現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時、一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別*現(xiàn)在完成時與*1（一）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時的概念一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與yesterday、yesterdayafternoon、thedaybeforeyesterday、lastyear、in1965、amomentago、justnow等表示過去的具體的時間狀語連用。例如：Hecamehereyesterday.*（一）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時的概念一般過去時2現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作（或狀態(tài)）對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果．常與ever，never，before,

twice,already

,just，yet，sofar，since,for，uptonow，inpastyears等，皆不確定或模糊的時間狀語連用。例如Hehasjustbrokenhisbottle.**3一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài).通常與副詞sometimes,often,usually,always,everyday(year,month),once(twice,threetimes)aday,等時間狀語連用。

Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.

Itakethemedicinethreetimesaday.

Shehelpshermotheronceaweek.

HeoftenwatchesTv.MarylikesreadinginterestingstoriesMary’sfatherisapoliceman.

Thereare50studentsinmyclass.

*一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài).通常與副詞4(二）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別１）現(xiàn)在完成時是表示過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，主要說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況和狀態(tài)；而一般過去時則強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài).與過去沒有關(guān)系。例如：Wehaven'tseenhimsincelastyear.我們自從去年以來一直未見到他（現(xiàn)在還未見到）Wedidn'tseehimlastyear.我們?nèi)ツ隂]見到他.（現(xiàn)在不一定未見到）Ioftenseehim.(現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常見到)*(二）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時和１）現(xiàn)在完成時是表示過去的動5２）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在）的某個動作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時間狀語連用，一般過去時表示過去某一特定（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）的時間，與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用。例如：Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.

自他出生以來一直居住在這兒。（since自從…以來，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，說明他還居住在這兒。）LiuMeiwenttoseehergrandmotherlastnight.劉梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只說明昨晚）*２）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在）的某個6例如：Wearegoodfriends(現(xiàn)在情況)

我們是好朋友。Igot

to

knowhimin2005.(過去的動作)

我在2005年認識（結(jié)識）他Wehave

knowneachothersince2005.(現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在)

自從2005年來我們就相互認識。*例如：Wearegoodfriends(現(xiàn)在情況)*7（三）值得注意幾個問題１）動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到說話的時候，并且還在延續(xù)時，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.

我們學(xué)英語兩年了２）指過去的經(jīng)歷，但沒有表示過去的時間狀語，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.我曾去過上海兩次．３）句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,last

week,in1960）時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.4）以When開頭的特殊疑問句，要用一般過去時。例如：Whendidyouloseyourpen?你什么時候丟了鋼筆？*（三）值得注意幾個問題１）動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到說話的時85）just(剛剛）與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，justnow(剛才）與一般過去時連用。例如：Thetrainhasjustgone.火車剛剛離開。Thetrainleftherejustnow.火車是剛才離開。6）since作介詞，后面跟時間名詞一起作狀語時，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時；since作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。7）sofar，inthelast/past……與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。例如：Sofar，manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Inthelast30years，ourliveshavechangedalot.Hehasworkedinthisfactorysince1996.Ihaveknownhimsincehewasachild.*5）just(剛剛）與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，justnow(9

(四）現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)注意的四個區(qū)別

1）延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞的區(qū)別。

2）since和

for的區(qū)別。3）have/hasgoneto；

have/hasbeento；have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別。4)already和yet

的區(qū)別*(四）現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)注意的四個區(qū)別1）延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性10

A、leave—beenawayfrombuy—haveborrow—keepdie—bedeadgetup—beupturnon—beoncome/getback—bebackgototown—beintown

finish—beovercatchacold—haveacoldclose—beclosed/notopenopen—beopenfallill/asleep—beill/asleepbegin/start—beonget/receivealetterfrom—havealetterfromB、cometo—behere/therearrivein（at）/getto/reach——behere/therejointheArmy-------beintheArmy/beasoldierjointheLeague-----beintheLeague/bealeaguemember（五）延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納*A、leave—beenawayfrom11Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化*延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化*12Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化(keys)*延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化(keys)*13for和since的運用

since表“自從……

以來”。1)since+時間點He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

*for和since的運用

since表“自從……

以來”。*14for+時間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.例如：for:(長達）1.He

has

stayed

here

for

3

hours.2.He

has

stayed

here

since

3

hours

ago.

3.He

has

stayed

here

since

3

o’clock.4.He

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.*for+時間段*15Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:Wehavehadthenewcomputer_______aweek.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_______Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthisschool______1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother______overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit______twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit______twoyears.sincesinceforsinceforfor*Fillintheblankswith“for”16JameshasbeeninCanada______Monday.JameshasbeeninCanada______fourdays.JamescametoCanadafourdays_____.MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_____15years.MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years_____.ShehaslivedinBrazil______15years______.Mikehasbeeninhospital_______October.Mikehasbeeninhospital______twomonthsMikecametothehospitaltwomonths______Hehasbeeninhospital______twomonths___填上since,for或者ago.sinceforagoforagosince

agosinceforagosince

ago*JameshasbeeninCanada_____17Theygotmarriedsixmonths_____.Theyhasbeenmarried_______sixmonths.Theyhavebeenmarried_____6months____.IfirstmetSusantwoyears_____.IhaveknownSusan_____twoyears.IhaveknownSusan______twoyearsago.Sueisintheoffice.She’sbeenthere_____threehours.Suecametotheofficethreehours_____.Suehasbeenintheoffice_____3hours____.agoforsince

agoagoforsinceforagosince

ago*Theygotmarriedsixmonths__18

havegonetohavebeentohavebeenin去了某地，不在這里曾經(jīng)去過某地,已回來呆在某地（多長時間）{◆Sheisn’there.Shehasgonetothereading-room.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice/once/before.ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.

*havegoneto去了某地，不在這里曾經(jīng)去過19have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。

----WhereisTom?湯姆在哪里？

----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到書店去了。FatherhasgonetoHongKong.He’llbebackinaweek.爸爸到香港去了,一星期后回來*have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表20II.have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？梢耘cjust,ever,never等連用。Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛剛?cè)ミ^郵局。TimhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？*II.have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過21have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。

IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去過北京三次。TheyhavebeentothatHappyValleysseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^歡樂谷好幾次了

*have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過22have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了WehavebeeninShenzhenMiddleSchoolJuniorCampusforovertwomonths.我們在深中初中部兩個多月了.*have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時間23用have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento或have/hasbeenin

填空。1.Billisonholidayatthemoment.He__________Spain.hasgoneto2.“Where’sLily?”“She’snothere.Ithinkshe____________tothebank.”hasgoneto3.Hello,Sue.Where_____you_____?_____you_________thebank?havebeenHavebeento4.Timisinhopital.He___________hospitalforfivedays.hasbeenin*用have/hasgoneto,have/hasbe245.“Howlong_____she_______England?”“She________EnglandsinceMonday.”forthreedays.{hasbeeninhasbeento6.Myfather_________Shanghaitwice.hasbeenin7.Ican’findSusan.Where____she_____?8.Oh,HelloSusan!Iwaslookingforyou.Where______you______?hasgonehavebeen*5.“Howlong_____she______25already和yet的區(qū)別

already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑問句或否定句末。但表驚訝時already也可用于疑問句。例如：1.Tom

has

already

finished

his

home-work.2.

Tom

hasn’t

finished

his

homeworkyet.

3.What!Have

you

already

finished

it?*already和yet的區(qū)別

already常用于肯定句中26Shallweeatlunch?Iam________hungry.Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_____?No,not______.Hasthebellrung_____?Yes,Ithas________rung.Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired____.Wehave_______changedtheplanbecauseLindahasn’tmadeuphermind______.

Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_____?Yes.Wehave________orderedit.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetFillinalreadyoryetwhenneeded*Shallweeatlunch?Iam_____27

Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1、Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour.2、LiuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears.3、Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago.4、Thelittlegirlhasfallenasleepforfourhours.5、Whenhaveyoucleanedtheclassroom?It’scleannow.6、Howlonghaveyoucaughtacold?7、Shehasgottenlettersfromhermothersincelastweek.火眼金睛beenupbeeninbeenatbeenasleepdidcleanhadhad*Correctthemistakesi28Multiplechoice.()1.–Hasyourbrotherfoundhislostcar____?-No,hehasn’t.A.stillB.alreadyC.justD.yet()2.Thevisitors_____hereforaweek.A.haveleftB.havecomeC.havearrivedD.havebeen()3.Where____you_____alltheseyears,Jim?A.have,beenB.did,beC.were,beenD.did,stay()4.I’ve____thisdictionary____ayear.A.bought,forB.had,forC.bought,sinceD.had,sinceDDAB*Multiplechoice.DDAB*29()5.You____herebefore,____you?A.neverare,areB.nevercame,doC.haveneverbeen,haveD.werenever,were()6.Thedoctor____toBeijingtwice.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.goes()7.Mymotherhas___madeabigmooncakeherself.A.alreadyB.yetC.justD.always()8.-MrGreenisnolongerworkinghere.He____hereforamonth.A.hasgoneB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.leftCBAC*()5.You____herebefore,30()

9.______you__________thefilmbefore?Where_____you____it?

A.Haveseen，didsee

B.Didsee，didwatchC.Haveseen，haveseenD.Didsee,haveseen(