情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣+完形填空學(xué)習目標1.掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本用法和特殊用法。2.掌握情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法。3.掌握虛擬語氣各類用法的結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)律。一、情態(tài)動詞1.can/could用法備注例句Hecanswim.表能力陳述句Hecouldswimwhenhewasachild.驚異、懷疑、不相信否定、疑問、感嘆句Howcanyoubesocareless？Hecan’tbeMr.White,becauseIdon’tknowhim.Ilostmypurse.WherecouldIhaveputit?推測不包括can的肯定形式Heisfriendly,butsometimeshecanbedifficulttogetalongwith.客觀可能性，翻僅限于canThenorthernpartofChinaiscold,butsometimesitcanbewarm.譯為“有時會”Nowadays,graduatescanhavedifficultyfindingjobs.【比較】beabletodosth.表示經(jīng)過努力能達到的能力。如：Thefireinthehotelspreadfastbutfortunatelyallofthepeoplewereabletorunout.酒店火勢蔓延的很快，但幸運的是所有人都逃了出來。學(xué)以致用：通過下面的練習，我們體會下can的用法1—Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere?—No,itA.can'tbehim.I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.B.mustnotC.won'tD.maynotD.should2TwoeyesA.canseemorethanone.B.mayC.will3Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.HowA.canB.shoulditbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?C.mayD.must4Hewasagoodswimmer,soheswimtotheriverbankwhentheboatsank.C.shouldD.wasabletoA.couldB.might2.may/might用法備注例句祝愿祈使句Mayyoureturninsafety！請求推測MayIcomein?Helenmaygoonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.學(xué)以致用：通過下面的練習，我們體會下may的用法5youcontinueinyoureffortsandachievenewandgreatersuccesses.A.MayB.WillC.WouldD.Should6—CouldwephoneourEnglishteachernow?—Notnow.I'mafraidhebedriving.A.shallB.mayC.willD.can3.shall用法備注例句一三人稱，疑問句Shallwebeginourclass?Shallhecomein,sir?征求意見許諾命令二三人稱二三人稱二三人稱二三人稱Youshallgetmyreplytomorrow.Youshallneverwalkintothisroomuntilyouareover18.Youshallbesorryforwhatyousaidoneday,Itellyou.Nothingshallstopusfromadvancing.警告、威脅決心—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?—“Nopersonshallsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea.”法律法規(guī)二三人稱學(xué)以致用：通過下面的練習，我們體會下shall的用法7—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—Youhavemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.B.mightnotC.needn'tA.shan'tD.shouldn't8Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesbeencollected.remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershaveA.canB.willC.mayD.shall4.should用法應(yīng)該竟然備注例句Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.It’sapitythatheshouldbesocareless.常用在expect,驚奇、懷疑、不滿think,believe等詞Ineverexpectthatyoushouldcomehere.后委婉、客氣驚訝、埋怨第一人稱二三人稱Ishouldadviseyounottodoit.Whoshouldcometoseeyouwhenyouareintrouble!Thevideoshouldbeveryinteresting,inwhichyoucanseeforeignersmakingdumplingsduringtheSpringFestival.合理的推測學(xué)以致用：通過下面的練習，我們體會下should的用法9YouA.wouldpaymoreattentiontoyourspellingnexttime.B.shouldC.willD.shall10Youcan'timaginethatawell-behavedgentlemanA.mightB.needC.shouldbesorudetoalady.D.would5.must用法備注例句-MustIgettothestationbeforethreeo'clock?-Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't.)必須禁止推測肯定句否定句肯定句Youmustn’tmakenoisesinthelibrary.Heisabsenttoday,andsomethingmusthavehappenedtohim.Shemustbeathomenow,asIjustcalledher.1.Thecarmustbreakdownjustwhenwewereinthejungle.2.--CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?偏要、硬要、非得肯定句--Oh,dear,ifyoumust.3.--Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?--Well,ifyoumustknow,hernameisMabel.學(xué)以致用：通過下面的練習，我們體會下must的用法11Iknowthingsarehardwithyou,butyouA.canB.maytrytogetoverthedifficulties.C.mustD.ought12Ashehadheartattack,hewastoldthatheA.needn'tB.maynotcontinuework.C.mustn'tD.can't6.will用法備注例句表示請求，主語常為疑問句Willyoupleasesitdown？you表示“愿意”Ifyouwillgotothecinemawithme,I’llappreciateit.表示“現(xiàn)在習慣性動作與行為”表示“或客觀規(guī)律”Eachtimehecomeshere,hewillsitforhourstalkingaboutalmosteverything.Hewillbetwentyyearsoldnextyear.表示“決心,堅持,承諾”---Tellhimthenewswhenyoumeethim-----Iwill(承諾)學(xué)以致用：通過下面的練習，我們體會下will的用法13—Pleasedon'tmakeanoise.—.I'llbeasquietasamouse.A.Yes,Iwon'tB.No,Iwon'tC.No,IwillD.Yes,Iwill7.情態(tài)動詞+havedone情態(tài)動詞+havedone用法例句musthavedonecan’thavedone一定已經(jīng)做了Theymusthavefinishedtheirwork.Theycan'thavefinishedtheirwork不可能已經(jīng)做了可能已經(jīng)做了或本來YoucouldhaveusedmycomputerbecauseIcouldhavedonemayhavedonemighthavedone可能做但未做didn'tuseit.也許已經(jīng)做了Theymayhavefinishedtheirwork.也許已經(jīng)做了或本來YoumighthaveusedmycomputerbecauseI可以做但未做didn'tuseit.Should/oughttohavedone本來該做但未做Youshouldhavestudiedhard.neednothavedone本來不必做但做了Youneednothavegoneout.wouldratherhavedone過去寧愿做但未做Iwouldrathernothavegonethere.wouldliketohavedone過去想做但未做Iwouldliketohaveseenthefilm.You'dbetterhavegonethere.hadbetterhavedone當時最好做了某事學(xué)以致用：通過下面的練習，我們體會下情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法14—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.YouA.needn'tdoC.mustn'tdoit.Icouldmanageitmyself.B.needn'thavedoneD.shouldn'thavedone15Ididn'thearthephone.IA.mustbeasleep.B.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen16Youmeaboutitearlier,butyoudidn't.B.wouldhavetoldA.shouldhavetoldC.musthavetoldD.shouldtell17Jackyet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.B.shouldn'thavearrivedA.mustn'thavearrivedC.can'thavearrivedD.needn'thavearrived18ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIA.hadtowriteitoutforher.B.musthavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitout（1）Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.（2）Ican'tfindmypurse.Ihaveleftitinthesupermarkeryesterday,butI'mnotsure.（3）Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.（4）Myroomisamess,butI（5）Ilovetheweekend,becauseI（6）Itwasreallyannoying;IcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoittomorrowmorning.getupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.getaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.（7）--Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?--It'sgettinglate.Ireallygonow.Mydaughterishomealone.hearourselvesspeak.（8）Itwassonoisythatwe（9）I'veorderedsomepizza,soweworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.（10）Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood.二、if的虛擬語氣1.if虛擬語氣的基本用法類別用法例句從句動詞：過去式（be用were）與現(xiàn)在事實相反主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.詞原形從句動詞：had+過去分詞與過去事實相反IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisited主句動詞：should/would/could/might+If引導(dǎo)的you.條件從句have+過去分詞從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/與將來事實相反were+不定式Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewould主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動notgocamping.詞原形學(xué)以致用19EverythingA.willbedestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedifAlberthadn'tcalledthefirebrigade.B.willhavebeendestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyed20IfIA.shouldlive…wouldspendC.areliving…shouldhavespentinthetwenty-firstcentury,Imyvacationinaverydifferentway.B.willlive….shouldspendD.willbeliving…wouldhavespent21—Didyougotowatchthebasketballmatchlastnight?—No.Ididn’tfeelwellbutIwouldhavegoneifI.A.wereB.didC.shouldD.had22IfIoutofink,Imighthavefinishedwritingthepaper.A.hadn'trunB.shouldn'trunC.didn'trunD.haven'trun23---DidyounoticeJohnwasnotatworktoday?---No.Ifworking,Iwouldhavenoticedit.A.I'dbeB.Iwasn'tC.I'dnotbeenD.weren't2.虛擬條件的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were,should或助動詞had，可將if省略，再把were,should或had移到從句句首，實行部分倒裝。例如：①Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.②Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhaveseenthesuperstar.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhaveseenthesuperstar.③Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.④Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitweretorain,thecropswouldbesaved.學(xué)以致用24today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves25Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight.A.couldbenotsolvedB.couldnotbesolvedC.couldnothavebeensolvedD.couldnothavesolved2627forthetrafficjam,Ishouldhavecoveredfiftymiles.A.HaditbeenB.HaditnotbeenC.IthadnotbeenD.Itnothadbeenthework,hewoulddoitsomeotherway.A.WashegoingB.IfhedoesC.WerehetodoD.Ifheisdoing28itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthatvisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will3.混合虛擬主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，這時主、從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。【規(guī)則】無論是主句還是從句，與什么時間相反，就用與這個時間相對應(yīng)的句型。如：①Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。）②Ifithadrainedlastnight(與過去事實相反),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(與現(xiàn)在事實相反).學(xué)以致用29TomwouldbuythatbicyclebutheA.hadB.hasnomoney.C.hadhadD.hashad30HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heA.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereourchairmannow.D.wouldbe31IfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold4.含蓄虛擬條件句在某些虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有if條件句，虛擬條件是用其它形式表示出來，這種現(xiàn)象在語法上稱為“含蓄條件句”。含蓄條件通常分為以下幾種情況：（1）通過without的介詞短語表示條件。例如:Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.=Iftherewerenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.（2）通過butfor（要不是）介詞短語表達條件。例如:ButforthestormIwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm,Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.（3）通過連詞otherwise，or，but等表達條件。例如:Shecametotownyesterday,otherwise/orIwouldnothavemether.=Ifshehadn'tcometotownyesterday,Iwouldnothavemether.學(xué)以致用32—Didyouenjoyyourtrip?—Yes.Butforyouradvice,weA.didn'tenjoyourstayinLondonhalfasmuch.B.hadn'tenjoyedC.wouldn'tenjoyD.wouldn'thaveenjoyed33Sallycan'thavewrittentome,ortheletterbynow.A.I'llgetB.I'llhavegotC.I'dhavegotD.I'dget（1）Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.（2）Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.（3）--DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?--Yes.Otherwise,I(be)abletoreachheryesterday.havenowheretostaynow.（4）Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe（5）(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.（6）Ifthenewsafetysystem（7）Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou（8）Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwould(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.(injure).（9）Ifit（10）IfI(be)forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.(see)itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thavebelievedit.三、should型虛擬在表示“建議”、“要求”、“命令”或“應(yīng)當做……”等意義的動詞后面的賓語從句中的謂語動詞需要用虛擬語氣，即用“（should）+動詞原形”來表示。為了便于記憶，我們可以把這些動詞的首字母編成一個短句：IDROPCAPS.這些常用的動詞是：insist堅持；demand要求；desire要求；decide決定；request請求；require需要、要求；order命令；propose建議；command命令；ask請求；arrange安排；advise建議；prefer寧愿；suggest建議?，F(xiàn)將它們的用法舉例如下：①Iinsistedthatheshouldcomewithus.我堅決主張他與我們一起來。②Thecommitteedecidedthatnooneshouldbeadmittedwithoutaticket.委員會決定無票者不得入場。③Iproposedthatweshouldstartearly.我建議（我們）早點動身。④Theexaminationinstructionsaskthatthestudentsshouldnotuseapencil.考試說明要求學(xué)生不得用鉛筆。⑤SometimesshewouldsuggestthatIshouldbesavingsomeofthemoney.她有時建議我把錢存起來一些。在這些動詞后面的從句中使用虛擬語氣時應(yīng)注意如下幾點：（1）這些動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)（如：Itissuggested+that主語從句）形式后，從句的謂語動詞仍用“（should）動詞原形”。例如：①Itisorderedthatthemedicineshouldbesentsoon.根據(jù)命令藥品必須馬上送去。②Ithasbeendesiredthatthemeetingshouldbepostponedtillnextweek.已經(jīng)決定會議延期到下個星期開。（2）由這些動詞派生的或轉(zhuǎn)換的名詞、形容詞等其他詞性（如：suggestion建議；decision決定；demand要求；required要求的）所相關(guān)的主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句的謂語動詞仍用“（should）動詞原形”。例如：①Mysuggestionisthat.我的建議是我們派幾個人去幫助別的小組。②Theirdecisionwasthat.他們的決定是約翰不應(yīng)和他們分享那個房間。（3）這些動詞在不表達“某事必須做或某事重要”這一詞義時（如：suggest暗示、表明；insist堅決認為），后面的賓語從句則不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。比較下面兩組句子：①Heinsistedthat他堅決要求出席會議。Sheinsistedthat她堅持認為她聽到屋里有人。她建議他們早點離開。②ShesuggestedthatHersmilesuggestedthat她的微笑表明她很滿意。在句型：Itis.......（表情緒，觀點的形容詞或名詞）that+主語從句中，從句的謂語動詞常用should+原形。這些形容詞或名詞如：necessary,important,impossible,natural,strange,surprising,funny,right,wrong,better,apity,theshame,nowonder等。如：①Doyouthinkitisnecessarythathe(should)notbesenttoLingbao.②Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriend.學(xué)以致用34ThecommitteeaskedthatthematterA.wouldbediscussedatthenextmeeting.B.willbediscussedD.maybediscussedC.bediscussed35Itisstrangethatsuchathinginyourschool.C.shouldhappenA.willhappenB.happensD.happened36Thedoctor'sadviceisthatthepatientA.benottoldB.notbetoldabouthisrealphysicalcondition.C.willnotbetoldD.mustnotbetold37Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialtoitsburningtemperature.A.beheatedB.isheatedC.wouldbeheatedD.toheat四、其他虛擬語氣用法1.wish用法對何時的希望賓語從句時態(tài)例句對現(xiàn)在的希望對過去的希望對將來的希望一般過去時（be動詞用were）IwishIwereastallasyou.過去完成時過去將來時IwishIhadmetthemoviestaryesterday.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.2.asif/asthough在虛擬語氣中用法asif引導(dǎo)的從句動作與asif引導(dǎo)從句時態(tài)例句主句謂語動作先后與主句謂語動詞同時發(fā)生一般過去時（be動詞用were）Helooksasifhewereanartist.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehad先于謂語動詞發(fā)生后于謂語動詞發(fā)生過去完成時過去將來時studiedEnglishinAmerica.ShelearnsEnglishsohardasifshewouldgotoAmericanextyear.3.wouldrather在虛擬語氣中用法對何時的“寧愿”wouldrather引導(dǎo)從句時態(tài)例句對現(xiàn)在和將來的寧愿一般過去時Iwouldrathertheydidn’tcometomorrow.IwouldratherIhadn’tseenthemovieyesterday.對過去的寧愿過去完成時4.Itis(high/about)timethat用法Itis(high/about)timethat后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形，但should不可省略。過去式Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Should+動詞原形Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.學(xué)以致用38IwishIA.wenttothemovieswithyoulastnight.B.didgoC.couldgoC.willsumD.hadgone39ItistimeweA.sumupourresults.B.summedD.wouldsumD.couldhavegoneD.willnotdo40IwishourteacherA.isn'tgoingtogiveanothertest.Ihaven'tgotpreparedyet.B.weren'tgoingC.willnotgoing41Frankly,I'dratheryouA.doanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.B.don'tdoC.didn'tdo42Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishIA.havereadthebookfromwhichitwasmade.D.hadreadB.shouldhavereadC.amreading43Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken（1）Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.（2）IwishI(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.44(1)Jonasdidn'tdescribehisfirstdayoftrainingtoFiona,neitherdidsheask.Sheknewif（ask）,shewouldhavefallenintothecategoryofrudeness.(2)JonaslearnedfromLarissathatRobertowasreleased.Hewishedshehe（be）theretoseeit.(3)They（shoot）downtheplanewhichflewoverthecommunity.ButtheGivertoldthemtowait.(4)Seeinghisfriendplayingonthestage,hefeltquiteenvious,saying:"IfIhadreceivedonemorevotes,I（be）theonegivingtheperformancenow."(5)Sorry,Ileftmytextbookathometoo.IfIhaditwithme,I（share）itwithyou.五、綜合練習1.單項選擇45John,lookatthetime.A.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?B.CanC.MayD.NeedD.may46MichaelA.needn'tbeapoliceman,forheismuchtooshort.B.can'tC.should47You_______havedoneallthecalculations!Wehaveacomputertodothatsortofthings.A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.needn't48Theinterestbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.shall49Hethe9:20trainbecausehedidn'tleavehometill9:00.A.canreachB.couldcatchD.couldn'thavecaughtC.maynotcatch50Sir,youA.won’tbesittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.B.mustn’tC.oughtn’ttoD.don’thaveto51Aleftluggageofficeisaplacewherebagsstation.beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwayA.shouldB.canC.mustD.will52—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,butheA.maynot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.C.needB.canD.must53Iwenttothedoctor'syesterday,IhadtowaitforhalfanhourbeforeheA.canB.mayC.mightseeme.D.could54---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---TheyA.canbereadyby12:B.shouldC.mightD.needD.might55Whentheoldmanwasalive,heA.wouldB.couldsitforhoursatthedoor.C.must2.用所給動詞的適當形式填空（1）Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent(make)aplanforthevacation.（2）Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatimprovements(make)intheoldtypeofvacuumcleaner?（3）Ifwehadbeenmorecareful,we(get)muchbetterresultsnow.(be)morefrugalinthepast.（4）Henrywouldbearichmantodayifhe（5）Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtoarrivetoday,we(meet)heratthebusstation.（6）Ithinkitadvisablethathe(leave)forTokyosoon.(be)reasonableandit（7）Iinsistedthathissuggestion(discuss)atthemeeting.（8）—Shewassoupsetthatsheburstintotears.—I'dratheryou(nottell)herallaboutit.(reach)ourdestination.（9）Butforthefog,we（10）Wereitnotfortheadoptionoftheopenpolicy,things(notbe)theyaretoday.3.翻譯（1）試卷收回后，應(yīng)試人才能離開座位。（2）誰愿意去幫助那個可憐的老人？（3）真奇怪，他竟會遲到。（4）如果他再犯同樣的錯誤，他會被開除的。（5）有時他在那里一坐幾個鐘頭，什么也不做。（6）要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會去國外學(xué)習。（用倒裝句）（7）要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進了辦公室了。（8）要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進步。（用without短語）（9）我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。（10）如果他接受了我的意見，在比賽中他就贏了。（用倒裝句）六、完形填空56Louisewas72yearsoldandshelivedbyherself.ThefirstthingshenoticedwhenshecamedownstairsthatSundaymorningwasthatherwindowwasopen.Infact,itwassowideopenthatshehadclosingit.Thensherealizedthatthings