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第一部分歷年真題2016年全國(guó)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試?yán)砉ゎ?lèi)A級(jí)真題及詳解

第1部分:詞匯選項(xiàng)(第l~15題,每題l分,共15分)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線(xiàn),請(qǐng)為每處劃線(xiàn)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng).

1Therevelationofhispastledto

hisresignation.

A.imagination

B.confirmation

C.recall

D.disclosure

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意:對(duì)他過(guò)去的揭露導(dǎo)致了他的辭職。revelation揭發(fā),暴露。disclosure泄露,揭露。二者意思相近,此處可互相替換,因此選D項(xiàng)。imagination想像,想像力。confirmation證實(shí);證明;確認(rèn)。recall召回,喚回;回想。

2Jensenisadangerousman,andcanbe

verybrutal.

A.careless

B.cruel

C.strong

D.hard

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意:Jensen是個(gè)危險(xiǎn)人物,他可能會(huì)很殘忍。brutal殘忍的;野蠻的;無(wú)情的。cruel殘酷的,殘忍的;無(wú)情的。二者意思相近,此處可互相替換,因此選B項(xiàng)。careless粗心的;無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的;漫不經(jīng)心的。strong強(qiáng)壯的;強(qiáng)烈的。hard困難的;硬的。

3You’llhavetosprintifyouwant

tocatchthetrain.

A.jump

B.escape

C.run

D.prepare

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意:如果想趕上火車(chē),你必須快點(diǎn)跑。sprint沖刺,全速短跑。run奔跑。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選C項(xiàng)。jump跳;跳過(guò)。escape逃跑。prepare準(zhǔn)備。

4Weareworriedaboutthisfluid

situationfilledwithuncertainty.

A.changeable

B.stable

C.suitable

D.adaptable

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意:對(duì)于這個(gè)充滿(mǎn)不確定的不穩(wěn)定的情況,我們感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)。fluid易變的,不固定的;流動(dòng)的。changeable易變的;可變的。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選A項(xiàng)。stable穩(wěn)定的。suitable合適的,適當(dāng)?shù)?。adaptable可適應(yīng)的;有適應(yīng)能力的。

5Thenewgarmentfitsher

perfectly.

A.haircut

B.purse

C.clothes

D.necklace

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意:新衣服很合適她。garment衣服,服裝。clothes衣服,衣物。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選C項(xiàng)。haircut理發(fā);發(fā)型;發(fā)式。purse錢(qián)包。necklace項(xiàng)鏈。

6Thephobiamayhaveitsrootina

childhoodtrauma.

A.fear

B.joy

C.hurt

D.memory

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意:恐懼癥可能根源于童年受到的精神創(chuàng)傷。trauma創(chuàng)傷(由心理創(chuàng)傷造成精神上的異常);損傷;痛苦經(jīng)歷。hurt“傷害;痛苦”,可指感情上的傷心或痛苦。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選C項(xiàng)。fear害怕。joy喜悅,快樂(lè)。memory記憶,記憶力。

7Theyhavetobuildcanalstoirrigate

thedesert.

A.decorate

B.water

C.change

D.visit

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意:他們必須修建溝渠灌溉沙漠。irrigate灌溉。water給……澆水。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選B項(xiàng)。decorate裝飾。change改變。visit訪問(wèn);參觀。

8Heroveralllanguageproficiencyremains

thatofatoddler.

A.disabled

B.pupil

C.teenager

D.baby

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意:她整體的語(yǔ)言能力還停留在初學(xué)的幼兒水平。toddler學(xué)步的幼兒。baby嬰兒。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選D項(xiàng)。disabled殘廢的,有缺陷的。pupil學(xué)生。teenager青少年。

9Thecoastalareahasverymild

winter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.

A.warm

B.severe

C.hard

D.dry

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意:沿海地區(qū)冬天氣溫溫暖,但是中部平原地區(qū)卻極度寒冷。mild溫暖的;溫柔的。warm溫暖的。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選A項(xiàng)。severe嚴(yán)峻的,嚴(yán)厲的。hard困難的,硬的。dry干的。

10Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotally

authentic.

A.real

B.outstanding

C.creative

D.false

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意:這件古裝的每個(gè)小地方都完全真實(shí)。authentic真的,真正的。real真的;真實(shí)的。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選A項(xiàng)。outstanding杰出的;顯著的。creative創(chuàng)造性的,有創(chuàng)造力的。false虛偽的;非法的;假造的。

11Weareawareofthepotential

problems.

A.global

B.possible

C.ongoing

D.central

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意:我們意識(shí)到了潛在的問(wèn)題。potential潛在的,有可能的。possible可能的。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選B項(xiàng)。global全球的。ongoing不間斷的,進(jìn)行的。central中央的,中心的。

12Theideawasquitebrilliant.

A.positive

B.clever

C.key

D.original

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意:這個(gè)主意相當(dāng)巧妙。brilliant聰明的;杰出的。clever聰明的,靈巧的。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選B項(xiàng)。positive積極的;確實(shí)的。key關(guān)鍵的。original原始的;最初的。

13Stockmarketpricetumbledafter

rumorofariseininterestrate.

A.regulated

B.increased

C.fell

D.maintained

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意:謠傳利率上升之后,股票市場(chǎng)價(jià)格猛跌。tumble暴跌;倒塌;跌倒。fall下降,落下;倒下。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選C項(xiàng)。regulate調(diào)整;管理;控制。increase增加。maintain維持;維修。

14Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructions

incarmaintenance.

A.coaching

B.idea

C.term

D.aspect

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意:該課程在汽車(chē)維修方面給了我基本的指導(dǎo)。instruction指導(dǎo),說(shuō)明。coaching訓(xùn)練,輔導(dǎo)。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選A項(xiàng)。idea主意,想法。term學(xué)期;術(shù)語(yǔ)。aspect方面。

15Allhouseswithin100metresofthe

seasareatriskofflooding.

A.indanger

B.outof

control

C.between

equals

D.in

particular

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意:距海100米內(nèi)的所有房屋都有遭受洪水泛濫的危險(xiǎn)。attheriskof處于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中,冒著……的危險(xiǎn)。indangerof處于危險(xiǎn)中,有……的危險(xiǎn)。二者意思相近,此處可相互替換,因此選A項(xiàng)。out

ofcontrol失去控制。in

particular尤其,特別。

第2部分:閱讀判斷(第16~22題,每題l分,共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷:如果該句提供的是正確信息,請(qǐng)選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息,請(qǐng)選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及,請(qǐng)選擇C。

TheGreatestofVictorianEngineers

Inthehundred

yearsupto1860,theworkofasmallgroupofconstructionengineerscarried

forwardtheenormoussocialandeconomicchangethatweassociatewiththe

IndustrialRevolutioninBritain.Themostimportantoftheseengineerswas

IsambardKingdomBrunel,whoseworkinshipping,bridge-building,andrailway

construction,tonamejustthreefields,bothchallengedandmotivatedhis

colleagues.Hewasthedrivingforcebehindanumberofthehugelyambitious

projects,someofwhichresultedinworkswhicharestillinusetoday.

Thesonofan

engineer,Brunelapprenticedwithhisfatheratanearlyageonthebuildingof

theThamesTunnel.Attheageofjusttwenty,hebecameengineerinchargeof

theproject.ThisimpressiveplantoboreundertheThamestwicesufferedtwo

majordisasterswhentheriverbrokethroughintothetunnelwhenthesecond

breach(決口)occurred

in1872,Brunelwasseriouslyinjuredduringrescueoperationandfurtherwork

washalted.

Whilerecovering

fromhisinjuries,Brunelenteredadesigncompetitionforanewbridgeover

theAvonGorgenearClifton.TheoriginaljudgeofthecompetitionwasThomas

Telford,aleadingcivilengineerofhisday,whorejectedallentriestothe

competitioninfavorofhisowndesign.Afterconsiderablescandal,asecond

contestwasheldandBrunel'sdesignwasaccepted.Forreasonsoffunding,

however,exacerbated(加劇)bysocialunrestinBristol,theprojectwasabandonedin1843

withonlythetowerscompleted.AfterBrunel’sdeath,itwasdecidedtobegin

workonitagain,partlysothatthebridgecouldformafittingmemorialto

thegreatengineer.Theentirestructurewasfinallycompletedin1864.Today,

thewell-knownCliftonSuspensionBridgeisasymbolofBristol,justasthe

OperaHouseisofSydney.Originallyintendedonlyforhorse-drawntraffic,the

bridgenowbearsoverfourmillionmotorvehiclesayear.

16Brunelwasanimportantairplane

engineerinBritainduringtheIndustrialRevolution.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not

mentioned

17Brunelwasinvolvedlessinrailway

constructionthaninotherengineeringfields.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not

mentioned

18Brunelworkedonlyonshipping,

bridge-buildingandrailwayconstruction.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not

mentioned

19Brunelworkwaslargelyignoredbyhis

colleagues.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

20SomeprojectsBrunelcontributedtoare

stillinusetoday.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not

mentioned

21Brunelbecameanapprenticewithhis

fatherwhenhewasveryyoung.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not

mentioned

22TheThamesTunnelprojectwasmoredifficultthananyprevious

projectsundertakeninBritain.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not

mentioned

【答案與解析】

16C 點(diǎn)睛:文章第一段對(duì)Brunel進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹,第一段第二句提到了“IsambardKingdomBrunel,whoseworkinshipping,bridge-building,

andrailwayconstruction”但是并沒(méi)有提及他是否是飛機(jī)領(lǐng)域的工程師,因此選C項(xiàng)。

17C 點(diǎn)睛:第一段第二句提到了Brunel是鐵道建筑方面的工程師,但是并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行各領(lǐng)域之間的對(duì)比,因此選C項(xiàng)。

18B 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞shipping、bridge-building和railwayconstruction定位到第一段第二句。

點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“tonamejustthreefields”可知,除了文章所列舉出來(lái)的,Brunel應(yīng)該還涉及其他工程領(lǐng)域,因此本題選B項(xiàng)。

19B 點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)第一段第二句“IsambardKingdomBrunel,whosework…bothchallengedandmotivated

hiscolleagues”可知,題干與原文表述不符,因此選B項(xiàng)。

20A 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞inusetoday定位至第一段最后一句。

點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Hewasthedrivingforcebehindanumberofthehugelyambitious

projects,someofwhichresultedinworksarestillinusetoday.”可知,Brunel推動(dòng)了許多項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)行,而且有一些工程建筑仍然在使用,因此本題選A項(xiàng)。

21A 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞anapprentice和hisfather定位到第二段第一句。

點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“Brunelapprenticedwithhisfatheratanearlyage”可知,Brunel年輕時(shí)候就師從自己的父親學(xué)習(xí)工程,因此選A項(xiàng)。

22C 點(diǎn)睛:文章第二段提到了ThamesTunnel工程。文章中并未涉及ThamesTunnel工程與其他工程項(xiàng)目的對(duì)比,因此本題選C項(xiàng)。

第3部分:概括大意和完成句子(第23~30題,每題l分,共8分)

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù):(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1~4段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

Geothermal(地?zé)?Energy

1Sinceheat

naturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth's

centerflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothe

nextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmelts

andformsmagma(巖漿).

Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth'ssurface.Itoftenremains

wellbelowtheearth'ssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuch

regions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.

Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth'ssurfacewhereit

willappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesa

layerofimpermeable(不可滲透的)rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.If

geothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedby

drillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbe

usedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.

2Afew

geothermalpowerplantsdependondry-steamreservoirswhichproducesteambut

littleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovide

thepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,

constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducing

electricitytoday.

3Most

currentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither“flash”steamplantsor

binary(雙重的)plants.

Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to700°Fahrenheit.

Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthe

pressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it“flashes”orboilsintosteam.Again,

theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduce

electricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlyback

downintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.

Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.

4Areservoir

withtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutit

canstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinabinaryfluid.Thesteamfrom

thisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermal

waterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.

23Paragraph1_____

24Paragraph2_____

25Paragraph3_____

26Paragraph4_____

27Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhen

hotwateristrappedunder_____.

28Adry-steamreservoirproducessteam

with_____.

29Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough

_____.

30Inabinaryplant,theheatofthe

geothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_____.

【答案與解析】

23E 本段主要介紹地?zé)崮艿漠a(chǎn)生過(guò)程,是由雨水流到地下,遇地?zé)嶙兂蔁崴疅o(wú)法噴出而形成的。E項(xiàng)“地?zé)崮艿钠鹪础迸c本段意思相符,故選E項(xiàng)。

24F 本段主要介紹利用干蒸汽發(fā)電的工廠。F項(xiàng)“干蒸汽發(fā)電廠”與本段意思相符,故選F項(xiàng)。

25C 本段主要介紹注水蒸汽發(fā)電站,現(xiàn)今最常見(jiàn)的就是注水發(fā)電和雙循環(huán)發(fā)電。C項(xiàng)“注水蒸汽發(fā)電站”與本段意思相符,故選C項(xiàng)。

26B 本段主要介紹低于300華氏度的水庫(kù)如何通過(guò)雙循環(huán)發(fā)電站來(lái)發(fā)電。B項(xiàng)“雙循環(huán)發(fā)電站”能很好地概括本段內(nèi)容,故選B項(xiàng)。

27B 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞trapped可定位至第一段倒數(shù)第三句。

點(diǎn)睛:文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句提到,如果向上的熱水碰到不可滲透的巖石,就會(huì)被困住,形成地?zé)崴畮?kù)。B項(xiàng)impermeable

rock“不可滲透的巖石”與該句意思相符,故選B項(xiàng)。

28C 定位:根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一句。

點(diǎn)睛:文章第二段第一句提到,干蒸汽水庫(kù)產(chǎn)生的水量很少甚至沒(méi)有。C項(xiàng)little

ornowater“很少或沒(méi)有水”與該句意思相符,故選C項(xiàng)。

29E 定位:根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第三句。

點(diǎn)睛:文章第三段第三句提到,產(chǎn)生的水會(huì)通過(guò)一到兩個(gè)分離器。E項(xiàng)oneor

twoseparators“一到兩個(gè)分離器”與該句意思相符,故選E項(xiàng)。

30F 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞binary可定位至第四段第一、二句話(huà)。

點(diǎn)睛:文章第四段第一句提到,溫度不夠的水可以用在雙循環(huán)液體中,第二句話(huà)提到,這樣產(chǎn)生的蒸汽可以推動(dòng)渦輪。F項(xiàng)the

energytoturnaturbine“推動(dòng)渦輪的能量”與該句意思相符,故選F項(xiàng)。

第4部分:閱讀理解(第31~45題,每題3分,共45分)

下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定l個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇 

SportsStarYaoMing

IfYaoMingis

notthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At

2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)and

holdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGame.

Butwhatreally

standsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity(名氣).Few,ifany,Chinese

athletesareaswell-knownasYaoMingaroundtheworld.Peopleacrossthe

globearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess(杰出的才能)butalsoforbeinga

symbolofinternationalcommerce.

WhenYaojoined

theHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdrafthewasthefirst

internationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtare

clearenough—noNBA

playerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful(難對(duì)付的人)foropponentsoneither

endofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationis

hisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotential

basketballfansinChina.

Whenitwas

announcedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossibly

theOlympicswithastressfracture(骨折)inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudderspreadacrossChina.After

considerabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgically

treatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,to

offerhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthough

theestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetoprepare

withTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.

Yaowrappedupa

10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine

(TCM)treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess.Westernexperts

aregenerallyskepticalofTCM’sbenefits,althoughnewresearchfromthe

UniversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfish

mayindeedstimulatebonerepair.

“Thereisno

reasontodismissTCM,”YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing.“It’sbeenused

inourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon’tthinkthatit’sshorton

science.”

31Theword“towering”inParagraph1

means_____.

A.large

B.fat

C.tall

D.great

32Opponentsfinditverydifficultto

controlYaoMingbecauseofhis_____.

A.assault

B.mobility

C.defense

D.celebrity

33YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCM

treatmentsbecause_____.

A.hewantedto

makeamorerapidrecovery

B.hisright

foothadbeenhurting

C.thesurgical

operationhadbeenafailure

D.hecouldn't

affordallthemedicalexpenses

34WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOT

true?

A.HeisanNBA

player.

B.Hefractured

hisleftfoot.

C.Hemissed

theAthensOlympics.

D.Heisan

internationalfigure.

35Ingeneral,theWesternexperts’

attitudetowardsTCMis_____.

A.indifferent

B.positive

C.doubtful

D.negative

【答案與解析】

31C 點(diǎn)睛:文章第一段第一句提到了姚明是最高的。因此第二句中“towering”應(yīng)該繼續(xù)指姚明在身高方面的記錄,因此本題選C項(xiàng)。towering聳立的;高大的。

32B 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞opponents和difficulttocontrol定位到第三段第二句。

點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility”,可知,由于姚明身材高大且移動(dòng)迅速,他很難對(duì)付。因此本題選B項(xiàng)。

避錯(cuò):文章第二段提到了姚明的名氣,但是這并不是他很難對(duì)付的原因,因此D項(xiàng)不符合題意。A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及,因此排除。

33A 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞aseriesofTCMtreatment定位到最后兩段。

點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的“hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess”可知,姚明之所以接受中醫(yī)藥治療是為了快速恢復(fù),因此本題選A項(xiàng)。

避錯(cuò):文章第四段只提到了他的左腳受傷,并且提到了手術(shù)成功了,因此B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及,因此排除。

34C 點(diǎn)睛:文章第一段第二句就介紹了姚明是NBA中最高的一名球員,因此A項(xiàng)表述正確。根據(jù)文章第二段可知,姚明名氣大,是國(guó)際商務(wù)的一個(gè)象征,因此D項(xiàng)與原文表述相符。文章第四段第一句提到了姚明左腳骨折,因此B項(xiàng)表述正確。第四段只提到姚明有可能錯(cuò)過(guò)奧運(yùn)會(huì),并且根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知,這里指的是北京奧運(yùn)會(huì),因此C項(xiàng)表述明顯錯(cuò)誤。因此本題選C項(xiàng)。

35C 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞westernexperts’attitude和TCM定位到最后兩段。

點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知,“WesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM’sbenefits”,skeptical意思為“懷疑的”,因此本題選C項(xiàng)。

【全文翻譯】

體育明星姚明

如果姚明不是世界上最大的體育明星,那他幾乎肯定是最高的。身高2.26米,他是美國(guó)國(guó)家籃球協(xié)會(huì)(NBA)最高的球員,并且是參加奧林匹克比賽的選手中最高身高的記錄保持者。 

但是這位巨人真正突出的是他的名氣。很少有中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員,如果有的話(huà),和姚明一樣在全世界有名。全球的人們都對(duì)姚明著迷,不僅是因?yàn)樗幕@球技術(shù)杰出,也因?yàn)樗菄?guó)際商務(wù)的一個(gè)象征。 

當(dāng)姚明在2002年NBA選秀中作為狀元加入休斯敦火箭隊(duì)時(shí),他是第一個(gè)被選為狀元的國(guó)際球員。他在場(chǎng)上的價(jià)值顯而易見(jiàn)——沒(méi)有NBA球員像他一樣身材高大卻移動(dòng)迅速,所以整個(gè)籃球場(chǎng)上攻防兩端他都是一個(gè)難以對(duì)付的對(duì)手。但是姚明對(duì)火箭隊(duì)不可估量的作用在于他作為全球公民的角色,以及他成為一座橋梁,連接著數(shù)百萬(wàn)的潛在中國(guó)籃球迷和一座連接著數(shù)百萬(wàn)潛在的中國(guó)籃球迷的橋梁的角色。

在2月份,當(dāng)宣布姚明由于左腳壓力骨折而將錯(cuò)過(guò)NBA剩下的賽季,而且還有可能錯(cuò)過(guò)奧林匹克時(shí),整個(gè)中國(guó)無(wú)不震驚。在大量的辯論和討論后,姚明選擇在腳上動(dòng)一個(gè)手術(shù),放置幾個(gè)小螺絲穿過(guò)骨頭,從而給他不堪重負(fù)的腳更多的支撐。手術(shù)是成功的,雖然預(yù)計(jì)的四個(gè)月的恢復(fù)期給他留下不多的時(shí)間來(lái)與中國(guó)隊(duì)磨合,姚明已經(jīng)誓言要為北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。

姚明結(jié)束了一個(gè)為期10天的中國(guó)之行,在那里他接受了一系列的中醫(yī)藥治療,希望能加速他的康復(fù)過(guò)程。西方專(zhuān)家普遍對(duì)中藥的益處表示懷疑,盡管羅切斯特大學(xué)的新研究表明,某些來(lái)自貝殼類(lèi)的化合物確實(shí)能刺激骨修復(fù)。

“沒(méi)有理由不用中醫(yī)藥,”姚明在北京的一個(gè)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)。“在我們國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史了。我認(rèn)為它并不缺乏科學(xué)?!?/p>

第二篇 

DeforestationandDesertification(沙漠化)

TheSahelzone

liesbetweentheSaharadesertandthefertilesavannahs(熱帶大草原)ofnorthernNigeriaand

SouthSudan.ThewordsahelcomesfromArabicandmeansmarginalor

transitional,andthisisagooddescriptionofthesesemi-arid(半干旱)lands,whichoccupymuchof

theWesternAfricancountriesofMali,Mauritania,Niger,andChad.

Unfortunately,

overthelastcenturytheSaharadeserthassteadilycreptsouthwardseating

intoonceproductiveSahellands.UnitedNationssurveysshowthatover70

percentofthedrylandinagricultureuseinAfricahasdeteriorated

overthelast30years.Droughtshavebecomemoresevere,themostrecentlasting

overtwentyyearsinpartsoftheSahelregion.Thesameprocessofdesertification

istakingplaceacrosssouthernAfricaastheKalaharidesertadvancesinto

BotswanaandpartsofSouthAfrica.

Oneofthemajor

causesofthisdesertadvanceispooragriculturallanduse,drivenbythe

pressuresofincreasingpopulation.Overgrazing—keepingtoomanyfarmanimalsontheland—meansthatgrassesandother

plantscannotrecover,andscarcewatersuppliesareexhausted.Over

cultivation—trying

togrowtoomanycropsonpoorland—resultsinthesoilbecomingevenlessfertileanddrier,and

beginningtobreakup.Soilerosion(侵蝕)follows,andthelandturnsintodesert.

Anothercauseof

desertificationislossoftreecover.Treesarecutdownforuseasfueland

toclearlandforagriculturaluse.Treerootshelptobindthesoiltogether,

toconservemoisture,andtoprovideahabitatforotherplantsandanimals.

Whentreesarecutdown,thesoilbeginstodryandloosen,windandrain

erosionincrease,otherplantspeciesdie,andeventuallythefertiletopsoil

maybealmostentirelylost,leavingonlybarerockanddust.

Theeffectsof

lossoftopsoilandincreaseddroughtareirreversible.Theyare,however,

preventable.Carefulconservationoftreecoverandsustainableagricultural

landusehavebeenshowntohaltdeteriorationofsoilsandlessentheeffects

ofshortageofrainfall.OneprojectinKitainsouth-westMalifundedbyUNDP

hasinvolvedlocalcommunitiesinsustainablemanagementofforest,whileat

thesametimeprovidingaviable(有活力的)agriculturaleconomy.Thismaybeamodelforsimilarprojectsin

otherWestAfricancountries.

36TheSahelzoneisanareawhich___.

A.iscovered

withsandandgrass

B.hasalong

history

C.occupies

muchofSouthNigeria

D.belongsto

Sudan

37Whatisthesituationaboutthedesertification

inAfrica?

A.Thedeserts

arereplacedwithgrasslands.

B.Thedeserts

areexpanding.

C.Thedeserts

aremovingnorthwards.

D.Thedeserts

arebeingdeserted.

38Theword“deteriorated”inparagraph2

means_____.

A.deepened

B.suffered

C.slipped

D.worsened

39Whatistherootcauseof

desertification?

A.Poor

farming.

B.

Overpopulation.

C.Radical

climatechange.

D.

Disappearanceofrareplantspecies.

40Inordertopreventdesertification,

theauthorproposes___.

A.makinggood

useofinternationalaids

B.developinga

sustainableagriculturaleconomy

C.gaining

internationalsupport

D.converting

agriculturallandintoforest

【答案與解析】

36A 點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)第一段可知,薩赫勒地區(qū)位于撒哈拉沙漠和肥沃的熱帶大草原之間,為半干旱的土地,由此可知,該地區(qū)既有沙漠也有草原,屬于沙漠和草原過(guò)度的地帶。

避錯(cuò):根據(jù)第一段第一句可知,薩赫勒地區(qū)位于尼日利亞及蘇丹之間,C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及,因此排除。

37B 點(diǎn)睛:文章第二段的第一句就提到了撒哈拉沙漠在向南擴(kuò)張(theSaharadeserthassteadilycreptsouthwardseatinginto…),由此可知,B項(xiàng)正確。

避錯(cuò):文章提到撒哈拉沙漠在向南擴(kuò)張,因此A、C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及,因此排除。

38D 點(diǎn)睛:第二段第一句首先提到了撒哈拉沙漠在向南擴(kuò)張,由此可知,第二句中應(yīng)該是指農(nóng)業(yè)用地惡化,因此本題選擇D項(xiàng)。

39A 點(diǎn)睛:第三段第一句指出“Oneofthemajorcausesofthisdesertadvanceispooragricultural

landuse”,由此可知,A項(xiàng)正確。

避錯(cuò):文章第三段第一句提到了“pooragriculturallanduse,drivenbythepressuresofincreasing

population”,由此可知,人口過(guò)多是沙漠化的間接原因,因此B項(xiàng)不符合題意。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及,因此排除。

40B 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞prventdesertification定位到最后一段。

點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)最后一段第三句可知,小心保護(hù)樹(shù)木、可持續(xù)地使用農(nóng)業(yè)用地已被證明能阻止土壤惡化、減緩降雨缺少的影響。因此本題選B項(xiàng)。

避錯(cuò):文章最后一段提到了聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署的資助項(xiàng)目,但是這并不是作者提倡的阻止沙漠化的方法,而是給出一個(gè)具體的例證,因此A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不符合題意。D項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及,因此排除。

第三篇 

OlderVolcanicEruptions

Volcanoeswere

moredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecause

thecarbondioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleasedwipedoutlifewithgreaterease.

PaulWignall

fromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcanic

eruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflarge

numbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300million

yearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,the

olderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.

Hecalculatedthe“killingefficiency”forthesevolcanoesbycomparingthe

proportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflava(熔巖)thattheyproduced.Hefound

thatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwiping

outlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.

ThePermian(二疊紀(jì))extinction,forexample,

whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockin

SiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoes

arethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnes(十億噸)ofcarbonascarbon

dioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarine

genera(種類(lèi))atthe

time,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60million

yearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobal

warmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturned

tonormalwithintensofthousandsofyears.“Themostrecentoneshardlyhave

aneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthe

dinosaurs(恐龍)65

millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedby

theimpactofanasteroid(小行星).Hethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecause

morerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsof

CO2.

Vincent

Courtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthat

Wignall’sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothese

sortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcanic

eruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhether

thehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatit

isdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthat

lavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.

41Oldervolcaniceruptionsdidmore

damagethanmorerecentonesbecause_____.

A.older

volcanoeswerebrighter

B.carbon

dioxidemadetheearthmuchwarmer

C.older

volcanoeswerehotter

D.carbon

dioxidekilledofflifemoreeasily

42Wignallcalculatedthekillingpowerof

thoseoldervolcaniceruptionsby_____.

A.estimating

howlongtheylasted

B.countingthe

dinosaurstheykilled

C.comparing

theproportionoflifekilledwiththevolumeoflavaproduced

D.studyingthe

chemicalcompositionoflava

43Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?

A.300million

yearsago.

B.250million

yearsago.

C.65million

yearsago.

D.60million

yearsago.

44ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3

thatthecauseofdinosaurextinctionis_____.

A.apolitical

issue

B.self-evident

C.quite

certain

D.

controversial

45Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?

A.Volcanic

eruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.

B.Carbon

dioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.

C.Older

volcaniceruptionsaremoredestructive.

D.Itisnot

easytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.

【答案與解析】

41D 點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)第一段“Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,…becausethecarbondioxide

(二氧化碳)they

releasedwipedoutlifewithgreaterease.”可知,遠(yuǎn)古火山更具毀滅性是由于其放出的二氧化碳更容易毀滅生命。因此本題選D項(xiàng)。

42C 定位:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Wignall和calculatethekillingpower定位到第二段最后兩句。

點(diǎn)睛:第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到,他通過(guò)比較火山產(chǎn)生的熔巖的體積與殺死生命的比例計(jì)算這些火山的殺傷效力。根據(jù)上下文可知,這里的他指的就是Wignall。因此本題選C項(xiàng)。

避錯(cuò):A項(xiàng)為第五段中Vincent

Courtillot提到的觀點(diǎn),不符合題意,排除。第三段倒數(shù)第二句提到了恐龍滅絕,B項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文的曲解,排除。D項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及,排除。

43C 定位:根據(jù)dinosaurs定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句。

點(diǎn)睛:第三段倒數(shù)第二句提到“theextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs(恐龍)65millionyearsago”,由此可知,C項(xiàng)正確。

44D 定位:根據(jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句。

點(diǎn)睛:第三段倒數(shù)第二句提到“manyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofan

asteroid(小行星)”,這里的it指的就是前面提到的恐龍滅絕。由于只是“many

scientists”認(rèn)為的原因,可知,還有一部分科學(xué)家持有其他觀點(diǎn),也就是說(shuō)恐龍滅絕的原因存在爭(zhēng)議,因此本題選D項(xiàng)。

45C 點(diǎn)睛:根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題及第一段主題句可知,本文主要是介紹遠(yuǎn)古火山噴發(fā)更具有毀滅性這一觀點(diǎn)。其中第二、三段通過(guò)PaulWignall的研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了具體的介紹,第四段是針對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)其他科學(xué)家提出的質(zhì)疑。綜合全文內(nèi)容可知,C項(xiàng)符合全文主題,其他選項(xiàng)只是文中提到的細(xì)節(jié),因此本題選C項(xiàng)。

第5部分:補(bǔ)全短文(第46~50題,每題2分,共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白,短文后有6個(gè)句子,其中5個(gè)取自短文,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置,以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumanBeganWalkingUpright

Mostofuswalk

andcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivities

thatthemajorityofusdon’tquestion.46  The

teamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthe

behaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources,inan

efforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape—onethatresemblesthe6

million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees—towalkontwolegs.

“These

chimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichour

earliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,”saidDr.Richmond.

Theresearch

findingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffour

insituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource.47 

 Overtime,intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledto

anatomicalchangesthatinturnbecamethesubjectofnaturalselectionwhere

competitionforfoodorotherresourceswasstrong.

Twostudieswere

conductedbytheteaminGuinea.Thefirststudywasconductedbytheteamin

KyotoUniversity’s“outdoorlaboratory”inanaturalclearinginBossouForest.

48  Thechimpanzees’behaviorwasmonitoredin

threesituations:(a)whenonlyoilpalmnutswereavailable,(b)whenasmall

numberofcoulanutswereavailable,and(c)whencoulanutswerethemajority

availableresource.

Whentherare

coulanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransported

moreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityresource,the

chimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether.49&nbs

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