisdrawingothers’attentiontowhatthatotherpersonsaid,andittakestheattentionoffofyouasthejoke-teller.Bothyouandyouraudiencefocusonthatlittleline,andifitbombs,andthat’snotreallyonyou.Tellalightheartedstory.Ifyouaddacertaingoaltothepeopleinyourstory,yourstorybecomehumorousbecausetheobstaclesalongthewaypreventthemfromreachingthatgoal.Showafunnyvisual.Forexample,acutepicture,ajoke.Itisalow-riskway.Restatementofhismainidea:100%againsttellingyourownjokes,and100%infavoroflight-heartedhumor.Task2:Watchtheself-introductionbyDr.BeckydaCruzatArmstrongStateUniversityandcompletetheexercises.WatchthevideoONCEandcompletethedetailsofthefollowingnotes.HereducationbackgroundBachelorofArtsinPoliticalScienceAdegreeinLawAPh.D.inHumanServiceswithaspecializationinCriminalJusticeHerworkexperienceBeganteachingpart-timein1996,fulltimein1998BeganteachingatArmstrongin2003.Startedteachingonlinecoursesin2001Workedintheprosecutor’soffice,inthecriminalfieldPracticedlawonthecivilsideHergoalinteachingthiscourseTomakeitanintegrativelearningprocessinordertostimulatestudentinterestinthesubjectivematter.HowwillsheachievethisShedoesthisbyexposingstudentstoavarietyoflearningmodalities,e.g.,reading,writing,videos,debates,andappliedexercises.Thegoalistoimmersethestudentsintothematerialtoseehowitimpactstheirlives.WhomightbeinterestedinthecourseStudentswholikestudyingabroad;Studentsinterestedinpractisinglaw:Itisthebestwaytopreparefortherigorouslawschool.HerpromiseasateacherShewillhelpthestudentsalongthewaybothinthiscourseandastheymovethroughtheirtimehereinArmstrong.HercontactdetailsHeremail,telephone,office,andthebesttimetoreachher.Apartfromhelpingotherstoknowher,whatcouldbetheotherpurposeforDr.daCruztoincludethesedetailsaboutherselfandhercourse?Herotherpurposecouldbetoattractmorestudentstoapplyforheronlinecourse.Task3:WatchthebeginningofaPh.D.dissertationdefensebyFaizanShafiqueinMichiganStateUniversityandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhatisthestructureofthebeginningofDr.Shafique’sdefense?Greetings—acknowledgement—self-introduction—transitiontothemajorpartWhydidheincludeamodifiedgrouppictureofhiscommitteemembersandhimselfinhisacknowledgement?Hedidittoexpresshisthanksandrespectforthem,becausetheywerehis“superheroes”.Andthispicturealsoshowshissenseofhumor.Whatdidheincludeinhisself-introduction?Whatwashisfocusandwhy?Heincludedhishometown,hiseducationbackground,certificationsandaccreditations,workexperience,andhispublications.Hisfocuswashisachievements,whichshowedhisexpertiseinhisfield.Task4:Sometimesyouneedtointroduceyourselfwhenyouminglewithotherscholarsataconferenceorinsomeotheracademicornon-academicsettings.Shouldyoudoitformallyorinformally?Whatarethedifferencesincontentandinlanguage?Listentoamini-lectureentitled“IntroduceYourselfinEnglishwithEase”andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatdecideswhetheryoushouldchooseaformalstyleoraninformalonewhendoingself-introductions?Yourcontextsandaudienceisextremelyimportantindecidingwhetheryouneedtouseformalorinformallanguage.Task5:Whenyouareapplyingforanewjobintheresearchfield,yousometimesneedtointroduceyourpersonaldetails.WatchthevideoofTingHu,aChinesescholar,andcompletethefollowingexercises.Watchthematerialonceandtakenotesofthepersonaldetailsthescholarhascoveredinheranswertothequestions.Herareaofexpertise,thereasontoapplyforthisposition,herresearchinterests,howherresearchhaschangedovertime,whatshelikesmostaboutherresearch,otherinterestsandhobbies.Whydoyouthinktheschoolasksaboutherstandardofchoosingagraduatestudent?Whatareherstandards?Becauseifthescholarisadmittedasafaculty,shewillalsosupervisegraduatestudents.Shethinksthatthemostimportantqualityinagraduatestudentistobereallypassionateaboutscienceandresearch,tobeabletoworkreallyhardonit,toenjoylearningnewskillsandsolvingproblemsandmakethisherlife-longcareer.Anotherqualityisgoodself-managementintermsofbothtimeandemotion.Thegraduatestudentneedstohavegoodplansandbemoreefficient.Shealsoneedstobepersistentandbeabletomakethrough.3.Whatisyourareaofexpertise?WhatbroughtyoutoQueen’sschoolofComputing?Whatareyourresearchinterests?Wheredoyouseeyourfieldofresearchgoinginthenext10years?Howhasyourresearchchangedovertime?Whatdoyoulookforinagraduatestudent?Whydoyouthinkpeopleshouldstudycomputingandwhatcantheyexpectwhentheydo?Whatdoyoulikemostaboutcomputing?Whatareasoutsideofcomputinginterestyou?Whatareyourhobbies?KeytoUnit2PartIVPracticingListeningTask1:Thisvideotellsyouhowtotalkaboutyourresearchtoothers.WatchthevideoTWICE,andanswerthequestions.Whatisanelevatorpitch?Anelevatorpitchistotellwhoyouareandyourexpertisequicklyandeffectively.It’ssimplyasynopsis.Itisyourresearchstory.Whatarethethingstoconsiderasyouplanyourpitch?Youneedtointroduceyourself.Youneedtoshareyourresearchconcept,andyouneedtobeflexibleandadaptyourpitchtosuityouraudience.Whatarethepotentialpitfalls?Becarefulofspeakingtooquickly.It’salsoeasytostarttoramble.Keepyourpitchfocusedandspecific.Keepinflectionsinyourvoice.Monotoneisneverfunforanyonetolistento,andcanmakeithardtofollowyourthroughline.Whatarethetwoimportantthingstoconsiderasyoufinalizeyourresearchstory?Whatmakesyourstoryrelatableandwhatdrewyoutoyourresearch.Task2:Inthisvideo,IngomarKrohndescribeshisPhDstudyatWBS.WatchthevideoONCE,andanswerthefollowingquestions.WhatresearchareaisIngomarKrohninterestedin?Why?Finance.Becausetheenvironmentisconstantlychanging.Inthefinancialcrisis,suddenlyeverythingweknewappearsnottoholdanymore,andwehavetorethinkourtheories.Wegetnewdata,andweareabletotestournewtheories.WhatisIngomarKrohn’splanafterhisPhD?AfterhisPhD,heplanstostayinacademia,toworkforanotherworldleadinginstitution,toconductresearchininternationalfinance.Watchthevideoagain,andfillineachblankwithnomorethantwowords.1）research 2)microeconomics 3)corporatefinance 4)criticism5)difficulties 6)achievements Task3:Thevideotitled“APassionforResearch,aPassionforLife”introducesChristineMetz,PhD,whohasdedicatedherlifetofindingnewwaystoimprovethelivesofothers.WatchthevideoONCE,andanswerthefollowingquestions.Whoisthespeakerandwhatinstitutedoessheworkfor?She’saninvestigatoratFeinsteinInstituteforMedicalResearchandthedirectoroftheresearchprogramfocusedonOBGYNresearch.WhatmotivatedDr.Metztodoresearch?Shehadaninsatiablecuriosityasachild.Whenshegrewup,herfatherhadsufferedfromdiverticulitisandthedoctorsaidthatherfatherhada50-50chanceofsurviving.Itwasthefirsttimethatshereallyunderstooddoctorsdon’thavealltheanswers.Thismotivatedhertodosomethingmore.AccordingtoDr.Metz,whatisthefunaspectofscience,andwhatistheultimategoal?There’snotwodaysalikeinscience,andthat’sthereallyfunaspect.Theultimategoalistoimprovehumanhealth.Theynotonlyhelpasingle,buthelpmanypeoplewiththesamecondition,andhelpalloftheirfamilies.Watchthevideoagain,andfillineachblankwithnomorethanfourwords.(1)patient-oriented(2)treatinghumandisease(3)pregnancyandpregnancyoutcomes(4)developingfetusPartVPracticingSpeakingTask1:WatchaclipinwhichProfessorHelenAbbott(DepartmentofModernLanguages)discusseshercurrentresearchattheUniversityofBirmingham.Thenretellherresearchinterest.(suggestedretelling)ProfessorHelenAbbottspecializesinthelanguageofFrenchandinparticular,19th-centuryFrenchpoetry.Shefocusesonhowweperformpoetry,exploringthesocialandculturalaspectsintherelationshipbetweenpoetry,musicandthehumanvoice.PartVIIExercisesTask1:Inthisvideo,Tiffanyintroducesherresearchinternships.WatchthevideoONCE,andwritedownthetworeasonsgivenbyTiffanywhystudentsshoulddoresearchincollege.First,bydoingresearch,youmaketheworldasmarterandbetterplace.Second,researchallowsyoutotestdrivepotentialmajorsandcareerdirections.2. Tiffanyhasbeentomanyplacesovertheworldandhadquiteafewresearchinternships.Matchtheplaceswithherresearchareas.1)b2)c3)aWatchthevideoagain,andfillintheblankswiththeinformationyouhear.InamarinesciencelabIusedsatellitedatatoanalyzeglobalfishingpatternsinmarineprotectedareas.Marineprotectedareasareprotectedsectionsoftheocean.TheresearchIdidthatsummerendeduppublishingapaperandwilleventuallyhelpinformpolicyonhowmarineprotectedareasarecreated.SotheworkIdidthatonesummerasacollegestudentwillhelpconservetheocean.InabiopsychologylabWewerestudyinghowbeinginnatureaffectedyourmentalhealth.ThisconnectedthetwofieldsthatIwasinterestedin,biologyandpsychology.Thiswasmyfirstresearchexperience,andIlearnedthatIreallylikedresearchandwantedtocontinuedoingit.IalsorealizedthatIwantedtodosomethingalittlemorecomputationalfocused.Thisfindingeventuallyhelpedmedecideonmajoringincomputerscience.Task2:Inthisvideo,SimonClarkdescribeshowhechosehisresearchfield.1. WatchthevideoTWICE,andcompletethedetailsinthenotes.WhenhewasakidHewassuperinterestedinscience,specificallybiology.Hewassuperintoenvironment.Hewasawareoftheissuesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Hewasdeterminedtodosomethingrelatedtothat.WhenhewenttoschoolHerealizedthatthecoolstuffwasinphysics.Hedecidedtodedicatehimselftothebighopeforthefuture—nuclearfusion.WhenhegottouniversityHelostinterestintheareaofnuclearfusion.Hefellinlovewiththeareaoffluids,flowsandcomplexity.Hefoundhisfocusagainbecauseitconnectsbacktoclimate,backtotherealworld.Thissubjectcombinestwothingshewasreallyinterestedin,physicsandanalyticallydescribingthings&therealworldandthebiosphere.DiscusswithyourpartneronthemessageyougetfromSimonClark’sexperienceinfindingtheresearchinterest.Forexample,itwouldbebetterifyougetexposedtoasmanysub-fieldsasyoucan.Youshouldtrustyourgutinstinct.Youcanchoosearesearchareathatbalancesyourpersonalinterestswiththeresourcesyouhaveaccessto.Task3:Here’sanexcerptfromaTEDtalkgivenbyProfessorAllenChanonhowhebegantopursueacareerinscientificresearch.WatchthevideoONCE,andchoosetherightanswerstothefollowingquestions.1)C2)A2. Watchthevideoagain,andfillintheblanksinthefollowingparagraphwhichexplainstheclinicalbenefitsbroughtbythisdiscovery.(1)prenataltesting(2)pregnantwoman(3)needle(4)scary(5)riskofmiscarriage(6)extracttheDNATask4:YourPhDinterviewwillbeanimportantpartofyourpostgraduateresearchapplication.Thisisyourchancetomeetyourprospectivedepartment,talkaboutyourresearchinterestandexperience,andshowyourpotentialasanacademicresearcher.ThisvideogivessuggestedanswerstosomeofthepossiblePhDinterviewquestions.WatchthevideoONCE,andtakenotesontheadvicegivenbythespeaker.QuestionAdviceCouldyoupleasetellusaboutyourself?Showyourpersonality.Linktoyouracademicside.Talkaboutyourbackground.WhydoyouwanttodoaPhD?Saythatyouenjoythistopic.Saythatyouwanttolearnmoreaboutit,andstudyitinmoredepth.Saythatyouarecommitted.WhyhaveyouchosenthatparticularPhDproject?Talkaboutwhatthatlabcanofferandtheothergroupsmightnothave.Talkaboutwhatthatlabhaspublished,whichalignswithwhatyouareinterestedin.Talkaboutwhatmethodsandequipmentthatlabhas.Whyareyoutherightcandidate?Talkaboutwhatresearchandexperienceyou’vedone.Talkaboutwhatyoucanbringtothatlab,e.g.somestatisticaltechniques,abilitytodosomecoding,touseaparticularsoftwareoraparticularmachine.Talkaboutyourpassionsandexcitementforthatparticularresearchproject.Talkaboutanygradesthatarereallyhighinsignificance.Talkaboutanyawardsforbeingthetop.Saythatyou’repassionate,abletolearn,andhavethedeterminationtogofar.Watchthevideoagain,andanswertheTrue/Falsequestions.Fromthewoman’sdescription,whatcanwelearnabouther?WriteTforthetruestatementsandFforthefalsestatements.1)T2)F3)T4)F5)T6)T7)F8)FTask5:AsastrongpromoterofChina’stechnologicalinnovations,Tsinghua’sInstituteofArtificialIntelligencehasalwaysbeenabeaconofcutting-edgeresearchandinnovation.Thisvideointroducestheeightresearchteamsoftheinstitute.Watchthevideo,andcompletethenotesontheresearchfocusesofeachoftheeightteams.NaturalLanguageProcessingTeachcomputerstounderstandhumanlanguages,speakandcommunicatewithpeople.MakeAIunderstandthehumancultureinlanguages,anddevelopAIpoettowriteclassicalChinesepoems.NaturalLanguageGeneration&DialogueSystemWorkontextgenerationwhereAIcangeneratefictionsandessaysfromsomegivenkeywordsorsentences.ComputationalNeuroscience,AIMusicToletAIgeneratemusicStudyneuroscienceandcognitivescience,tryingtobridgeartificialintelligenceandbrainintelligenceRobotlearning:Perception&ManipulationBuildvisualobservationmodel,gesturedatabase,andknowledgebaseEstablishamappingrelationshipbetweenthegestureandthedatabasebybehaviorlearningUseknowledgebasetocollectfingering,andthenmakerobotplaythemusicinpianoCommunionServiceRobot,EvolutionaryComputationDosomeresearchrelatedtointelligentservicerobot&themultimodalinformationprocessingVisualAI,AutonomousDriving&MobileRoboticsFocusonvisualdeeplearningbasedmethodsforenvironmentalperception,autonomousnavigation,anddecision-makingInformationRetrieval&RecommendationWehaveproposedaseriesofAdvancedWebSearch,andExplainableRecommendationbasedonusermodelingandusersatisfaction.MachineLearning&AITheoryonmachinelearningincludingprobabilisticlearning,adversarialrobustmachinelearning,andalsodecisionmakingwithuncertaintyWatchthevideoagain,andtakedowntheexpressionsusedtodescriberesearchinterest.Oneexamplehasbeengiventoyou.Ourlabaimsto…/Wewantedto…/We’restudying…/Wealsodosomeresearchrelatedto…/Wealsodosomeresearchon…/Inrecentyears,wefocuson…3. ThevideoclipintroducesTsinghua’sArtificialIntelligenceInstitutebytheeightresearchteamsandtheirdirections.Thisisonewayofintroducingaresearchbody.Discussotherwaysofdescriptionwithyourpartner.Forexample,wecanintroducethehistoricaldevelopmentofaninstitute,ortheimportantprojectstheinstitutehasaccomplished.KeytoUnit3PartIVPracticingListeningTask1:Watchalecture“WhatIsaGoodAcademicPresentation?”byAditi?Jhaveriandcompletethefollowingexercises.WatchthelectureONCEandfillineachblankwithONEword.1)Referencing2)Structure 3)Language 4)Slides 5)Rehearsal/PracticeWatchthelectureagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.Firstly,youprovidethereferenceintheslides.Then,youdisplaytheentirelistofreferencesintheslidesinthecorrectstyle(APAorIEEEstyle).Signpostinggivesthedirectionstotheaudienceonwhichwaythepresentationisleadingandhelpstolinkeachsectionofthepresentationtoeachotherinaclearandcoherentmanner.Keepslidessimple.Trynottousetoomanyfancyanimationsorsoundeffects.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesuntilyougetitabsolutelyright.Task2:Watchanexcerptfromthelecture“GivinganEffectivePosterPresentation”andcompletethefollowingexercises.WatchthevideoONCEandfillineachblankwithONEword.occur 2)interactive3)dozens4)absorbing 5)walking6)loudchaotic8)excitingWatchagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.Tworules.Rule1:Don’treadtheposter;Rule2:Beprepared.Yes.Thespeakercommentedpositivelyontheposterpresenter’sperformancebysaying“Awesomeandthatwassomuchbetter.Thepresenterusedhisposterasavisualtool.Hewasveryengagedwiththeviewer.Healsospokeinafairlyformalmannerandworkedthroughhisposterinaverylogicalway.”Task3:Watchtheintroductionofanacademicpresentationandcompletethefollowingexercises.WatchthevideoONCE.Chooseallthefunctionsthespeakerachievesintheintroductionfromthefollowinglistandputtheminthecorrectorder.ADEFCBWatchthevideoagainandfillineachblankwithNOMORETHANFIVEwords.1)fellowpresenter2)playsanimportrole3)absolutelyvital4)themaintheme5)lastaround15minutes6)Tostartwith7)moveontotalkabout8)Afterthat9)AttheendWatchthevideoagain.ThenmatcheachsignpostexpressioninExercise2withthecorrespondingfunctionlistedinExercise1andfillinthefollowingtable.SignpostexpressionsFunctions1D2F3F4E5BC6BPartVIIExercisesTask1:WatchaposterpresentationgivenbythestudentsfromUniversityofRochesterandcompletetheexercises.Identifythestructureoftheposterpresentationandcompletethefollowingtable.Oneanswerhasbeengivenasanexample.StructureofaPosterPresentation1Title2Introduction(andObjectives)3Methodology4Results5FuturedirectionHowdothetwopresentersdistributetheirresponsibilitiesinthepresentation?Thegirlwasresponsibleforthefirsttwoparts(titleandintroduction)whereastheboywasresponsibleforthelastthreeparts(methodology,resultsandfuturedirection).Workinpairs.FindandreadmoreresearchpostersamplesfromtheInternet,andanalyzetheirstructures.Discusswithyourpartnerwhatotherpartsmightbeincludedinaposterpresentation.Apartfromtitle,introduction,methodology,resultsandfuturedirections,thepartssuchasconclusionsandacknowledgementcanalsobeincludedinposterpresentations.(Atypicalstructureofaresearchposterorpresentationconsistsoftitle,introduction,methodology,results,conclusions,futuredirectionsandacknowledgement.)Task2:Workingroups.WatchaposterpresentationgivenbyastudentnamedJakeDrysdale.Shareyourcommentsonitwithyourgroupmembersbyansweringthefollowingquestions.Overallvisual:Arethecomponentsoftheposterbalancedacrossthespace?(Open)Overallorganization:Arethecomponentsoftheposterorganizedinalogicalflow?(Open)Overalldelivery:Didthepresentersufficientlyexplaintheposter? (Open)Didthepresenterspeakclearlyanddistinctly? (Open)Didthepresentershowenthusiasmabouttheirtopic?(Open)Task3:Watcharesearchpresentationentitled“Suspects,ScienceandCSI”byMatthewThompsonandcompletethefollowingexercises.WatchthevideoONCEandchooseallthesegmentsincludedinthepresentationfromthelistbelow.ABDEFHowdidthespeakerintroducethetopicofhisPhDthesis?Thespeakerexplainedtohisaudiencethesignificanceofhisthesisbyrelatinghisthesistotherealworldexperience.Hetoldastoryaboutawrongfulconvictionbasedonfingerprintevidence.WatchthevideoagainandfillineachblankwithONEword.MyPhDthesisisaboutunderstandinghowtheexaminersmaketheseimportantdecisions.InAustraliaalone,thereareover5000ofthesecomparisonsmadeperdaytobeusedasevidenceinconvictingcriminals.Butoccasionallymistakesaremade.In2004,alawyernamedBrandonMayfieldwasarrestedbytheFBIbecausehisfingerprintsmatchedthosefoundonabombthatexplodedkilling191people.Buthere’sthecatch.Thefingerprintexaminermadeamistake.Theymatchedtheprinttothewrongperson.Mayfieldwasinnocent.Task4:WatcharesearchpresentationgivenbyFrobDuguidandcompletethefollowingexercises.Whatisthestarterofthepresentation?Doyouthinkthestartercanhooktheaudience?Askingtheaudienceapollquestion:Howmanyofyouhavesatforatleastonehourtoday?Twohours?Threehours?Watchthevideoagain.Thentakedownnotesabouttheresearchmethods,resultsandconclusion.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyouhear.ResearchMethods/ExperimentalDesignHypothesisAerobicexercisecanhaveapositiveeffectonvascularfunctionduringsittingIndependentVariable(Cause)AerobicexerciseDependentVariable(Effect)vascularfunctionParticipantsMiamistudentsSamplesize17ExperimentconditionsExperimentalgroupExercisecondition(joggingonthetreadmillfor45minutes)ControlgroupNonexercisecondition(stayingstill)ResultsAerobicexercisecanimprovevascularfunctionduringsittingConclusionExercisefirstbeforesittingTask5:Theconclusionofyourresearchpresentationisagreatopportunitytoreinforcethekeymessageorthefindingofyourtalk.Watchamini-lectureentitled“HowtoEndaPresentation?”andanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatalternativewayscanyouusetoclosethepresentationratherthan“That’sall.Thankyou”?Insteadofusingthesentenceslike“That’sall.Thankyou”,youshouldthinkaboutthekeymessages,thetake-homemessagesyoureallywantyouraudiencetorememberandsumthemupattheendingofthepresentation.Oryoucouldstopwhereyoustarted.Youcouldstartwithastrongstatement,workyourwaythroughthepresentationandendwiththatsamestatement.Howdonon-verbalskillsaffecttheendingofyourpresentation?Makeuseofyourintonationorthetoneofyourvoice,yourpitchtolaydownthesentencesattheendofyourpresentation.Besides,addasmilewhilethankingyouraudience.KeytoUnit4PartIVPracticingListeningTask1:Watchamini-lecture“HowtoHandleDifficultQuestions?”byMattAbrahamsandcompletethefollowingexercises.WatchthevideoONCE.ThentakedownsomenotesaboutthedifferenttypesofdifficultquestionsandfillineachblankwithNOMORETHANTHREEwords.FourtypesofdifficultquestionsSituation1Theaudienceaskaquestionandyoudon’tknowtheanswer.Situation2Machinegunquestioning(Thequestionerasksseveralquestionsoneaftertheother)Situation3Individualsdon’taskaquestion.Theymakeastatementbecausetheydon’tknowhowtoaskaquestionortheywanttoshowtheyknowalotaboutwhatyouarespeakingonandtrytotakethefloorfromyou.Situation4Yougetaquestionloadedwithemotion.Inthevideo,sometipsaregivenforeachquestiontype.Watchthevideoagainandmatchthetipswiththedifferentquestiontypesinthetablebelow.Situation1—BSituation2—ASituation3—DSituation4—CWatchthevideoagainandlistthebenefitsofdealingwithdifficultquestionseffectively.Youcansurvivethequestions,retainyourcredibilityandmakeyouraudiencefeel