第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省廣州市科學(xué)城高三聯(lián)考英語試題（原卷版+解析版，無聽力部分）廣州市科學(xué)城中學(xué)2023屆高三第二學(xué)期英語5月月考試卷

第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

DoyouwanttotraveltotheNewEnglandAquariumandexperienceitIfyouareanaquariumsuperfan,Ibelieveyoumustbeinterestedinsomeinformationbelow.

AnimalEncounterPrograms

Diveintothewaterwithaseal.StandontopofthefourstoreyGiantOceanTanktofeedtheanimals.Gobehindthescenesofyourfavoriteexhibits.Whetheryouhaveanunquenchablecuriosityaboutoceanicanimalsoryouwantabrand-newobservationonpopularexhibits,fascinatingAnimalEncounterProgramsaredesignedfortheAquariumsuperfans.CallCentralReservationsat617-973-5206tobookyourprogram.

DailyPerformances

Don’tmissadayinthelifeoftheNewEnglandAquarium.Besuretocatchourdailyevents,whichincludepenguinfeedings,sealtrainingsessions,divesintheGiantOceanTankandliveanimalperformances.Ourdailyschedulewilltellyouwhenandwheretowatchyourfavoriteprogram.Allprogramsareincludedwithadmission.

SpecialPrograms

JoinusforfamilyactivitiesattheAquarium,whereweexploretheblueplanetmostdaysthroughart,animalsandotheractivities.WefocusononeanimaleverymonthwithBlueDiscoveriesFamilyDay,fromoctopusestowhales.Theseactivitiesareincludedwithadmission.Forafee,schoolsandotherqualifyinggroupscanalsochooseExplorerClassesforkidsandspecial3-Dshowings.

VirtualToursandVideos

BeforesteppingfootintheAquarium,exploresomeofourspecialexhibitsandlearnwhattoexpect.CheckouttheFieldTripOrientationvideobeforearrivingwithyourgroup.TheHowtoBeaSharkandRayWhisperervideogivesspecialinstructionsonhowtobestexperienceoursharkandraytouchtank.TheBlueImpactvirtualtourhighlightssomeofourexhibitsasitexplainstheimpactofclimatechangeonoceansaroundtheworld.

1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom

A.Amagazine.B.Aguidebook.

C.Atextbook.D.Anacademicarticle.

2.WhichactivityisNOTincludedwithadmission

A.Penguinfeedings.B.Sealtrainingsessions.

C.liveanimalperformances.D.ExplorerClasses.

3.What’sthepurposeofVirtualToursandVideos

A.Tohelpvisitorsbestexperiencetheaquarium.

B.Todrawattentiontoclimatechangeonoceans.

C.Tosellvideodisksoftheaquariumtothevisitors.

D.Togiveinstructionsonhowtoprotectoceanicanimals.

【答案】1.B2.D3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了新英格蘭水族館的四個項(xiàng)目信息。

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“DoyouwanttotraveltotheNewEnglandAquariumandexperienceit（你想去新英格蘭水族館體驗(yàn)一下嗎？）”和后文可知，本文主要介紹了新英格蘭水族館的四個項(xiàng)目信息，所以文章出處為guidebook“導(dǎo)游手冊”，故選擇B項(xiàng)。.

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Forafee,schoolsandotherqualifyinggroupscanalsochooseExplorerClassesforkidsandspecial3-Dshowings.(學(xué)校和其他有資格的團(tuán)體也可以付費(fèi)為孩子們選擇探索者課程和特殊3D放映。)”可知，為孩子們選擇探索班不包括在門票內(nèi)。故選擇D項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)最后一段“TheHowtoBeaSharkandRay(鰩魚)Whisperervideogivesspecialinstructionsonhowtobestexperienceoursharkandraytouchtank.（HowtoBeaShark和Ray（鰩魚)Whisper視頻提供了如何最好地體驗(yàn)我們的鯊魚和鰩魚接觸式水箱的特別說明。）”可知水族館設(shè)立虛擬旅游和視頻是為了幫助游客最好的體驗(yàn)水族館，故選擇A項(xiàng)。.

B

WhatkindofpeoplecanbecomescientistsWhenagroupofresearchersposedthatquestiontoninth-and10th-graders,almosteverystudentgavesuchresponsesas“Peoplewhoworkhard”or“Anyonewhoseemsinterestedinthefieldofscience.”

Manyofthesesamestudentsstruggledtoimaginethemselvesasscientists,citingconcernssuchas“I’mnotgoodatscience”and“EvenifIworkhard,Iwillnotdowell.”It’seasyforthemtoseeascientist’sworkasarisingfromaninborntalent.

Butforhighschoolstudents,learningmoreaboutsomestrugglesofscientistscanhelpstudentsfeelmoremotivatedtolearnscience.ResearchersatTeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversityofWashingtondesignedaninterventiontochangestudents’beliefsthatscientificachievementdependsonabilityratherthaneffortbyexposingstudentstostoriesofhowaccomplishedscientistsstruggledandovercamechallengesintheirscientificefforts.

Duringthestudy,thestudentsreadoneofthreetypesofstoriesaboutAlbertEinstein,MarieCurieandMichaelFaraday.Intellectual(智力的)strugglestories:storiesabouthowscientists“struggledintellectually,”suchasmakingmistakeswhileaddressingascientificproblemandlearningfromthem.Lifestrugglestories:storiesabouthowscientistsstruggledintheirpersonallives,suchasnotgivingupinthefaceofpovertyorlackoffamilysupport.Achievementstories:storiesabouthowscientistsmadegreatdiscoveries,withoutanydiscussionofcoexistingchallenges.

Researchersfoundthatstudentswhoheardeithertypeof“strugglestories”improvedtheirscienceperformanceafter-intervention,comparedtostudentsinthecontrolgroup.Theeffectwasespeciallypronouncedforlowerperformingstudents,forwhomexposuretostrugglingstoriesledtosignificantlybetterscience-classperformancethanlow-performingstudentswhoreadachievementstories.Inaddition,studentswhoreadstrugglestoriesreportedfeelingmorepersonallyconnectedtothescientists.Byrecognizingascientist’sstrugglesandintroducingthegrowthmindsetheorsheappliedtoaccomplishgreatworks,thestudentswereabletoempathize(共情)withthescientistsduringtheirownstruggles.

4.Whydostudentsfailtoimaginethemselvesasscientists

A.Theylackinterestinscience.B.Theyareshortofconfidence

C.Theydon’thaveinborntalent.D.Theyhavenoabilitytostudyscience

5.What’sthepurposeoftheintervention

A.Tointroducesomeinspirationalstoriestostudents.

B.Toexposestudentstoscientists’greatachievements.

C.Toensurestudentswillbecomescientistsinthefuture.

D.Toclearstudents’misunderstandingsofscientificwork.

6.Theunderlinedword“pronounced”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

A.minimalB.noticeableC.doubtfulD.long-lasting

7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch

A.Scienceabilityhasnothingtodowithefforts.

B.Studentsaremoremotivatedbyachievementstories.

C.Scientists’strugglestoriescaninfluencereaders’beliefs.

D.Low-performingstudentstendtofeelconnectedtoscientists.

【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了研究人員向九年級和十年級的學(xué)生提出“什么樣的人可以成為科學(xué)家”這個問題時(shí)，幾乎每個學(xué)生的回答都是“努力學(xué)習(xí)的人”或“對科學(xué)領(lǐng)域感興趣的人”。為了解除這種誤解，研究人員設(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)干預(yù)，即了解更多關(guān)于科學(xué)家的奮斗可以幫助學(xué)生更有動力學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，聽過任何一種“奮斗故事”的學(xué)生在干預(yù)后的科學(xué)表現(xiàn)都有所提高。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Manyofthesesamestudentsstruggledtoimaginethemselvesasscientists,citingconcernssuchas‘I’mnotgoodatscience’and‘EvenifIworkhard,Iwillnotdowell.’It’seasyforthemtoseeascientist’sworkasarisingfromaninborntalent.(同樣是這些學(xué)生中的許多人都很難將自己想象成科學(xué)家，理由是“我不擅長科學(xué)”和“即使我努力工作，也不會做得很好”。他們很容易將科學(xué)家的工作視為天生的才能。)”可知，這些學(xué)生認(rèn)為能夠成為科學(xué)家是天生的才能，“自己不擅長”或“即使努力也無法做好”這樣的理由可以看作為他們?nèi)狈ψ孕?，從而很難將自己想象成科學(xué)家。故選B項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“ResearchersatTeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversityofWashingtondesignedaninterventiontochangestudents’beliefsthatscientificachievementreflectsabilityratherthaneffortbyexposingstudentstostoriesofhowaccomplishedscientistsstruggledandovercamechallengesintheirscientificefforts.(教師學(xué)院、哥倫比亞大學(xué)和華盛頓大學(xué)的研究人員設(shè)計(jì)了一種干預(yù)措施，讓學(xué)生了解有成就的科學(xué)家在科學(xué)努力中如何努力和克服挑戰(zhàn)的故事，從而改變學(xué)生們認(rèn)為科學(xué)成就反映的是能力而不是努力的觀念。)”可知，這項(xiàng)干預(yù)通過讓學(xué)生們了解科學(xué)家們是如何努力奮斗克服挑戰(zhàn)的，以澄清學(xué)生對科學(xué)工作的誤解。故選D項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

詞義猜測題。分析可知，非限制性定語從句“forwhomexposuretostrugglingstoriesledtosignificantlybetterscience-classperformancethanlow-performingstudentswhoreadachievementstories.(對他們來說，接觸奮斗故事比閱讀成就故事的成績差的學(xué)生在科學(xué)課上表現(xiàn)更好)”的先行詞為“l(fā)owerperformingstudents(成績差的學(xué)生)”，因此可知，在“干預(yù)”后，接觸奮斗故事的成績差的學(xué)生和閱讀成就故事的成績差的學(xué)生在科學(xué)課上都有了好的表現(xiàn)，且二者之間通過對比出現(xiàn)了“更好”，由此可推知，干預(yù)對于成績差的學(xué)生效果顯著，因此，“Theeffectwasespeciallypronounced”應(yīng)是“效果顯著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”應(yīng)是“明顯的，顯著的”含義，與選項(xiàng)B“noticeable(顯而易見的)”含義相同。故選B項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾內(nèi)容“Byrecognizingascientist’sstrugglesandintroducingthegrowthmindsetheorsheappliedtoaccomplishgreatworks,thestudentswereabletoempathize(共情)withthescientistsduringtheirownstruggles.(通過認(rèn)識科學(xué)家的奮斗，并介紹他或她在完成偉大工作時(shí)所運(yùn)用的成長心態(tài)，學(xué)生們能夠在科學(xué)家的奮斗過程中感同身受。)”可知，通過了解一個科學(xué)家的奮斗史，學(xué)生們使得自己在奮斗過程中能夠產(chǎn)生與科學(xué)家的共鳴，從而能夠改變之前的對于科學(xué)家工作的誤解。由此可推知，科學(xué)家的奮斗故事可以影響讀者的信念。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

Itislikelythatmostpeoplehavethesharedfeeling:howcomeChristmasappearstocomearoundquickerandquickereachyearQuestionnairesbypsychologistshaveshownalmosteveryonefeelstimeispassingfasternowcomparedtowhentheywerehalforaquarterasold.Moststrikingly,lotsofexperimentshaveshownthat,whenolderpeopleareaskedtoguesshowlongthetimeis,orto“reproduce”thelengthofperiodsoftime,theyguessashorteramountthanyoungerpeople.

In1877,PaulJanetsuggestedtheproportionaltheory,whereachildof10feelsayearas1/10ofhiswholelifewhileamanof50as1/50,sothesubjectivesenseofthe50-year-oldmanisthattheseareinsignificantperiodsoftime.

Therearealsobiologicaltheories.Thespeedingupoftimeislinkedtohowourmetabolism(新陳代謝)graduallyslowsdownaswegrowolder.Children’sheartsbeatfasterthanadults’.Theybreathemorequickly.Withtheirbloodflowingmorequickly,theirbodyclocks“cover”moretimewithinthespaceof24hoursthanoursdoasadults.Ontheotherhand,olderpeoplearelikeclocksthatrunslowerthannormal,sothattheylagbehind,andcoverlessthan24hours.

Inthe1930s,thepsychologistHudsonHoaglandfoundbodytemperaturecausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.Once,whenhelookedafterhisillwife,henoticedshecomplainedhe’dbeenawayforalongtimeevenifonlyawayforafewmoments.Therefore,Hoaglandtestedherperceptionoftimeatdifferenttemperatures,findingthehigherhertemperature,themoretimeseemedtoslowdownforher,andthatraisingaperson’sbodytemperaturecanslowdownhissenseoftimepassingbyupto20%.

Timedoesn’tnecessarilyhavetospeedupaswegetolderthough.Itdependsonhowweliveourlives,andhowwerelatetoourexperiences.

8.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellbythequestionnairesandexperimentsinparagraph1

A.Theoldfeeltimefliesfasterthantheyoung.

B.Timenowisshorterthanbefore.

C.Agingmakespeoplethinkslowly.

D.Theoldvaluetimemorethanbefore.

9.WhichisNOTthefactorforchildren’sslowperceptionoftimeaccordingtobiologicaltheories

A.Children’sheartsbeatfasterthanadults’.

B.Childrenbreathemorequickly.

C.Childrenrunmorequickly.

D.Children’sbodyclocks“cover”moretimewithinthespaceof24hours.

10.WhomayfeeltimegomoreslowlybythetheoryofHudsonHoagland

A.Achildwithslowermetabolism.B.Akidfeelingill.

C.Agrown-upfeelingfreezing.D.Anadultwithahighfever.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A.HowTimeFlies!

B.Whatcausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.

C.LiveaFunLife!

D.Timeisspeedingup.

【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。大多數(shù)人可能都有同樣的感受：為什么圣誕節(jié)一年比一年來得快呢？心理學(xué)家的調(diào)查問卷顯示，幾乎每個人都覺得現(xiàn)在時(shí)間過得比自己年齡一半或四分之一時(shí)快。文章介紹了保羅·珍妮特提出的比例理論、生物學(xué)理論和心理學(xué)家哈德森·霍格蘭的體溫理論。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Questionnairesbypsychologistshaveshownalmosteveryonefeelstimeispassingfasternowcomparedtowhentheywerehalforaquarterasold.Moststrikingly,lotsofexperimentshaveshownthat,whenolderpeopleareaskedtoguesshowlongthetimeis,orto“reproduce”thelengthofperiodsoftime,theyguessashorteramountthanyoungerpeople.(心理學(xué)家的調(diào)查問卷顯示，幾乎每個人都覺得現(xiàn)在時(shí)間過得比自己年齡一半或四分之一時(shí)快。最引人注目的是，大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)老年人被要求猜測時(shí)間有多長，或“重現(xiàn)”一段時(shí)間的長度時(shí)，他們猜測的時(shí)間比年輕人要短)”可知，間卷調(diào)查和實(shí)驗(yàn)表明同樣長的一段時(shí)間，老年人覺得短，而孩子覺得很長，所以可以推理老年人覺得時(shí)間過得快。故選A項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thespeedingupoftimeislinkedtohowourmetabolism(新陳代謝)graduallyslowsdownaswegrowolder.Children’sheartsbeatfasterthanadults’.Theybreathemorequickly.Withtheirbloodflowingmorequickly,theirbodyclocks“cover”

moretimewithinthespaceof24hoursthanoursdoasadults.(時(shí)間的加速與我們的新陳代謝有關(guān)，隨著年齡的增長，速度逐漸變慢。孩子們的心跳比成年人快。他們呼吸得更快。由于他們的血液流動得更快，他們的生物鐘在24小時(shí)內(nèi)“覆蓋”的時(shí)間比我們成年人多。)”可知，兒童血液流動更快，而不是跑得快。故選C項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Therefore,Hoaglandtestedherperceptionoftimeatdifferent

temperatures,findingthehigherhertemperature,themoretimeseemedtoslowdownforher,andthatraisingaperson’sbodytemperaturecanslowdownhissenseoftimepassingbyupto20%.(因此，霍格蘭測試了她在不同溫度下的時(shí)間知覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)她的體溫越高，時(shí)間對她來說似乎越慢，而提高一個人的體溫可以使他對時(shí)間流逝的感覺慢20%)”可知，人的體溫越高，就會覺得時(shí)間越慢。由此可知，一個人發(fā)燒體溫高時(shí)會覺得時(shí)間過得比較慢。故選D項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。文章第一段“Itislikelythatmostpeoplehavethesharedfeeling:howcomeChristmasappearstocomearoundquickerandquickereachyear(可能大多數(shù)人都有這樣的感覺：圣誕節(jié)怎么一年比一年快？)”提到了人感覺時(shí)間過得更快了；第二段“In1877,PaulJanetsuggestedtheproportionaltheory,whereachildof10feelsayearas1/10ofhiswholelifewhileamanof50as1/50,sothesubjectivesenseofthe50-year-oldmanisthattheseareinsignificantperiodsoftime.(1877年，保羅·珍妮特提出了比例理論，一個10歲的孩子感覺一年是他一生的1/10，而一個50歲的男人感覺一年是他一生的1/50，所以50歲的男人主觀感覺這些都是不重要的時(shí)間。)”提到了保羅·珍妮特的比例理論；第三段“Therearealsobiologicaltheories.Thespeedingupoftimeislinkedtohowourmetabolism(新陳代謝)graduallyslowsdownaswegrowolder.(還有一些生物學(xué)理論。隨著年齡的增長，我們的新陳代謝逐漸減慢，這與時(shí)間的加快有關(guān)。)”從生物學(xué)理論解釋了時(shí)間加快的原因；第四段“Inthe1930s,thepsychologistHudsonHoaglandfoundbodytemperaturecausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.(20世紀(jì)30年代，心理學(xué)家哈德森·霍格蘭發(fā)現(xiàn)，體溫會導(dǎo)致對時(shí)間的不同感知。)”提到了哈德森·霍格蘭的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即體溫會導(dǎo)致時(shí)間的不同感知；最后一段“Timedoesn’tnecessarilyhavetospeedupaswegetolderthough.Itdependsonhowweliveourlives,andhowwerelatetoourexperiences.(不過，隨著年齡的增長，時(shí)間并不一定會加快。這取決于我們?nèi)绾紊?，以及我們?nèi)绾闻c我們的經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來。)”提到了時(shí)間并不一定會加快，這取決于如何生活。由此可推知，本文目的在于解釋“人為何會覺得時(shí)間在加快”這一問題。B項(xiàng)“Whatcausesdifferentperceptionsoftime.(是什么導(dǎo)致了不同的時(shí)間觀念)”最能概括本文主要內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。

D

Ifyou’renotatleastabitterrifiedbytheclimateandecologicalbreakdownunfoldingbeforeoureyes,youhaven’tgraspedthescaleofthecrisis.Eco-anxiety,definedas“achronic(長期的)fearofenvironmentaldoom”,isontherise.Butredirectingthisanxietyintoangerandcollectiveactionmightjustpullhumanitybackfromthebrink.

Wedon’tyetknowhowdeeplyeco-anxietyaffectspeople,butwecanlearnnottorepeatthemistakesoflong-gonesocietieslosttoenvironmentalcollapse.JaredDiamond’sCollapse:HowSocietiesChoosetoFailorSucceeduncoversthecommondriverthatledtothefallofancientcivilizationssuchastheCentralAmericanMayan,theremotePacificEasterIsland,andtheMycenae:Peopleaccidentallydestroyedtheenvironmentalresourcesonwhichtheirsocietiesdepended.

Today,wearelivinginanewclimateandecologicalage.Thenewnormalisonethathumanshaveneverbeforeexperiencedonearth,andthathasoccurredwithinasinglegeneration.Wecan’tclaimignorance.Numerousscientificreportsshow:unprecedented(空前)wildfiresintheArctic,heatwavesannuallybreakingrecords,theAmazonshrinkinganddrying,andspeciesextinctionratesaccelerating.Nature’sdangerousdeclineisunprecedented.

So,it’snotsurprisingthateco-anxietyisontherise.Anxietyisoftenaprivateemotionalstate:Wefeelalone,stuckinsideourownheads,andouremotionsstopusfromdoingthethingswewant.Butanger,directedappropriately,canfuelpowerfulcollectiveactionforchange.

Weareonapathwaytodestroytheglobalconditionsforhumansurvival.Unlikepreviouscivilizations,wehavethescienceandtechnologytounderstandourdangerandchartanewpathway.Thisisamomentforallofustochanneloureco-anxiety,fearandangerintoenergyforchange.

12.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes“eco-anxiety”

A.Uncertaintyaboutthefuture.B.Anxietyaboutmoderncivilization.

C.Fearofchangesinthelivingstandard.D.Worriesaboutthedestructionofnature.

13.WhyaresomeancientcivilizationsmentionedinParagraph2

A.Towarnpeopletolearnalessonfromthepast.

B.Toprovetheimportanceofancientcivilizations.

C.Topresentthecollapseofancientcivilizations.

D.Toaddsomebackgroundinformationoneco-anxiety.

14.Whyiseco-anxietyontherise

A.Peoplelacktheknowledgeaboutnature.B.Natureisinitsmostdangerousstateever.

C.Climateissuescan’tbesolvedeffectively.D.Peoplehavelimitedaccesstonaturalresources.

15.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheglobalconditionsforhumansinthefuture

A.Frustrated.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Concerned.

【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述的是生態(tài)焦慮——對環(huán)境毀滅的長期恐懼。大自然的危險(xiǎn)衰退是前所未有的，雖然我們還不知道生態(tài)焦慮對人們的影響有多深，但我們可以學(xué)會不重蹈那些因環(huán)境崩潰而消失已久的社會的錯誤。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Eco-anxiety,definedas“achronic(長期的)fearofenvironmentaldoom”,isontherise.（生態(tài)焦慮，被定義為“對環(huán)境毀滅的長期恐懼”，正在上升）”可知，生態(tài)焦慮是指對自然破壞的擔(dān)憂。由此推知，D項(xiàng)“對自然破壞的擔(dān)憂”符合題意。故選D。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Wedon’tyetknowhowdeeplyeco-anxietyaffectspeople,butwecanlearnnottorepeatthemistakesoflong-gonesocietieslosttoenvironmentalcollapse.（我們還不知道生態(tài)焦慮對人們的影響有多深，但我們可以學(xué)會不重蹈那些因環(huán)境崩潰而消失已久的社會的錯誤）”推知，第二段提到一些古代文明，以警告人們從過去吸取教訓(xùn)。故選A。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Numerousscientificreportsshow:unprecedented(空前的)wildfiresintheArctic，heatwavesannuallybreakingrecords，theAmazonshrinkinganddrying,andspeciesextinctionratesaccelerating.Nature’sdangerousdeclineisunprecedented.（大量的科學(xué)報(bào)告表明：北極史無前例的野火，每年都打破記錄的熱浪，亞馬遜萎縮和干燥，物種滅絕速度加快。大自然的危險(xiǎn)衰退是前所未有的）”和第四段的“So,it’snotsurprisingthateco-anxietyisontherise.（因此，生態(tài)焦慮癥的上升也就不足為奇了）”推知，生態(tài)焦慮的上升，是因?yàn)樽匀唤缯幱谟惺芬詠碜钗ｋU(xiǎn)的狀態(tài)。故選B。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Unlikepreviouscivilizations,wehavethescienceandtechnologytounderstandourdangerandchartanewpathway.Thisisamomentforallofustochanneloureco-anxiety,fearandangerintoenergyforchange.（與以前的文明不同，我們有科學(xué)和技術(shù)來了解我們的危險(xiǎn)，并繪制出新的道路。這是我們所有人將對生態(tài)環(huán)境的焦慮、恐懼和憤怒轉(zhuǎn)化為變革能量的時(shí)刻）”推知，對人類未來的全球狀況充滿希望。故選C。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Colorpsychologyisthestudyofhowcolorsaffecthumanbehavior,mood,orphysiologicalprocesses.Colorsaffectourfeelingsandmemories.___16___Companieschoosecolorsthattheybelievewillmotivatecustomerstobuytheirproductsandimprovebrandawareness.

Colorperceptionisverysubjective,asdifferentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutandresponsestocolors.Severalfactorsinfluencecolorperception,whichmakesitdifficulttodetermineifcoloraloneimpactsouremotionsandactions.___17___Insomecultures,forexample,whiteisassociatedwithhappinessandpurity.Inasituationwhereawomaniswearingawhiteweddingdress,isshehappybecausesheisinfluencedbythecolorwhiteorbecausesheisgettingmarriedTosomeonefromadifferentculture,wearingwhitemaysignifysadness.___18___

Whilenodirectcauseandeffectrelationshipbetweencolorandbehaviorhasbeenfound,somegeneralizationsaboutcolorsandwhattheymaysymbolizehavebeendetermined.Colorsincludingred,yellow,andorangeareconsideredwarmcolors.___19___Coolcolorsincludeblue,violet,andgreen.Thesecolorsareassociatedwithcalmnessandcoolness.

___20___Weseecolorswithourbrains.Oureyesareimportantfordetectingandrespondingtolight,butitisthebrain'svisualcenterintheoccipitallobes（枕葉）thatprocessesvisualinformationandassignscolor.Thecolorsweseearedeterminedbythewavelengthoflightthatisreflected.Thebrainintegratesthesewavelengthsignalsenablingustodistinguishamongmillionsofdifferentcolors.

A.Wedon'tactuallyseecolorswithoureyes.

B.Ourbrainassociatesthewavelengthwithacolor.

C.Colorsalsohavebeenusedtotreatvariousdiseases.

D.Theyareeventhoughttoinfluenceourbuyingchoices.

E.Thesecolorsarethoughttostimulateexcitingemotions.

F.Theinfluentialfactorsofcolorperceptionincludeageandculture.

G.Thisisbecausewhiteisassociatedwithsorrowanddeathinthosecultures.

【答案】16.D17.F18.G19.E20.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。介紹了色彩如何影響人類行為、情緒或生理過程等，有很多因素會影響顏色感知，如年齡或文化等等。我們實(shí)際上不是用眼睛看到顏色的。我們用大腦看到顏色。

【16題詳解】

此處為段中設(shè)空，要根據(jù)前后文的語義邏輯關(guān)系來判斷。根據(jù)前一句“Colorsaffectourfeelingsandmemories.（顏色影響我們的感覺和記憶。）”可知，這一空將會繼續(xù)說顏色的影響。根據(jù)后一句“Companieschoosecolorsthattheybelievewillmotivatecustomerstobuytheirproductsandimprovebrandawareness.（公司選擇他們認(rèn)為會激勵顧客購買他們的產(chǎn)品和提高品牌知名度的顏色。）”可知，顏色會影響我們的購買選擇。D選項(xiàng)“他們甚至被認(rèn)為會影響我們的購買選擇?！狈险Z境，故選D。

【17題詳解】

此處為段中設(shè)空，要根據(jù)前后文的語義邏輯關(guān)系來判斷。根據(jù)上文“Severalfactorsinfluencecolorperception,whichmakesitdifficulttodetermineifcoloraloneimpactsouremotionsandactions.（有幾個因素會影響顏色感知，這使得很難確定顏色是否會單獨(dú)影響我們的情緒和行為。）”可知，這一空將會談到“顏色感知的影響因素”。根據(jù)下文“Insomecultures,forexample,whiteisassociatedwithhappinessandpurity.（例如，在某些文化中，白色與幸福和純潔聯(lián)系在一起。）”和“Tosomeonefromadifferentculture,wearingwhitemaysignifysadness.（對于來自不同文化的人來說，穿白色可能意味著悲傷。）”可知，文化是影響顏色感知的因素之一。F選項(xiàng)“Theinfluentialfactorsofcolorperceptionincludeageandculture.”中，“Theinfluentialfactorsofcolorperception”與上文一致，“culture”與下文一致，故選F。

【18題詳解】

此處為段末設(shè)空，在語義上要承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Tosomeonefromadifferentculture,wearingwhitemaysignifysadness.（對于來自不同文化的人來說，穿白色可能意味著悲傷）”可知，此空可能會通過舉例等方式來對前一句觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證。G選項(xiàng)“Thisisbecausewhiteisassociatedwithsorrowanddeathinthosecultures.（這是因?yàn)樵谀切┪幕?，白色與悲傷和死亡聯(lián)系在一起。）”與語境相符，故選G。

【19題詳解】

此處為段中設(shè)空，要根據(jù)前后文的語義邏輯關(guān)系來判斷。根據(jù)上文“Colorsincludingred,yellow,andorangeareconsideredwarmcolors.（包括紅色、黃色和橙色在內(nèi)的顏色被認(rèn)為是暖色。）”和下文“Coolcolorsincludeblue,violet,andgreen.Thesecolorsareassociatedwithcalmnessandcoolness.（冷色包括藍(lán)色、紫色和綠色。這些顏色與平靜和冷靜聯(lián)系在一起。）”可知，此處應(yīng)該要說明暖色調(diào)與情緒的關(guān)聯(lián)性。E選項(xiàng)“Thesecolorsarethoughttostimulateexcitingemotions.（這些顏色被認(rèn)為能激發(fā)興奮的情緒）”剛好與冷色調(diào)形成對比，與下文一致?！皌hesecolors”指代“blue,violet,andgreen”，承接上文。故選E。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Oureyesareimportantfordetectingandrespondingtolight,butitisthebrain'svisualcenterintheoccipitallobes（枕葉）thatprocessesvisualinformationandassignscolor.（我們的眼睛對于探測光線和對光線做出反應(yīng)非常重要，但處理視覺信息和分配顏色的是大腦枕葉的視覺中心。）”可知，Weseecolorswithourbrains.（我們用大腦看到顏色。），言外之意，我們不是用眼睛看顏色的。A選項(xiàng)“Wedon'tactuallyseecolorswithoureyes.”符合文意，故選A。

第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

(一)

Thereoncewasanordinarystreetinthesuburbswherenoonecaredmuchfortheirgardens.Thelawnswereovergrown,theweedswere_____21_____andthehedges(樹籬)desperatelyneededtobecutback.Itlookedvery_____22_____.Butwhentheneighborssawtheir_____23_____,theyjustlookedateachotherandlaughed.

Itseemedtoohardto_____24_____allthegardensandnoonecouldbebotheredtomakethembetterbecauseeveryone'sgardenwas_____25_____terrible.Noonefeltitwasurgentto_____26_____anything.ThenagardenernamedBillmovedin.Billwasa_____27_____,hard-workingandpatientmanwhostartedworkinginthegardenassoonashe_____28_____inthestreet.Hetookhislawnmower(割草機(jī))outtocutbackthegrassandpulledoutalloftheweeds.Finally,hetookuphisgardeningandstarted_____29_____hishedges,makingthemlooklikeflowers,plants,stones,balls,etc.

Attractedbythe______30______,theneighborswalkedbyandadmiredthenewlymanicured(修整的)garden.Oversometime,somethinginterestinghappened.Onebyone,theneighborsstartedtoputinmore______31______intheirowngardensandthesoundsoflawnmowerscouldbeheardagain.Afterafewmonths,thestreetwas______32______fromadirty,unappealingcollectionofhousestoabeautifulavenuethatwouldn'tbeoutofplaceinastylishmagazine.

Oneperson'sactionshowedeveryonewhatcouldbeachievedwithalittle______33______work.It'seasyforusto______34______theenvironmentaroundusbecausenooneelsecaresaboutit.Rememberwhatyoupositivelydonotonly______35______yourself,butalsoresultsinachangetothewholeworld.

21A.takingoverB.dyingoutC.givingD.fallingoff

22.A.tidyB.delicateC.familiarD.awful

23.A.gardensB.doorsC.roofsD.farms

24.A.purchaseB.guardC.clearD.build

25.A.scarcelyB.invisiblyC.slightlyD.equally

26.A.keepB.changeC.reachD.defeat

27.A.proudB.casualC.neatD.selfless

28.A.settledB.steppedC.performedD.stood

29.A.plantingB.pickingC.wateringD.shaping

30.A.officeclerkB.fashiondesignerC.landscapegardenerD.streetcleaner

31.A.furnitureB.staffC.effortD.heat

32.A.transformedB.movedC.enlargedD.passed

33.A.mentalB.hardC.corporateD.optional

34.A.observeB.mindC.overlookD.pollute

35.A.trapsB.benefitsC.defendsD.admires

【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.C32.A33.B34.C35.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章通過講述一條街的鄰居在比爾的影響下開始清理自己的花園，讓周圍環(huán)境更美的故事，告訴讀者一個人的行為可以向人們展示只需要一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)努力就可以做出改變。

【21題詳解】

考查動詞和動詞短語辨析。句意：草坪雜草叢生，雜草占據(jù)了花園，樹籬迫切地需要修剪。A.takingover接管，接收；B.dyingout滅絕；C.giving給；D.fallingoff跌落，下降。根據(jù)上文的“Thelawnswereovergrown”可知，此處指雜草接管了花園，即“占據(jù)”。故選A。

【22題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它看起來非常糟糕。A.tidy整潔的；B.delicate精美的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.awful糟糕的。根據(jù)上文的“Thelawnswereovergrown,theweedswere_____1_____andthehedges(樹籬)desperatelyneededtobecutback.”可知，這里的花園雜草叢生，看起來非常糟糕。故選D。

23題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)鄰居看著他們的花園時(shí)，他們只是相視而笑。A.gardens花園；B.doors門；C.roofs屋頂；D.farms農(nóng)場。根據(jù)上文的“Thereoncewasanordinarystreetinthesuburbswherenoonecaredmuchfortheirgardens.”可知，此處是指花園。故選A。

【24題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：要把所有這些花園清理干凈似乎不容易，大家都懶得去收拾，因?yàn)樗腥说幕▓@都一樣糟糕。A.purchase購買；B.guard守衛(wèi)；C.clear清理；D.build建造。根據(jù)下文的“tomakethembetter”可知，此處是指清理這些花園。故選C。

【25題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：要把所有這些花園清理干凈似乎不容易，大家都懶得去收拾，因?yàn)樗腥说幕▓@都一樣糟糕。A.scarcely幾乎不；B.invisibly看不見地；C.slightly稍微地；D.equally相同的。根據(jù)上文的“wherenoonecaredmuchfortheirgardens.”可知，這條街上人們的花園都同樣糟糕，因?yàn)榇蠹叶疾魂P(guān)心花園。故選D。

【26題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒人覺得迫切需要改變什么。A.keep保持；B.change改變；C.reach到達(dá)；D.defeat打敗。結(jié)合上文提到大家看到雜草叢生的花園都無動于衷、不想清理可知，沒人想要做出改變。且下文的“butalsoresultsinachangetothewholeworld.”也是提示。故選B。

【27題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：比爾是一個整潔、勤勞以及有耐心的人，他到這條街安頓下來就開始在花園里忙碌起來。A.proud驕傲的；B.casual隨意的；C.neat整潔的；D.selfless無私的。根據(jù)下文的“Hetookhislawnmower(割草機(jī))outtocutbackthegrassandpulledoutalloftheweeds.”可知，比爾開始清理花園，由此推知他是一個愛整潔的人。故選C。

【28題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：比爾是一個整潔、勤勞以及有耐心的人，他到這條街安頓下來就開始在花園里忙碌起來。A.settled定居，安頓；B.stepped踏；C.performed表演；D.stood站。根據(jù)上文的“ThenagardenernamedBillmovedin.”可知，比爾搬到了這條街，即在這里安頓下來。故選A。

【29題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他開始了園藝，開始給樹籬造型，讓它們看起來像花、植物、石頭、球或者其他。A.planting種植；B.picking摘；C.watering澆水；D.shaping塑造，造型。根據(jù)下文的“makingthemlooklikeflowers,plants,stones,balls,etc.”可知，比爾在給樹籬造型，讓它們看起來更美。故選D。

【30題詳解】

考查名詞詞組辨析。句意：被園林園丁吸引，鄰居們專程過來欣賞剛剛休整好的花園。A.officeclerk辦公室職員；B.fashiondesigner時(shí)尚設(shè)計(jì)師；C.landscapegardener園林園??；D.streetcleaner街道清掃員。根據(jù)上文的“hetookuphisgardeningandstarted_____9_____hishedges,makingthemlooklikeflowers,plants,stones,balls,etc.”可推知，比爾是一個園林園丁。故選C。

【31題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：鄰居們陸續(xù)開始投入更多的精力到自己的花園，割草機(jī)的聲音又可以被聽見了。A.furniture家具；B.staff員工；C.effort努力，精力；D.heat熱量。根據(jù)上文的“Thereoncewasan