初中定語從句基礎(chǔ)講解

什么是定語從句呢？修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句

Theman

wholivesnexttousisa

policeman.先行詞____________________關(guān)系詞___定語從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why人(n.)+who/that+從句物(n.)+that

/which+從句

關(guān)系代詞的作用：a.做代詞，代替先行詞b.在從句中擔任句子成分：主語或賓語c.做連詞，把主句和從句連接起來Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.關(guān)系代詞:

1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

who

stealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?

4.that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Ihave

anapple.Anapple

isred.Ihave

anapplethat

isred.修飾先行詞anapple

主語主語關(guān)系詞that在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。Ihavesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ihavesomefriendswho

likesports.修飾先行詞friends

主語主語/that關(guān)系詞who/that在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。Iprefershoesthatarecool.Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.Ilikethemusic.Icandancetothemusic.IlikethemusicthatIcandanceto.賓語賓語關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省掉。Ilikethegirl.Youaretalkingtothegirl.Ilikethegirlwho(m)youaretalkingto.賓語賓語/that關(guān)系詞who/that在定語從句中作賓語時可以省掉。歸納：that,即指人又指物，作主語或賓語。

which,指物，作主語或賓語。

who,whom指人,who作主語或賓語,whom作賓語。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar____________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents________________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that/who任務(wù)I.閱讀下列句子，再用who/that填空。1.Ihaveabrother_______likessoccer.2.Tomdoesn’tlikemovies_______aretoolongandtooscary.3.Weprefergroups________play

loudandenergeticsongs.4.

Helikesfriends_________oftenhelpeachother.who/thatthatthatwho/that任務(wù)II.請將下列題中的兩個句子合并成一個句子。1．Ilikemusic.

Themusicisloudandexciting._______________________________________.2.Sheloves

movies.

Themoviesareromantic._______________________________________.3.Tonylikesmusic.

Hecandancetothemusic.________________________________________.Ilikemusicthatisloudandexciting.Shelovesmoviesthatareromantic.Tonylikesmusicthathecandanceto.Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?whose作定語,表示所屬關(guān)系。

Theboyismyclassmate.

Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤兒).A.whoB.whoseC.who’sD.whichLookatthegirl____nameisLucy.A.whoB.thatC.who’sD.whosewhen在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmyonwhichwhere在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich==關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于“介詞for+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.forwhich=1.Istillremembertheday_________wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.3.I’llneverforgettheyear_____________Icametothisschool.4.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.5.Thefactory____________hisfatherworksislarge.6.Thisisthehouse____________w