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一、科普知識(shí)類1

二、廣告宣傳類24

三、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類類40

四、人物傳記類47

五、文化教育類53

六、社會(huì)生活類81

七、環(huán)境保護(hù)類160

八、文學(xué)藝術(shù)類176

考點(diǎn)3閱讀理解

一、科普知識(shí)類

（2015?全國(guó)卷II?閱讀理解B）

話題:房間設(shè)計(jì)和體重詞數(shù):321W難度:★★★

Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaytheway

youdesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthe

poundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyou

insteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopart

ofyourdietplan.

Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsare

morelikelytoencourageovereatingjorpeopleareoftenless

self-conscious（難為情）whenthey/reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomore

likelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn/thaveenoughwindow

light,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.In

onestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percent

lessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmake

foodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeelless

hungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint.goblue.

Don'tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendto

consumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorush

throughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomake

dinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdownto

eat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdownturnonrelaxingmusic.ltmakes

youlesslikelytorushthroughameal.

Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeus

fat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadof

a10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,total

intake（攝入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmore

liquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.

【文章大意】你的房間的燈光、顏色等和用餐時(shí)攝入的量有關(guān)，所以

和你的體重有關(guān)。

25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout.

A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshape

C.housebuyingD.healthydiets

【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，專家認(rèn)為房間的

設(shè)計(jì)和體重的增減有關(guān)，所以這篇文章對(duì)關(guān)心體型的人有幫助。

26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.

A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintake

C.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites

【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，在藍(lán)色房間用餐的人們

比在黃色或紅色房間用餐的人們吃得少。

27.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.

C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，明亮的環(huán)境會(huì)使人減少

食物的攝入。根據(jù)第四段可知，慢吃且聽(tīng)放松的音樂(lè)比快吃好。另外,

最后一段告訴我們用小號(hào)的餐具也會(huì)使我們吃得少。

28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?

B.WaysofServingDinner

C.EffectsofSelf-Consciousness

D.lsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

【解析】選A。主旨大意題。本文主要告訴我們一個(gè)人的房間的燈光、

顏色等和用餐時(shí)攝入的量有關(guān)。即與你的胖瘦有關(guān)。

（2015?安徽卷?閱讀理解C）

話題:科普知識(shí)詞數(shù):288難度:★★★★

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostore

information,arepeoplerememberingless?lfyouknowyourcomputer

willsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,your

brain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwe

rememberandhow.

Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsome

experiments.Sheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowthe

Internetischangingmemory.lnthefirstexperiment,theygavepeople40

unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeople

understoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecond

groupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Later,thesecond

grouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknew

theycouldfindtheinformationagain,s。theydidnottrytorememberit.

Inanotherexperimentjheresearchersgavepeoplefactsto

remember,andtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthe

computer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder（文件

夾）.Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation（位

置）betterthanthefacts.Whenpeopleusethelnternet,theydonot

remembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisis

called^transactivememory（交互記憶）

AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoor

memoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Instead,computerusersare

developingstrongertransactivememories;thatis,peoplearelearning

howtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareableto

accessitatalaterdate.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermore

orlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryis

changing.

【文章大意】本文是論說(shuō)文。文章通過(guò)對(duì)專家Sparrow的實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究

發(fā)現(xiàn)的闡述，說(shuō)明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不是使人的記憶力下降了，而是使人們記憶信

息的方式發(fā)生了改變。

64.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto.

A.introducethemaintopic

B.showtheauthor/sattitude

C.describehowtousetheInternet

0.explainhowtostoreinformation

【解析】選A。邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第一段提出的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，結(jié)合文章后

幾段的內(nèi)容，可知文章對(duì)這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了討論、解決。可見(jiàn)第一段

提出的這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的目的是介紹文章的主要話題。故選A。

65.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?

A.TheSparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.

B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.

C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.

D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.

【解析】選Co推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的第一組的人員

因知道他們可以在電腦里再次找到他們需要的信息，所以他們沒(méi)試圖

記住它”可知第一組的人沒(méi)試圖記住這些信息。故選Co

66.Intransactivememory,people.

A.keeptheinformationinmind

B.changethequantityofinformation

C.organizeinformationlikeacomputer

D.rememberhowtofindtheinformation

【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知“交互記憶〃就是人們?cè)?/p>

使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)并不試圖記住一些信息，而是記住如何找到某些信息。這

說(shuō)明在“交互記憶”中人們記住的是如何找到某些信息。故選Do

67.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow/sresearch?

A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.

B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.

C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.

D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Sparrow的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可知

不是人們的記憶力差了，而是人們記憶信息的方式正在發(fā)生改變，也就

是說(shuō)人們?cè)谑褂貌煌姆绞絹?lái)記憶信息。故選A。

（2015?北京卷?閱讀理解C）

話題:透明生物詞數(shù):430W難度:★★★★

LifeintheClear

Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesame

waylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetween

thesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet—asfarasmost

lightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbe

damagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistin

biology,says,“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynever

touchanythingunlessthey/reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseating

them.”

Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbecome

see-throughPIVstrickierthanyoumightthink.

Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwith

light.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowand

scatter（散射）light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorb

light,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmake

anobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeit

easily.

Butatransparentobjectdoesn/tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnot

verymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.That

meansatransparentobjectdoesn/tlookverydifferentfromthe

surroundingairorwater.Youdon/tseeit—youseethethingsbehindit.

Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfrom

absorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausethey

containpigments（色素）thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Buta

transparentanimaldoesn'thavepigments,soitstissueswon'tabsorb

light.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Thereal

challengeispreventinglightfromscattering.

Animalsarebuiltofmanydifferentmaterials—skin,fat,and

more—andlightmovesthrougheachatadifferentspeed.Everytime

lightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsand

scatters.Transparentanimalsusedifferenttrickstofightscattering.Some

animalsaresimplyverysmallorextremelyflat.Withoutmuchtissueto

scatterlightjtiseasiertobesee-through.Othersbuildalarge,clearmass

ofnon-livingjelly-like（果凍狀的）materialandspreadthemselvesoverit.

Largertransparentanimalshavethebiggestchallenge,becausethey

havetomakeallthedifferenttissuesintheirbodiesslowdownlight

exactlyasmuchaswaterdoes.Theyneedtolookuniform.Buthow

they/redoingitisstillunknown.Onethingisclearfortheselarger

animals,stayingtransparentisanactiveprocess.Whentheydie,theyturn

anon-transparentmilkywhite.

【文章大意】本文是一篇科技說(shuō)明文，文章解釋了生活在海洋里的透

明生物的特點(diǎn)、透明原理以及形成機(jī)制。

63.AccordingtoParagraph1,transparentanimals.

A.stayingroups

B.canbeeasilydamaged

C.appearonlyindeepocean

D.arebeautifulcreatures

【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的句子Mostofthemare

extremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch可知,大多數(shù)

透明動(dòng)物特別脆弱，輕輕接觸都會(huì)對(duì)它們?cè)斐蓚?，故選B。

64.TheunderlinedworcTdeacTinParagraph3means.

A.silentlyB.gradually

C.regularlyD.completely

【解析】選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。由第三段可知，有些動(dòng)物可以延緩并散射

光線，使光線偏離以前的軌道，另一些動(dòng)物會(huì)吸收光線，使其dead止于

以前的軌道上。根據(jù)這個(gè)邏輯關(guān)系dead應(yīng)為"完全”止于以前的軌道

上,故選擇D項(xiàng)。

65.Onewayforananimaltobecometransparentisto.

A.changethedirectionoflighttravel

B.gathermaterialstoscatterlight

C.avoidtheabsorptionoflight

D.growbiggertostoplight

【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的句子T。become

transparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingor

scatteringlight可知,一個(gè)動(dòng)物想要變得透明就要避免它的身體散射或

吸收光線，因此C項(xiàng)是其中的一個(gè)方法，即避免吸收光線，故選Co

66.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatlargertransparentanimals.

A.movemoreslowlyindeepwater

B.staysee-throughevenafterdeath

C.producemoretissuesfortheirsurvival

D.takeeffectiveactiontoreducelightspreading

【解析】選D。推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，對(duì)于體形較大的動(dòng)物來(lái)

說(shuō)，保持透明是一個(gè)積極的過(guò)程,需要減少光線的傳播，所以答案為D。

（2015?江蘇卷?閱讀理解B）

話題:電子廢品詞數(shù):390W難度:★★★

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrown

awayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronic

wastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronic

wastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageas

awhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.A

Swissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoods

representedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisonto

totalwaste,theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetals

washigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

日ectronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhen

themachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecycling

processofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountriesjnpracticallyuncontrolled

wayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintothe

environment.

Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewaste

material,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthe

finishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginethemines

thatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxand

packaging（包裝）itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducing

processareharmfulaswell.

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteis

dangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—as

wellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegas

release//lndividualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswaste

atthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.

Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibility

isbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（動(dòng)機(jī)）for

reducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingthey

usetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirst

place?

Governments/incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibility

forthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,they

ask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththe

bubblewrap（氣泡墊）thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovernments'pointofview,aprimarygoaloflaws

requiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecosts

andthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthe

governmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.

【文章大意】文章主要介紹了電子垃圾的產(chǎn)生、危害以及相關(guān)解決措

施。

58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellus

that.

A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B.e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

C.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals

D.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste

【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知盡管這種電子產(chǎn)

品的重量相對(duì)小,但是金及其他珍貴金屬的含量很高，故選B合適。

59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.

A.fromproducerstogovernments

B.fromgovernmentstoproducers

C.fromindividualstodistributors

D.fromdistributorstogovernments

【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知電子廢品管理的

費(fèi)用和責(zé)任要從政府和納稅人轉(zhuǎn)移給生產(chǎn)者。

60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theincreaseine-waste.

B.Thecreationofe-waste.

C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.

D.Themanagementofe-waste.

【解析】選D。主旨大意題。文章最后一段點(diǎn)出了文章的主旨:電子廢

品的管理問(wèn)題。

（2015?浙江卷?閱讀理解B）

話題:圖表詞數(shù):602W難度:★★

Graphscanbeaveryusefultoolforconveying

information,especiallynumbers,percentages,andotherdata.Agraph

givesthereaderapicturetointerpret.Thatcanbealotmoreefficient

thanpagesandpagesexplainingthedata.

Graphscanseemfrightening,butreadingagraphisalotlikereading

astory.Thegraphhasatitle*mainidea,andsupportingdetails.Youcan

useyouractivereadingskillstoanalyzeandunderstandgraphsjustlike

anyothertext.

Mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts:acaptionorintroduction

paragraph,atitle,alegendorkey,andlabeledaxes.Anactivereaderlooks

ateachpartofthegraphbeforetryingtointerpretthedata.Captionswill

usuallytellyouwherethedatacamefrom（forexample^scientificstudy

of400Africanelephantsfrom1980to2005).Captionsusuallysummarize

theauthor'smainpointaswell.Thetitleisveryimportant.lttellsyouthe

mainideaofthegraphbystatingwhatkindofinformationisbeing

shown.Alegend,alsocalledakey,isaguidetothesymbolsandcolors

usedinthegraph.Manygraphsjncludingbargraphsandlinegraphs,have

twoaxesthatformacorner.Usuallytheseaxesaretheleftsideandthe

bottomofthegraph.Eachaxiswillalwayshavealabel.Thelabeltellsyou

whateachaxismeasures.

BarGraphs

S

C

U

P

2

S

j

o

J

a

L

u

n

N

GradeEarned

GraphI.StudentPerformanceon

SocialStudiesQuiz

Abargraphhastwoaxesandusesbarstoshowamounts.InGraph

l,weseethatthex-axisshowsgradesthatstudentsearned,andthe

y-axisshowshowmanystudentsearnedeachgrade.Youcanseethat6

studentsearnedanAbecausethebarforAstretchesupto6onthe

verticalmeasurement.Thereisalotofinformationwecangetfroma

simplegraphlikethis(SeeGraph1).

LineGraphs

s(

」2

o

E

O

-

-

y

u

o

u

s

s

-

a

Alinegraphlookssimilartoabargraph,butinsteadofbars,itplots

pointsandconnectsthemwithaline.lthasthesamepartsasabar

graph—twolabeledaxes—andcanbereadthesameway.Toreadaline

graph,it'simportanttofocusonthepointsofintersectionratherthanthe

linesegmentsbetweenthepoints.Thistypeofgraphismostcommonly

usedtoshowhowsomethingchangesovertime.Hereisagraphthat

chartshowfarabirdfliesduringthefirstfivedaysofitsspring

migration(SeeGraph2).

Theunitofmeasurementforthex-axisisdays.Theunitof

measurementforthey-axisiskilometers.Thuswecanseethat,onthe

firstday,thepipitflew20kilometers.Thelinesegmentgoesupbetween

Day1andDay2,whichmeansthatthebirdflewfartheronDay2.Ifthe

linesegmentangleddown,asbetweenDay4andDay5,itwouldmean

thatthebirdflewfewerkilometersthanthedaybefore.Thislinegraphis

aquick,visualwaytotellthereaderaboutthebird'smigration.

PieGraphs

Movies

\S12/

Clothing

Graph3.AmysJuneExpenses

Atypicalpiegraphlookslikeacircularpie.Thecircleisdividedinto

sections,andeachsectionrepresentsafractionofthedata.Thegraphis

commonlyusedtoshowpercentages;thewholepierepresents100

percent,soeachpieceisafractionofthewhole.

Apiegraphmightincludealegend,oritmightuseiconsorlabels

withineachslice.Thispiegraphshowsonemonth'sexpenses(SeeGraph

3).

Food$25

Movies$12

Clothing$36

Savings$20

Books$7

【文章大意】本文介紹了圖表的結(jié)構(gòu)和用途，并舉例加以說(shuō)明。

46.Whenusedinagraphalegendis

A.aguidetothesymbolsandcolors

B.anintroductionparagraph

C.themainidea

D.thedata

【解析】選Ao細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Alegend,alsocalledakey,is

aguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph.可知A項(xiàng)正確。

47.WhatisthetotalnumberofstudentswhoearnedaCorbetter?

A.4.B.6.C.10.D.20.

【解析】選Do細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表1可知得A的學(xué)生有6人，得B

的學(xué)生有10人;得C的學(xué)生有4人,所以得C或C以上的學(xué)生共有20

人。

48.Thebirdcoveredthelongestdistanceon.

A.Day1B.Day2C.Day3D.Day4

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表2可以看出這只鳥(niǎo)在第三天飛

行的距離最長(zhǎng)，所以C正確。

49.WhichofthefollowingcostAmymost?

A.Food.B.Books.C.Movies.D.CIothing.

【解析】選Do細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表3可知Amy花在衣服上的錢

是最多的。

（2015?天津卷?閱讀理解B）

話題:社交機(jī)器人詞數(shù):318難度:★★

Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingto

becomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsare

abouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanized

way,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.

Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,social

robotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.For

example,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappy

orsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.

TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobea

personalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,and

makerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn'tjust

delivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearns

abouteachindividualinthehousehold.ltcandothingssuchas

remindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamily

photos.

Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhave

potentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareand

arealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.

FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothe

market.Thecompany's^Oshbot//robotisbuilttoassistcustomersina

store,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemto

theproduct'slocationinthestore.ltcanalsospeakdifferentlanguages

andmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthe

customerisshoppingfor.

Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreit

learns.ButOshbotjikeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplace

workers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.z/Wehavetechnologies

totrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus/saidBreazeal.

【文章大意】社交機(jī)器人在未來(lái)的幾年里會(huì)變得越來(lái)越普遍,給人們

生活帶來(lái)很大變化。

41.Howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?

A.Theycancontroltheiremotions.

B.Theyaremorelikehumans.

C.Theydothenormalhousework.

D.Theyrespondtousersmoreslowly.

【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知家用機(jī)器人做一些家務(wù),

而社交機(jī)器人更像是人類的伙伴，能分辨人的喜怒哀樂(lè)。

42.WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.

B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.

C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.

D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.

【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句和最后一句可知，你可

以要求Jibo機(jī)器人執(zhí)行各種任務(wù)，它能夠提醒人們服藥。

43.WhatcanOshbotworkas?

A.Alanguageteacher.B.Atourguide.

C.Ashopassistant.D.Aprivatenurse.

【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話可知,這種機(jī)器人能

幫助顧客在商店購(gòu)物，幫忙找要買的東西和確定東西所在的位置，由此

推斷是購(gòu)物助手。

44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill.

A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmates

C.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers

【解析】選Bo推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后Breazeal的話可知，訓(xùn)練的機(jī)器

人不是為我們工作的，而是和我們一起工作的,故答案B正確。

45.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?

A.Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots.

B.Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.

C.lnformationonhouseholdrobots.

D.Anintroductiontosocialrobots.

【解析】選D。主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭提到社交機(jī)器人會(huì)越來(lái)越普遍,

接下來(lái)介紹了幾種不同的機(jī)器人以及它們的功能，故答案D正確。

（2015?四川卷?閱讀理解E）

話題:建筑詞數(shù):404W難度:★★★★

NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnear

Cairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyusedalittlerock'n'roll.Long-ago

builderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolled

themacrossthesand,thescientistssay.

“Technically」thinkwhatthey'reproposingispossible,''physicist

DanielBonnsaid.

PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhuge

rocks.Andthere/snoobviousanswer.Onaverage,eachofthetwomillion

bigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.TheEgyptians

somehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutone

kilometeraway.

ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalong

smoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputthe

blocksonsleds（滑板）.Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalong

paths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricatedthepaths

eitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthis

ideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.

Evidencefromthesandsupportsthisidea.Researchersfoundsmall

amountsoffat,aswellasalargeamountofstoneandtheremainsof

paths.

However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeena

simplerway,wholedthenewstudy.Westsaid/lwasinspiredwhile

watchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelped

withpyramidconstruction.!thought/Whydon/ttheyjusttryrollingthe

things?/wAsquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattaching

woodenpolestoitssides,herealized.That^henotes,shouldmakeablock

ofstone“aloteasiertorollthanasquare".

Sohetriedit.

Heandhisstudentstiedsomepolestoeachoffoursidesofa

30-kilogramstoneblock.Thatactionturnedtheblockintosomewhata

wheel.Thentheyplacedtheblockontheground.

Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.The

researchersfoundtheycouldeasilyrolltheblockalongdifferentkindsof

paths.Theycalculatedthatrollingtheblockrequiredaboutasmuchforce

asmovingitalongaslippery（滑的）path.

Westhasn'ttestedhisideaonlargerblocks,buthethinksrollinghas

clearadvantagesoversliding.Atleast,workerswouldn'thaveneededto

carrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.

【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。不同的人針對(duì)古代埃及人移動(dòng)金字

塔巨大石塊的方法提出了不同的看法。本文主要介紹了一種新方法。

46.It'swidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramid

siteby.

A.rollingthemonroads

B.pushingthemoverthesand

C.slidingthemonsmoothpaths

0.draggingthemonsomepoles

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話可知，最流行的觀點(diǎn)

是埃及人通過(guò)光滑的道路來(lái)移動(dòng)石塊。故答案為Co

47.Theunderlinedpart'lubricatedthepathswinParagraph4

means.

A.madethepathswet

B.madethepathshard

C.madethepathswide

D.madethepathsslippery

【解析】選D。短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后半句可知，他們使用濕潤(rùn)的陶土或

是牛的脂肪使這個(gè)路徑變得光滑，這樣才能更輕松地滑動(dòng)石塊。故答

案為D。

48.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph7referto?

A.Rollingtheblockswithpolesattached.

B.Rollingtheblocksonwoodenwheels.

C.Rollingpolestomovetheblocks.

0.Rollingtheblockswithfat.

【解析】選A。代詞猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前面一段的后半部分可知，物理學(xué)家

韋斯特提出把木頭系到石塊上從而滾動(dòng)石塊，故答案為Ao

49.WhyisrollingbetterthanslidingaccordingtoWest?

A.Becausemoreforceisneededforsliding.

B.Becauserollingworkcanbedonebyfewercattle.

C.Becauseslidingonsmoothroadsismoredangerous.

0.Becauselesspreparationonpathsisneededforrolling.

【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Atleast,workers

wouldn/thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths可

知,滾動(dòng)比滑動(dòng)要好的原因是滾動(dòng)要做的準(zhǔn)備工作比滑動(dòng)少得多。故

答案選D。

5O.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Anexperimentonwaysofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.

B.Anapplicationofthemethodofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.

C.Anargumentaboutdifferentmethodsofmovingblockstothepyramid

site.

D.Anintroductiontoapossiblenewwayofmovingblockstothepyramid

site.

【解析】選D。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了一種把巨大石

塊移動(dòng)到金字塔地址的合理的新方法。故選D。

二、廣告宣傳類

（2015?全國(guó)卷I-A）

話題:講座詞數(shù):233W難度:★★

MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseum

Ourmonthlytalksstartat19:30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonth

exceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon/tneedto

book.Theyendaround21:00.

November7th

TheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedas

oneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerin

trainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswill

explainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducation

ofthatgroupofearly^civilengineers'".

December5th

IcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivalof

freezers,therewasademandforiceforfoodpreservationandcatering.

Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthe

technologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon'si