虛擬語氣Subjunctive虛張停虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,是用來表示說話人所說的話不是個事實,而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中);二是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣在在條件從句中在條件從句中(叫虛擬條件句),表示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況(以do為例)表示與事實情條件從句的謂語形主句的謂語形式?jīng)r相反式表示現(xiàn)在情況過去式(dWould/could/might(be常用were)/should(用于第1人稱)+動詞原形(do表示過去情況過去完成式(had上面4個情態(tài)動詞+done+navedone表示將來情況|①對過去式did)Wouldcoushould+domight/should③weretodo動詞原形(do)虛張停虛擬語氣在在條件從句中[例句Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim要是你早來幾分鐘的話,你就能見到他了。與過去事實相反2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou明天要是天氣好的話,我來看你。(與將來事實可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的話,我會馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反,事實上我不可能是你1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethimHadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,IwouldcometoseeyouWereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.3.IfIkneweverything,Iwouldn'tbehereDidIknoweverything,Iwouldn'tbehere虛張停虛擬語氣在:在賓語從句中、記住:這些動詞后面接的賓語從句:表示愿望(wish),建議(suggest,advice,propose,recommend),要求(demand,request,require,insist,命令(order,command)等。2、除wish外,其它動詞用should+do構(gòu)成,should可以省略。3、wish接賓語從句有三種情況:)現(xiàn)在:用過去式2)過去:用過去完成式(haddone)3)將來:用情態(tài)動詞(would/could)+do1.Wish現(xiàn)在的賓語過去:過去從句未來×1.Iwishiwereabird.(現(xiàn)在2.Iwishihadntmadesuchamistake.(過去3.WewishourparentswouldntpunishuS.(將來)虛張停虛擬語氣在:在賓語從句中[例句]1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside我希望她能站在我一邊2wishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)4.Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。5.Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。虛張停虛擬語氣在:在賓語從句中4、記住:insist/suggest各有兩種意思,要用不同的語氣nsist表示“堅決要求”時,用虛擬形式,即should+dnsist表示“堅稱,堅持說”時,用陳述語氣,表示事實Suggest表示“建議”時,用虛擬形式Suggest表示“表明、暗示”時,用陳述語氣。[例句1)Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。2)Thehalfsmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.3)Heinsistedthatallofus(should)bethereontimebyanymeans他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。4)Heinsistedthathewasright他堅持說他是對的虛張停虛擬語氣在在主語從句中在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strangenatural)that…”中,that后面的從句中的謂語動詞用:should+動詞原形例句1.It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow我們有必要出去散散步。2.It