第七章管理Cisco設(shè)備本章目標(biāo)通過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容:獲取直接相鄰設(shè)備的信息獲取遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備的信息清楚配置文件和IOS映象文件被加載的位置和過程路由器的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)RAM配置寄存器ROMFlashNVRAM端口路由器加電/啟動(dòng)順序加電自檢(POST)加載并執(zhí)行引導(dǎo)程序?qū)ふ襂OS映象文件加載IOS映象文件尋找配置文件加載配置文件正常運(yùn)行ROM功能ROM存放完成基本功能的微代碼Bootstrap引導(dǎo)程序POSTMini

IOSROMmonitorshow

version控制臺(tái)確認(rèn)當(dāng)前的配置寄存器值wg_ro_a#show

versionCisco

Internetwork

Operating

System

SoftwareIOS

(tm)

2500

Software(C2500-JS-L),

Version

12.0(3),

RELEASE

SOFTWARE

(fc1)Copyright

(c)

1986-1999

by

cisco

Systems,

Inc.Compiled

Mon

08-Feb-99

18:18

by

phanguyeImage

text-base:

0x03050C84,

data-base:

0x00001000ROM:

System

Bootstrap,

Version

11.0(10c),

SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH:

3000Bootstrap

Software

(IGS-BOOT-R),

Version

11.0(10c),

RELEASE

SOFTWARE

(fc1)wg_ro_a

uptime

is

20

minutesSystem

restarted

by

reloadSystem

image

file

is

"flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"--More--Configuration

register

is

0x2102用命令show

version所顯示的配置寄存器值設(shè)定配置寄存器的值Router#configure

terminalRouter(config)#config-register

0x2102[Ctrl-Z]Router#reload尋找IOS映象文件Flashshowversionshowstartup-configIOS搜索順序:檢查配置寄存器解析NVRAM中的配置文件缺省是使用Flash中的第一個(gè)文件嘗試從網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動(dòng)RXBOOTROMMON控制臺(tái)配置寄存器NVRAM從Flash加載IOS映象文件FlashIOSIOSshow

flashFlash中的映象文件解壓縮到RAM中控制臺(tái)RAM使用show

flash

命令wg_ro_a#shflashSystem

flash

directory:File

Length

Name/status1 10084696

c2500-js-l_120-3.bin[10084760

bytes

used,

6692456

available,

16777216

total]16384K

bytes

of

processor

board

System

flash

(Read

ONLY)加載配置文件showstartup-configshowrunning-config控制臺(tái)Setup

utility從NVRAM中加載并運(yùn)行配置文件如果NVRAM中沒有配置文件,進(jìn)入setup模式ConfigConfigIOSRAMNVRAMCDP協(xié)議Cisco

Discovery

Protocol是一個(gè)提供關(guān)于直接相連的交換機(jī)、路由器和其它Cisco設(shè)備的綜合信息的專有工具CDP能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相鄰的設(shè)備而不管這些設(shè)備所運(yùn)行的是什么協(xié)議棧上層地址Cisco專有的鏈路層協(xié)議介質(zhì)必須能夠支持SNAPTCP/IPCDP能發(fā)現(xiàn)并顯示關(guān)于直接相連的Cisco設(shè)備的信息LANs

ATM幀中繼

OthersNovell

AppleTalk

OthersIPXCDP運(yùn)行在使用10.3或更新版Cisco

IOS的路由器以及

Cisco

交換機(jī)和集線器上能獲取的信息包括:設(shè)備名對(duì)應(yīng)各協(xié)議的地址端口名角色特征平臺(tái)CDPshow

cdpCDPCDP用CDP發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相鄰的設(shè)備使用CDP交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.2.2.1

10.2.2.2S0S110.1.1.2RouterA#sh

cdp

?entry

Information

for

specific

neighbor

entryinterface

CDP

interface

status

and

configurationneighbors

CDP

neighbor

entriestraffic CDP

statistics<cr>RouterA(config)#no

cdp

runRouterA(config)#interface

serial0RouterA(config-if)#no

cdp

enable交換機(jī)A同時(shí)也顯示其Mac地址使用show

cdp

neighbor

命令RouterA#sh

cdp

neighborsCapability

Codes:

R

-

Router,

T

-

Trans

Bridge,

B

-

Source

Route

BridgeS

-

Switch,

H

-

Host,

I

-

IGMP,

r

-

RepeaterCapability

Platform

Port

IDDevice

IDRouterBLocal

IntrfceSer

0SwitchA0050BD855780Eth

0Holdtme148167RT

S2522 Ser

11900

210.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.2.2.1

10.2.2.2S0S110.1.1.2交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A使用show

cdp

entry

命令RouterA#sh

cdp

entry

*-------------------------Device

ID:

RouterBEntry

address(es):IP

address:

10.1.1.2Platform:

cisco

2522,

Capabilities:

RouterInterface:

Serial0,

Port

ID

(outgoing

port):

Serial1Holdtime

:

168

secVersion

:Cisco

Internetwork

Operating

System

SoftwareIOS

(tm)

2500

Software

(C2500-JS-L),

Version

12.0(3),

RELEASESOFTWARE

(fci)Copyright

(c)

1986-1999

by

cisco

Systems,

Inc.Compiled

Mon

08-Feb-99

18:18

by

phanguye10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.2.2.1

10.2.2.2S0S110.1.1.2交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A其它CDP命令RouterA#sh

cdp

trafficCDP

counters

:Packets

output:

56,

Input:

38Hdr

syntax:

0,

Chksum

error:

0,

Encaps

failed:3No

memory:

0,

Invalid

packet:

0,

Fragmented:

0RouterA#sh

cdp

interfaceBRI0

is

administratively

down,

line

protocol

is

downEncapsulation

HDLCSending

CDP

packets

every

60

secondsHoldtime

is

180

seconds10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.2.2.1

10.2.2.2S0S110.1.1.2交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A使用ping

和trace,

telnet命令測(cè)試對(duì)遠(yuǎn)端設(shè)備的連接性和路徑Router##ping

10.1.1.10Type

escape

sequence

to

abort.Sending

5,

100-byte

ICMP

Echos

to

10.1.1.10,

timeout

is

2

seconds:!!!!!Success

rate

is

100

percent

(5/5),

round-trip

min/avg/max

=

4/4/4msRouter#trace

1