Unit4

VerbalCommunication1Unit4VerbalCommunicationObjectivesLearntheculturallyloadedwordsLearntheculturalreflectionsonproverbsLearntaboosLearnthedifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns2ObjectivesLearntheculturally

CONTENTS

I.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:culturallyloadedwordsculturalreflectionsonproverbstaboosdifferencesinculturalthoughtpatternsIII.SummaryIV.Assignments3CONTENTSI.Warm-up44Case1.ShoesforStreetWalkingI.Warm-upcasesQuestion:WhydidtheItalianshopownermakesuchablunder?Shoesforstreetwalking.Comeinandhaveafit.5Case1.ShoesforStreetWalkiInterpretation

astreetwalker-----aprostitutetohaveafit--------tobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset6InterpretationastreetwalkerCase2.AMisunderstandingCausedbyaJokeComment:Hustle----toforcesbtomakeadecisionbeforetheyarereadyorsure-----toworkasaprostitute/romanceorsexishinted7Case2.AMisunderstandingCauCase3Lookout8Case3Lookout8Case3LookoutDidn'tyouhearmecall'lookout'?Yes,andthat'swhatIdid.9Case3LookoutDidn'tyouhearCase3LookoutLookout----tostickyourheadoutsideofsth.(window/door)totakealook----tobecareful,especiallywhenthereisdanger10Case3LookoutLookout----toII.DetailedStudy

Loadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertones(n.

暗示，弦外音，寓意)orconnotations(n.

涵義，言外之意),andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning.1.CulturallyLoadedWordsWhatisloadedwords?11II.DetailedStudyLoadedw

CulturallyLoadedWords

文化負(fù)載詞

(CulturalLoaningWords)1.是指標(biāo)志某種文化中特有事物的詞組和短語.2.文化負(fù)載詞是反映一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族特有的文化和歷史的一些詞匯.12

CulturallyLoadedWords

文化負(fù)載詞2.2ColorTermsinChinese

andEnglishGroupWork

1.紅糖2.紅茶3.眼紅4.開門紅5.紅白喜事1.brownsugar2.black-tea3.green-eyed4.tobeginwell,tomakeagoodstart5.weddingsandfunerals132.2ColorTermsinChinese

1.清白2.白眼3.青天4.背黑鍋5.黃色書刊1.pure/clean/stainless2.superciliouslook3.bluesky4.bemadeascapegoat/beunjustlyblamed5.filthybooks141.清白1.pure/clean/stainlessbluebookablueMondayawhitelieagreenwoundred-letterdays藍(lán)皮書（美）刊載知名人士的書倒霉的星期一善意的謊言新傷，未痊愈的傷口喜慶的日子15bluebook藍(lán)皮書（美）刊載知名人士的書15TranslatingtheUnderlinedPart1)He’sjustagreenrecruitfreshfromcollege2)Itriedtocallhermanytimesbutshewasinabrownstudyanddidn’thearme3)Oneday,outoftheblue,agirlrangupandsaidshewasmysister4)Thenewofficeblockhasunfortunatelybecomeanexpensivewhiteelephant16TranslatingtheUnderlinedPar5Marywasalwaysregardedastheblacksheepofthefamily6You’dbetterdosomethingtoproveyou’renot7Canyouseethegreeninhereyes?8Themerethoughtofherhusbandwiththesecretarymadeherseeyellow175Marywasalwaysregardedas9)IgotsomeblacklooksfromtheshopkeeperwhenIcancelledmyorder.10)WhenI’mfeelingblue,allIhavetodoistakealookatyou,andthenI’mnotsoblue11)Don’ttellmeanywhitelietomakemefeelgood12)

Itmaycostoveraweektogothroughalltheredtapetogetpermission189)Igotsomeblacklooksfrom13Histypeofhumorisabittooblackformytastes14Areyouallright?–Youlookabsolutelywhite

15Hebasedhisjudgmentonheadlinesandyellowjournalism1913Histypeofhumorisabityellowjournalism指不擇手段的夸張，渲染以招攬或影響讀者的黃色新聞編輯作風(fēng)。如突出社會(huì)丑聞，把普通新聞寫得聳人聽聞，有時(shí)甚至歪曲事實(shí)以引起轟動(dòng)等。20yellowjournalism20

龍------dragon干部----cadre母馬----femalehorse?/mare?扁擔(dān)---acarryingpole;ashoulderpole一本書---abook

知識(shí)分子----intellectual社會(huì)科學(xué)-socialscience?/thehumanities?CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords?21龍------dragonCanyoufindtheInterpretations

龍---inCC,itisatotemwithmany

royalassociations,龍顏，龍床，龍袍，龍心大喜。InEC,dragonreferstohorrible,disgustingmonsters.22Interpretations

龍---inCC,it知識(shí)分子InCC,itreferstopeopleincludingcollegeteachers,collegestudents,middleschoolteachers,andsuchpeopleasmedicaldoctors,engineers,interpreters.InEC,itreferstopeopleofhighacademicstatus(collegeprofessors)–muchsmallerrangeofpeople.

notalwaysacomplimentaryterm,sometimesusedinderogatorysense.23知識(shí)分子InCC,itreferstopeopl干部----asmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose.骨干隊(duì)伍----amemberofthiskindofgroup.干部InEC,manypeopledon’tknowwhatitmeans.(notacommonword)Someothersubstitutes:

official,functionary,administrator,etc.ButnoneofthesegetsexactsamemeaningasChineseword“干部”.24干部----asmallgroupofpeople社會(huì)科學(xué)SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences.Sameas“thehumanities”inEnglish.WhileinEnglish,“socialsciences”coverasmallerareaoflearning.Itincludespoliticalscience,economics,

history(oftenclassifiedunderthehumanities)andsociology.----thebranchesoflearningthatstudyhumansociety,especiallyitsorganizationandrelationshipofindividualmemberstoit.25社會(huì)科學(xué)SocialSciencesinChineseBirdsandanimals/maleorfemaleGenerictermmalefemaletheyoungchickencock/roosterhenchickduckdrakeduckducklinggoosegandergoosegoslinghorsestallionmarefoalcattle/cowbullcowcalfdogdogbitchpuppysheepramewelambdeerstagdoefawnpigboarsowshoat26Birdsandanimals/maleorfembull,cow,cockorhen,male,female,she

Notallanimalsorbirdshavespecificnamesthatdenotedifferentsex.bull,cow,cockorhen

arefrequentlyusedtodistinguishsex.bullseal,cocksparrow,hensparrowmale,female,she

alsoacceptablemaleleopard,femalepanda,shewolf27bull,cow,cockorhen,male,副副主席vice-chairman副教授associateprofessor副主任deputydirector副秘書長assistantsecretary副州長lieutenantgovernor副國務(wù)卿undersecretary28副副主席vice-chairman28SummaryAterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;（扁擔(dān)）Wordsortermsinbothlanguageappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings;（龍）29SummaryAterminonelanguageThingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,ie,finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage;（社會(huì)科學(xué)）Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning,buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmaydifferconsiderablyfromeachother.（龍）30Thingsorconceptsarereprese2.CulturalReflectionsonProverbsProverbsmayprovideinterestingglimpsesorcluestoapeople’sgeography,history,socialorganization,socialviews,etc.Anewbroomsweepsclean.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Don’tputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Killtwobirdswithonestone.Hastemakeswaste.312.CulturalReflectionsonProWherethere’ssmokethere’sfire.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.Beautyisonlyskindeep.Sparetherodandspoilthechild.Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine.32Wherethere’ssmokethere’sfiManproposes,Goddisposes.盡人事，聽天命。/謀事在人，成事在天。Itisasintostealapin.勿以惡小而為之，勿以善小而不為。Revengeisadishthatcouldbeeatencold.君子報(bào)仇，十年不晚。Everydoghasitsday.人人皆有得意日。/十年風(fēng)水輪流轉(zhuǎn)。33Manproposes,Goddisposes.33Adog’slife爭吵不休，過著不安寧的日子Gotothedogs每況愈下Dog-eat-dog狗咬狗的，損人利己的Doginthemanger站著茅坑不拉屎Dogdays大熱天Doggybag餐館里的打包袋34Adog’slife34Theaboveexpressionsgetsimilar/samemeaningsbothinEnglishandChinese.Butsomeothersgetdissimilarities:良藥苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。瓜田不納履，李下不整冠。一人得道，雞犬升天。35TheaboveexpressionsgetsimiHardtofindequivalentsAbsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Letsleepingdogslie.Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks.Youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.36HardtofindequivalentsAbsencLighteningneverstrikesthesameplacetwice.福無雙至，禍不單行。？壞事不過二。禍無雙至。同一災(zāi)害不會(huì)在同一場(chǎng)所重復(fù)發(fā)生。Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一葉知秋。？一燕不成夏。一花獨(dú)放不是春。37LighteningneverstrikesthesSurfacesimilarities,butdifferencesIttakestwotomakeaquarrel.Amissisasgoodasamile.Gildingthelily.Lifebeginsatforty.Ifyouliedownwithdogs,youwillgetupwithfleas.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。38Surfacesimilarities,butdiffPleasechoosetheproperwordsforeachphrase.harehorsesnailmousebeemule

asbusyasa______

asslowasa

______

asstubbornasa______

astimidasa_____

snailbeemulehareasstrongasa_____

horseaspoorasachurch_____

mouse39Pleasechoosetheproperwords3.Taboos（1）mentionofgods(神靈的名字)（2）near-swearing(近似誓詞咒語)（3）sex（4）death（5）disease（6）excretion(排泄)403.Taboos403.Taboos

英漢相同禁忌話題（1）sex（2）theactivitiesintherestroom（3）somethingdisgusting，如嘔吐、摳鼻子等（4）somethingsad，如患了癌癥、死亡等。但由于在歷史、文化、思維等方面存在著差異，他們的委婉語有著很大的不同。413.Taboos英漢相同禁忌話題413.Taboos（disease）

WesternCulture:cancer:thebigC;longillnessAIDSor梅毒:socialdiseaseChineseCulture:不治之癥423.Taboos（disease）WesternCul3.Taboos（分泌menstruation）

WesternCulture:I'mhavingmyperiods.Iamawomanforaweek.Iamhavingmyfriendswithme.ChineseCulture:例假；倒霉了；身上來了433.Taboos（分泌menstruation）West3.Taboos（上廁所）

WesternCulture:toilet;watercloset;restroompasswater;answernature'scall;washone'shands,doone'sbusinessChineseCulture:方便；去一號(hào)443.Taboos（上廁所）WesternCultureHumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeone’sauntI’mgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.45HumanExcretiongotothecan/3.Taboos（pregnant）

WesternCulture:

sheisexpectingababy.

sheisinafamilyway.sheisexpecting.sheisinadelicatecondition.sheiswell-along.sheisabouttohaveablessed

event.ChineseCulture:有了、有喜了、快要當(dāng)媽媽了463.Taboos（pregnant）WesternCu3.Taboos（die）

WesternCulture:

passaway;gototheheaven;gotosleep;gotoseetheGod;depart;beinheavenwithGod

departfromthisworld；gotoabetterworldChineseCulture:去世了、老了、走了、沒了駕崩、薨、夭折、犧牲、一命嗚呼、斷氣“離開了我們”,“辭世”,“去見馬克思了”,“歸西”,“升天”,“上路”473.Taboos（die）WesternCulture3.Taboos（英漢不同禁忌話題）

年老稱謂483.Taboos（英漢不同禁忌話題）年老483.Taboos（old）

WesternCulture:

aseasonedman(歷練者)theadvancedinage(年長者)themature;elderhospital(老人團(tuán))retirementhome(敬老院)；privatehospital(老人院)nursinghome(養(yǎng)老院)；goldenageclub(老年俱樂部)ChineseCulture:“老”常帶敬意，是資歷和地位的象征老師、老同志、老大爺、老師傅493.Taboos（old）WesternCulture3.Taboos（稱謂）

WesternCulture:

城市、街道、地名用著名總統(tǒng)名：Washington;Lincoln大學(xué)以贊助人的名字命名：Harvard;StanfordNameafter......ChineseCulture:忌諱晚輩的名字與長輩相同、諧音或同音；有，不尊敬長輩，是欺祖少用歷史人物名諱，沒福分，短命503.Taboos（稱謂）WesternCulture:3.Taboos---aculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo,useortalkaboutaparticularthingaspeoplefinditoffensiveorembarrassingExcretaandactsofhumanexcretionSexualintercourse/certainpartsofthebody(fourletters)Swearwords(age,sex,occupation)513.Taboos---aculturalorreliHumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeone’sauntI’mgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.52HumanExcretiongotothecan/Sex/Bodypartspeepee(penis)weewee(urinate)downthere(vagina)sheisexpectingababy.sheisinafamilyway.Sheisexpecting.Sheisinadelicatecondition.Sheiswell-along.Sheisabouttohaveablessedevent.53Sex/Bodypartspeepee(penis)5dieGodepartdepartfromthisworldgotoabetterworldgothewaysofallfleshpassawaylateInChinese,wealsocanfindsimilareuphemisms:“去了”,“離開了我們”,“辭世”,“去見馬克思了”,“歸西”,“升天”,“上路”54dieGo54diseaseAbbreviations:SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes)

AIDS(AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome)V.D(venerealdisease)性病bigC/longdisease/terminalillness(cancer)55diseaseAbbreviations:55OldAgeseniorcitizensadvancedinagegoldenyears56OldAgeseniorcitizens56Swearwords1.somewordsaremoreoffensivesomeareless2.age,sex,occupation3.settingorenvironment57Swearwords1.somewordsarem4.DifferencesinCulturalThoughtPatternsEnglish-speakers---linearanddirectSemitic---co