..頁(yè)腳動(dòng)詞的-ing形式按功能可分為動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式何時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，何時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞。首先，我們要從概念上區(qū)分。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)，稱為動(dòng)名詞；用作形容詞或副詞時(shí)，稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。其次，我們要從用法方面區(qū)分動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞。一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語(yǔ)。1．動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ).ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.閱讀法文比講法語(yǔ)容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他說(shuō)話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。有時(shí)it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞主語(yǔ)放在句子后面It'sniceseeingyouagain.再次見(jiàn)到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.從早到晚開(kāi)車很累人?！癟hereis+no"后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很難說(shuō)。Therewasnoarguingwithher.沒(méi)法和她爭(zhēng)論。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語(yǔ)。有許多動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。Soyoupreferlivingabroad?這樣說(shuō)你更愿意住在國(guó)外？有許多帶介詞的動(dòng)詞固定搭配接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。Priceskeeponincreasing.價(jià)格不斷上漲。三、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞不可以用作狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞及其短語(yǔ)可以用作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前或之后，也可能與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。（表時(shí)間）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我們住在鄉(xiāng)下，交際的機(jī)會(huì)很少。（表原因）Havingmoney,hewillbuyabiggercar.（表?xiàng)l件）Knowingthesecret,shewouldnottellmeaboutit..（表讓步）Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了.（表結(jié)果）Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墻站著.（表方式或伴隨情況）四、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語(yǔ)，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的~ing的作用相當(dāng)于名詞時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞。1．動(dòng)名詞用作表語(yǔ)Herhobbyispainting.她的愛(ài)好是繪畫。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。2．現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語(yǔ)Thenewsisencouraging.這消息令人鼓舞。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。五、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，即:現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系。通常能改為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，或用途或功能兩者在邏輯上無(wú)主謂關(guān)系。因此，只能改為一個(gè)for加動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)。1．動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater飲用水swimmingsuit游泳衣waitingroom候車sleepingbag睡袋parkinglot停車場(chǎng)sleepingpill安眠藥writingdesk寫字桌sewingmachine縫紉機(jī)writingpaper信紙。peratingtable手術(shù)室checkingaccount活期賬divingsuit潛水衣readingroom閱覽室divingboard跳板playingground運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)washingmachine洗衣機(jī)boxingcompetition拳擊比賽washingpowder洗衣粉speakingcontest演講比賽fishingpole釣魚桿fishingline釣魚線2．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家aboomingtown日漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn)growingdoubts越來(lái)越大的懷疑theexistingcondition現(xiàn)有條件theremainingdays乘寸下的歲月lastingpeace持久的和平afallingstar流星theleadingnewspapers主要報(bào)紙therulingclass統(tǒng)治階級(jí)livingthings有生命的東西theageingpopulation老化的人口therisinggeneration成長(zhǎng)的一代六、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，與前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。具有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞多為表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如：smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另外，有些使役動(dòng)詞如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。還有，作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)前面可有as,前面的動(dòng)詞多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等。現(xiàn)在分詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，多用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合主語(yǔ)。而動(dòng)名詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)對(duì)相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞卻沒(méi)這些規(guī)定。1．動(dòng)名詞用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻°（robbing是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）Thisiscalledturningthingsupsidedown.這叫做把事物顛倒了。（turning是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）2．現(xiàn)在分詞用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他等著歡迎我們。Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我們使火一直燃燒著。

現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞Theoldfarmer,thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,forhelp.supporting；callingB.supportedby；calledC.beingsupportedby;calledD.beingsupporting；calledOh,it'salreadyaquarterpastsix.Whatshallwedoatthemeetingthisevening?We'llgoonwiththematterthisafternoon.bediscussedB.beingdiscussingC.discussedD.whichdiscussedThebravemandied,hisyoungwifenothingbutacottage.A.left；breakingB.leaving；brokenC.left；brokenD.toleave；breakinghardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.A.HavingbeenworkedB.NottohaveworkedC.HavingneverworkedD.Neverhaveworkedtheexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.A.NopassingB.HavingpassedC.NotpassingD.NothavingpassedTime,Icanhavedoneitbetter.A.permitB.bepermittedC.permittingD.topermit,theboycouldn'tenterhishouse.A.SincethekeyhaslostB.ThekeybeenlostC.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekeyintomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.A.BeingtranslatedB.HavingtranslatedC.TobetranslatedD.Havingbeentranslatedfortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblamefromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicine

withhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.TosufferC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsufferedfromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judgewithfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,histailtotherain.A.Trembling;exposingB.Trembled;exposedC.Trembled;exposingD.Trembling;exposedManyteacherswerepraisedatthemeeting,Mr.Zhou.A.includingB.beingincludingC.toincludeD.includedWhowerethosepeoplewiththeflags?AgroupitselftheLeagueofPeace.A.callsB.callingC.calledD.beingcalledyouthetruth,sheknowsnothingaboutit.A.TellB.TellingC.TotellD.ToldWesleptwiththelightallnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burningLindacan'tattendthepartyatTom'shouseatpresentbecausesheispreparingaspeechforthepartyatMarie'shousetomorrow.A.beingheld;tobeheldB.tobeheld;heldC.held;beingheldD.tobeheld;tobeheldThesituationismorethanever.I'maboutwhattodonext.A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzlingWhenthatitwasgettinglate,Iputoffthelightandwenttobed.A.findB.findingC.foundD.tofindhermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.WhensheheardDaddydidn'tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.havingDon'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun23.Thepicture23.Thepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung24.Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoiseA.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonA.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon25.A.BeingseparatedHavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated26.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked27.HesentmeanE-mail,togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopekey:1-5.ACBCD6-10CDDDC11-15AADBC16-20DACBD21-27DBBACBB25.A.BeingseparatedHavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated26.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked27.HesentmeanE-mail,togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopekey:1-5.ACBCD6-10CDDDC11-15AADBC16-20DACBD21-27DBBACBBfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.(2)動(dòng)名詞1.Nooneenjoys.at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed1.Nooneenjoys.at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughedpreventyourhouse2.YoumustdosomethingtopreventyourhouseA.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin3.Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.3.Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven一Whereismypassport?IrememberA.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven一Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.——Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember——Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeputting；takingA.toput；totakeputting；takingputting；totaketoput；takingputting；totaketoput；takingHisroomneeds,sohemusthaveitHisroomneeds,sohemusthaveitA.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingpainting；paintingD.painted；paintedalettertohisparents.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewentonalettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite

Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareofOnlyEnglishdoesn'tmeanthelanguage.A.tolearn；tolearnB.learning;learningC.learningabout；learnD.learningabout；learningShereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissedShedecidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.studyRememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputbackAssheislookingforwardtofromme,pleaserememberthisletteronyourwaytoschool.A.hear;postB.hearing;topostC.beheard;postingD.behearing;topostingGrandmasaidthatshehadalotoftroubleyourhandwriting.A.toreadB.toseeC.readingC.inseeingWritingstoriesandarticleswhatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereWeappreciateustotheball.A.themtoinviteB.toinviteC.theirinvitingD.beinginvitedWouldyoumindquietforamoment?I'mtryingaform.A.keeping;fillingoutB.tokeep;tofilloutC.keeping;tofilloutD.tokeep;fillingoutHewasafraidforbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseenI'dliketosuggestthemeetingtillnextweek.A.toputoffB.puttingoffC.putoffD.tobeputoffIdon'tseehowIcouldpossiblymanagetheworkwithout.A.finish;helpingB.tofinish；beinghelpedC.finishing;helpingD.finishing;beinghelped

Anythingworthisworthyofwell.A.doing；beingdoneB.doing；doingC.tobedone;tobedoneD.tobedone;beingdoneWeadvisedthemtotakearest,buttheyinsistedthework.A.finishB.tofinishC.infinishingD.onfinishingIdelay