2023年考研考博考博英語陜西師范大學(xué)考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision問題1選項A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume2.單選題Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.問題1選項A.suchastheynowtalkB.liketheynowtalkC.asmuchastheynowdoD.astheynowdo3.單選題Diamondshavelittle______valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.問題1選項A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic4.單選題Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.問題1選項A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.can5.單選題TheChairmanwasevidently__________byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.問題1選項A.putdownB.putacrossC.putawayD.putout6.單選題Sometimesthetensionproducedbyfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimesweneedto_____thetensionbylaughingorcrying.問題1選項A.discardB.disperseC.disguiseD.discharge7.單選題Thehighcourtreversedthedecisionofthelowercourtbecausetheruling______thedefendanthisright.問題1選項A.refusedB.declinedC.deniedD.ignored8.單選題Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb/'“You’relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“NoP'andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis‘‘Andyou'regoodlooking.”Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.1.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartnersif______.2.“I’mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph1means_____.3.Thehouse-owner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans______.4.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif______.5.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.問題1選項A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideasB.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelingsC.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwordsD.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords問題2選項A.I’mjustcallingyourattentionB.PmjustkiddingC.PmjustsayingtheoppositeD.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound問題3選項A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyearsB.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestepC.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfaultD.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared問題4選項A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertivenessB.seenasone’shabitualpatternofbehaviorC.takenaspartofanorderingsequenceD.expressedtoaseriesofcharges問題5選項A.withouttrueintentionB.light-heartedlyC.inawayofceremonyD.withlessemphasis9.單選題Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology,thestudyofhumanbeingsandtheirculture.Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.Intheirsystematicexamination,researchersinallbranchesofanthropologyfollowthesamebasicsteps.Themethodcalledparticipantobservationismostwidespread,althoughothertechniquesareusedaswell.Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.Afterspecifichypotheseshavebeendeveloped,theresearchergathersinformationtolestthem,oftenintheformofsurveysorrecordedinterviews.Finally,theanthropologistorganizeswilltheinformationandevaluatesthehypothesesinlightofthedata.Theconclusionsoftenformthebasisofarticlesforscientificjournals,booksandlectures.1.Theparagraphprecedingthispassagemostlikelydiscusses（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,investigationintohumantraitsleadsto（）.3.Inline9,theitalicizedword“copious”mostcloselymeans（）.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefirststepintheparticipantobservationmethod?5.Intheline10,theitalicizedword“these”referstowhichofthefollowing?問題1選項A.othersocialsciencefieldsB.theoriginofanthropologyC.researchinanothersocialscienceD.branchesofanthropology問題2選項A.refinementsinhumanproductsB.betterawarenessofpatternsinhumanconductC.systematicexaminationofallanthropologicalfieldsD.constantadjustmentstothestepsofbasicresearch問題3選項A.ampleB.preliminaryC.outlinedD.specific問題4選項A.SelectingacommunitytostudyB.DevelopingspecifichypothesesC.OrganizingandevaluatingdataD.Observingandconservingwithcommunitymembers問題5選項A.hypothesesB.observationsC.notesD.conversations10.單選題MoreattentionwaspaidtothequalityofproductioninFranceatthetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.Itwouldbenecessarytoproducequalitygoodsfortheinternationalmarkettocompletewiththoseproducedinothercountries.TheFrencheconomyneededalargershareoftheinternationalmarkettobalanceitsimportandexporttrade.Frenchindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillinadequatetomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeople,letalonelong-rangeddevelopments.Essentialimportshadstretchedthenationalcredittothebreakingpoint.Rentsweretightlycontrolled,buttheextremeinflationaffectedgeneralpopulationmostseverelythoughthecostoffood.Foodcoststookasmuchas80percentofworkersincome.Wages,itistrue,hadrisenandtherewasfull-timeandovertimeemployment.Takentogether,thesefactorsenabledtheworkingclasstoexistbutallowedthemnosenseofsecurity.Inthisprecariousanddiscouragingsituation,workmenwerewillingtoworkoverseasforhigherwages.Thegovernmentwasreluctanttoletworkersleavethecountry.Itwasfearedthismigrationofworkerswoulddepletethelaborforce.Thelackofqualifiedworkersmighthindertheimprovementinthequalityofindustrialproductsproduced.Qualifiedworkersproducedinforeigncountries.AlsothequantityofqualitygoodsproducedinFrancewouldnotbeabletoincreaseaspartofitsqualifiedlaborforcemovedtoothercountries.1.Accordingtothepassage,theFrenchworkerswere（）.2.ReneCotyandCharlesDeschanelwerebothinterestedin（）.3.TheFrenchgovernmentwasreluctanttolettheworkersleavethecountrybecause（）.4.RentsinFrance（）.5.Accordingtothepassage,theFrenchgovernment（）.問題1選項A.betterpaidthantheworkersinanyotherEuropeancountries.B.abletosavemoremoneywiththeincreaseintheirwages.C.anxioustoworkabroad.D.oftenunabletofindworkinFrance.問題2選項A.betterqualityinproductionB.increasingquantityinproductionC.havingthegovernmentraisetariffsonforeignimportsD.eliminatingunionsinFrance問題3選項A.itwouldenlargetheworkingforceB.itwouldhindertheimprovementofqualityinindustrialproductionC.itwouldhindertheincreaseinquantityofexportsD.itwoulddamagetheimports問題4選項A.wereextremelyhighB.wereextremelycontrolledC.tookasmuchas80percentoftheworkers’incomeD.haddoubledintwoyears問題5選項A.prohibitedFrenchtoworkabroadB.reducedtaxestofightinflationC.paidfamilyallowancesandbenefitsD.prohibitedtheFrenchworkerstojoinlaborunions11.單選題Thisisoneoftheanimalsthatcanthecoloroftheirsurroundings.問題1選項A.takeupB.takeinC.takeonD.taketo12.單選題Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?問題1選項A.3and7.B.3and9.C.7and9.D.3and13.問題2選項A.legendB.religionC.popularbeliefD.certaincustoms問題3選項A.Heismildlycritical.B.Heisstronglycritical.C.Heisinfavorofthem.D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.13.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.“孩子是上天送給成人的天使；寵物是成人送給孩子的天使?！睂櫸锟梢猿蔀楹⒆雍芎玫幕锇椋核麄兣c孩子玩耍，同時也與孩子進行著感情的交流。孩子可以對他們傾訴自己的心事，因為他們是最好的傾訴者；孩子受到父母的訓(xùn)斥或別人的嘲笑時，這些默默無聞的聽者可以帶給他們關(guān)懷和安慰；孩子生病時，寵物可以陪伴他們，給他們撫慰和鼓勵幫助他們勇于面對困難，自強不息。14.單選題Thehumanvoiceoftensounds（）onthephone.問題1選項A.twistedB.irregularC.deformedD.distorted15.單選題Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a______hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.問題1選項A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy16.單選題Nationalandinternational（）isindispensableifvictoryistobeachieved.問題1選項A.sociologyB.isolationC.solidarityD.solo17.單選題Iunderstandpreparationthatstaffmustputinunderpressureo\tomeetthedeadline.問題1選項A.morethantheenormousamountofB.betterthanmosttheenormousnumberofC.betterthanmosttheenormousamountofD.fewerthanthenumberof18.單選題Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.問題1選項A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat19.單選題Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,lienotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.2.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRoberEisenberger?4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.5.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Line1，Para5)probablyrefersto（）.問題1選項A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementB.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent'screativityC.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesD.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudentsperformance問題2選項A.TheyhavenodoubtsaboutthemB.TheyhavedoubtsaboutthemC.TheyapproveofthemD.Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem問題3選項A.AssigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbeforeB.AssigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventivenessC.Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.D.Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.問題4選項A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudentsB.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD.discouragingthestudent’santicipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency問題5選項A.waystodevelopeconomyB.systemsofrewardingstudentsC.approachestosolvingproblemsD.methodsofimprovingperformance20.單選題NorrishasdecidedtoforsomeeveningclassnextthemnowthathehassettleddowninNewYork.問題1選項A.enrollB.enlistC.engageD.enter第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項resume“重新開始，恢復(fù)，繼續(xù)”；B選項presume“假設(shè)，冒昧，擅自主張”；C選項assume“假定，認(rèn)為，承擔(dān)”；D選項consume“消耗，消費”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞Instead后面的內(nèi)容可知B選項符合語義。句意：我將不會擅自干涉。相反，我讓我的學(xué)生們自己做決定。2.【答案】D【解析】考查比較級。在as...as...引導(dǎo)的同級比較中，第一個as為副詞，第二個as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quicklyandeasily可知選D。句意：一種新開發(fā)的機器人可以通過微笑或皺眉頭來表達(dá)自己的情感，也許有一天它能幫助計算機用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機器交流。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項extinct“滅絕的”；B選項permanent“永恒的，不變的”；C選項surplus“過剩的”；D選項intrinsic“固有的，內(nèi)在的，本質(zhì)的”。根據(jù)theirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity可知D選項符合語義。句意：鉆石幾乎沒有內(nèi)在價值，其價格幾乎完全取決于其稀缺性。4.【答案】B【解析】考查if引導(dǎo)的真實條件句，主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時。情態(tài)動詞結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（禮貌問語）您喜歡，您愿意”，是一種委婉征求意見的方式。因此，排除其他選項，本題正確答案為B項。5.【答案】D【解析】動詞詞組題。A選項putdown鎮(zhèn)壓，記下；B選項putacross圓滿完成，解釋清楚，使被人理解；C選項putaway放好，拋棄；D選項putout撲滅；惱怒。根據(jù)句意可知，董事長明顯被吉姆的話激怒了，瞪了他好一會。因此，D項是正確答案。6.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項discardv.拋棄，丟棄；B選項dispersev.分散，使散開，傳播；C選項disguisev.掩飾，假裝；D選項dischargev.排放，釋放，卸貨。根據(jù)句意可知，有時恐懼造成的緊張，我們無法自行克制，這時就需要哭泣或者怒吼來釋放壓力。因此，正確答案為D。7.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refuse“拒絕”，其后接名詞、代詞或不定式；B選項decline“下降，謝絕，婉言拒絕”；C選項deny“否認(rèn)，拒絕給予”，denysb.sth.表示“拒絕給予某人某物”；D選項ignore“忽視，不顧”。根據(jù)從句中的賓語thedefendanthisright可知選C。句意：高等法院推翻了下級法院的裁決，因為該裁決剝奪了被告的權(quán)利。8.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.（言語的確為我們提供了一些信息，但其意思是從如此多的其它來源中獲取出來的，以至于過于依賴言語將阻礙我們與其他人交流的效果）可知D選項“他們能把自己的言語與意思聯(lián)系起來”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”（有時我們的言語并沒有什么意思，除了“我正在宣泄情緒。我實際上不想讓你仔細(xì)聽我說的話，而是注意我的感受”外）可知A選項“我只是提醒你注意”符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章一段中的Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”（事實上，這個臺階已經(jīng)有好幾年不是這樣的了，但暗含的信息是：“我不想修復(fù)它。我們能忍受它。你為什么不能忍受它了？）可知B選項“他認(rèn)為沒必要修臺階”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“有些反應(yīng)和行為可能看起來非常不合邏輯，但如果……，是合理的”。根據(jù)第二段第五句Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.（一個朋友的異常溫順的行為，也許只能通過注意到它是以需要異常自信的情境為前提才能被理解）和第六句Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.（有些反應(yīng)可能直接與反應(yīng)的發(fā)展模式有關(guān)，而且不符合邏輯）可推斷，如果要理解有些反應(yīng)和行為，那么就需要注意到之前發(fā)生的事件的情況，所以C項“作為有序的續(xù)發(fā)事件的一部分”符合題意。A項“與一定反常程度的自信有關(guān)”，表述不夠全面；B項“被視為一個人的習(xí)慣性行為模式”，文中沒有提到習(xí)慣性行為；D項“表達(dá)了一系列指控”在文中只是舉例說明，D項不選。因此，該題選擇C項正確。5.詞義題。“ritual（儀式，慣例）”為副詞ritualistically的名詞形式，故ritualistically表述“儀式地”，因此選C。9.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:A第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology.”可知，另一個依靠研究的社會科學(xué)是人類學(xué)，說明前文應(yīng)該已經(jīng)提到過一種社會科學(xué)，因此，A項為正確答案。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過原文第一段“Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.”可知，這種研究有助于更好地理解人類行為的模式，which應(yīng)指代前文中“人類學(xué)是對人類特征的研究”這一內(nèi)容，因此，B項為正確答案。3.詞匯題。由原文第二段可知，這種方法的基本步驟包括：首先進入社區(qū)，通過觀察和交流，收集社區(qū)成員信息。然后，從這些能成為進一步研究基礎(chǔ)的筆記中提出假設(shè)。因此，根據(jù)邏輯意義可知，調(diào)查研究需要基于大量的事實數(shù)據(jù)。因此，A項“大量的；豐富的”與“note”最為恰當(dāng)，copiousnotes表示“詳細(xì)的筆記”，故正確答案為A。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.”可知，調(diào)查研究的第一步是進入社區(qū)，通過觀察和交流，收集社區(qū)成員的信息。因此，D項是正確答案。5.詞匯題。分析these所在句Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.可知，工作人員做了大量的筆記，然后，從這些能成為進一步研究基礎(chǔ)的筆記中提出假設(shè)。所以，these指代的應(yīng)是前文中的copiousnotes，故正確答案是C項。10.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:B第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段：Inthisprecariousanddiscouragingsituation,workmenwerewillingtoworkoverseasforhigherwages.可知：在這種不穩(wěn)定和令人沮喪的情況下，法國工人想出國工作以獲得高薪。因此，C項anxioustoworkabroad“渴望出國工作”正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段MoreattentionwaspaidtomequalityofproductioninFranceatthetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.可知：ReneCoty在位期間，法國很關(guān)注產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，而時任財政部長的CharlesDeschanel更是堅持產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更為重要。因此，A項正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段Thelackofqualifiedworkersmighthindertheimprovementinthequalityofindustrialproductsproduced.可知：如果工人們?nèi)獯蚬?，可能會影響本國產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提升。所以，政府不希望工人們離開法國去國外工作。因此，B項正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中部Rentsweretightlycontrolled可知：租金被嚴(yán)格地控制著。因此，B項正確。5.推理判斷題。由文章第三段Thegovernmentwasreluctanttoletworkersleavethecountry.Itwasfearedthisimmigrationofworkerswoulddepletethelaborforce.可知：政府擔(dān)心移民會削弱本國勞動力，所以不愿意讓工人離開法國，出國工作。因此，正確答案為A選項。11.【答案】C【解析】詞組題。A選項takeup拿起，開始從事，占據(jù)；B選項takein吸收，理解，欺騙；C選項takeon承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有；D選項taketo喜歡，走向，開始從事。句意：這種動物是那種可以隨著環(huán)境的顏色而改變身體顏色的種類。因此，C項“呈現(xiàn)”符合題意。12.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.（七是另一個重要的數(shù)字，通常被認(rèn)為是好運的使者）和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber（九通常被認(rèn)為是一個幸運的數(shù)字）可知數(shù)字七與九代表好運，因此選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.（人們普遍認(rèn)為這個數(shù)字起源于耶穌最后的晚餐中有13人的事實）可知13這個數(shù)字來源于宗教，因此選B。3.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.（但奇怪的是，出生在13號的人一點也不害怕，這恰恰說明我們迷信的觀念是多么的不理智）可知作者對迷信帶有點批判的態(tài)度，因此選A。13.【答案】Childrenaretheangelsofadultsgivenbygod;petsaretheangelsofchildrengivenbyadults.Petscanbechildren'sgoodfriends.Theyplaywithchildren,aswellasexchangeemotionalfeelingswiththematthesametime.Childrencantelltheirownworriestopetsfortheyarethebestaudient.Whenchildrenarerebukedbyparentsorlaughedatbyothers,thesesilentlistenerscanbringthemcareandcomfort.Petscankeepchildrencompanywhentheyareill,givingthemcomfortandencouragingthemtofacedifficultiesandconstantlystrivingtobecomestronger.14.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項twistedadj.扭曲的；B選項irregularadj.不規(guī)則的，無整齊的；C選項deformedadj.丑陋的，畸形的；D選項distortedadj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根據(jù)humanvoice可知，D項符合搭配。句意：人聲在電話里聽起來總是有些失真。15.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項quarrel“爭吵，吵架”，強調(diào)以發(fā)生口角和吵架等形式引起的爭論；B選項suspicion“懷疑，嫌疑”；C選項verdict“裁定，裁決”；D選項controversy“(公開的)爭論，辯論”，指對引起廣泛興趣或非常重要的問題的辨論。根據(jù)thesafetyofnuclearenergy可知核能安全是一個重要的話題，因此選D。句意：在幾次核災(zāi)難之后，激起了一場關(guān)于核能安全的爭論。16.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項sociologyn.社會學(xué)；B選項isolationn.隔離，孤立；C選項solidarityn.團結(jié)，團結(jié)一致；D選項solon.獨奏，獨唱曲。句意：如果要取得勝利，國家和國際力量的團結(jié)必不可少。因此只有C項符合句意和搭配。17.【答案】C【解析】考查常用表達(dá)。understandbetterthan…表示“對……非常理解”。A選項morethantheenormousamountof比……大多數(shù)多；B選項betterthanmosttheenormousnumberof比……大多數(shù)好，后接可數(shù)名詞；C選項betterthanmosttheenormousamountof比……大多數(shù)好，后接不可數(shù)名詞；D選項fewerthanthenumberof比……數(shù)量少；其中，preparation是不可數(shù)名詞，故本題正確答案為C項。18.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項hindrancen.障礙，妨礙；Bmisfortunen.不幸，災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難；C選項catastrophen.大災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍；D選項threaten.威脅，恐嚇。句意：人口的增長是對地球上非人類生物生存的威脅。根據(jù)句意可知D項正確。19.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,aflectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理學(xué)家對于外部獎勵（不論是精神鼓勵還是物質(zhì)獎勵）如何影響動機和創(chuàng)造力持對立觀點。因此，心理學(xué)家因“外部獎勵對學(xué)生行為的影響持不同態(tài)度”而分成兩派。本題正確答案為D項。2.推理判斷題。文章第一段介紹了Behaviorists和Cognitiveresearchers的兩種不同觀點。而由文章第二段第一句話Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.可知，后者的觀點，也就是Cognitiveresearchers獲得了很多的支持，尤其是在教育工作者中。他們認(rèn)為獎賞會摧毀創(chuàng)造力。因此，大多數(shù)教育工作者對給予學(xué)生的外部獎勵持否定態(tài)度。正確答案為B項。3.推理判斷題。在文章第三段中，theUniversityofDelaware的RobertEisenberger表述了自己對于獎勵機制的觀點。他認(rèn)為如果孩子們知道是為得到獎勵而學(xué)習(xí)，并能專注完成相對有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造性。但如果對表現(xiàn)不好的孩子也給予獎勵，或者讓他們對獎勵有過分的期待，那么就很容易扼殺他們的創(chuàng)造力。因此，只有獎勵該得獎勵的孩子，才能發(fā)揮其創(chuàng)造性，正確答案為C項。4.推理判斷題。題干：大學(xué)正試圖嚴(yán)格評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是因為他們認(rèn)為什么？由文章第四段Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.可知，重點大學(xué)加強分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是因為“thelatterpoint”，也就是第三段中提及的it’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards這一觀點，因此A項符合題意。5.考查詞匯題。分析tokeneconomies后的定語從句inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity.可知，在這種機制下，學(xué)生能解決富有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)并且獲得獎勵，這將有望提高學(xué)生的努力度和創(chuàng)造性。因此，本題正確答案為B項“獎勵學(xué)生的機制”。20.【答案】A【解析】查短語搭配。A選項enrollv.參加，注冊，登記；B選項enlistv.謀取，征募，使入伍；C選項engagev.從事，答應(yīng)，保證，訂婚；D選項enterv.進入，開始，增加。由句意可知，既然Norris現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在紐約定居下來，那么他打算下學(xué)期報名參加一些晚上的課。因此，正確答案為A。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalkcoherently.問題1選項A.honestlyB.appropriatelyC.intelligiblyD.flexibly2.單選題Judiciouspraiseis（）thesunistoflowers.問題1選項A.likechildrentoB.aschildrenasC.tochildrenwhatD.thatchildrenwith3.單選題Ascientistdoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Instead,healwayschecks,studiesandmakesexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto_____them.問題1選項A.testifyB.verifyC.affirmD.assert4.單選題Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.問題1選項A.ontheguardB.onthewatchC.onwatchD.onalert5.單選題Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.問題1選項A.disposalB.bargainC.reductionD.sale6.單選題Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto______theweeklystaffmeeting.問題1選項A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate7.單選題Britishscientistsfindthatthenestinghabitsof20speciesofbirdswiththewarmingtrendoftheearth'satmosphere.問題1選項A.conflictB.coincideC.adaptD.approve8.單選題PeoplesaythatJohnSmithisveryeccentric.問題1選項A.neatB.nervousC.oddD.proud9.單選題Becausewewillneveragreeaboutthis,anyfurtherdiscussionis（）.問題1選項A.discernibleB.heedlessC.futileD.reflective10.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.11.單選題Itisduetotheinventionofthecomputerthatmanhasbeenabletoworksomany.Acase_____isthesuccessfullaunchingofspace