倒裝的目的

1語法要求：疑問句，there

be,祝愿句2修辭要求：為了強調(diào)；為描寫生動；為銜接上下文；為平衡句子一.正常次序The

accident

happened

lateintheafternoon.(絕大部分陳述句)What

has

happened

toyou?(疑問詞作主語的特殊疑問句)Which

building

was

destroyed?(疑問詞修飾主語的特殊疑問句)二.倒裝詞序1.

主謂倒裝謂語+主語完全倒裝In

came

the

headmaster.部分倒裝助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+v.…Did

Einstein

care

for

money?2.非主謂倒裝Proud

as/though

he

is,he

isafraid

toseeme.

(表語倒裝)=Though

he

is

proud,

he

isafraid

to

see

me.三.主謂倒裝A.部分倒裝(主謂像一般疑問句那樣倒裝)疑問句(疑問詞作主語或作主語的修飾語除外)(

Thebell

has

rung.

)Has

the

bell

rung?(

Everything

he

had

was

taken

awayfrom

himduring

the

Second

World

War.)When

waseverything

he

had

taken

away

fromhim?2.“Only

+

狀語”放在句首時(He

told

me

the

truth

only

after

hiswife

left.)Only

after

his

wife

left

did

he

tell

methe

truth.3.

當(dāng)not

only…but

also…連接兩個句子時,前一句主謂要部分倒裝(The

city

was

polluted

and

thestreets

were

crowded,too.)Not

only

was

the

city

pollutedbut

also

the

streets

werecrowded.4.so(表示“如此……”)放在句首時(

I

felt

it

so

difficult

to

live

in

anEnglish-speaking

country

that

I

was

determined

tolearn

English

well.)So

difficult

did

I

feel

it

to

live

in

anEnglish-speaking

country

that

Iwasdetermined

to

learn

English

well.5.so(表示“也……”)放在句首時;nor/neither(表示“也不…….”)放在句首時(Smelling

a

rotten

egg

isanexperience

and

taking

medicineis

an

experience,

too.)1)

Smelling

a

rotten

egg

is

anexperience.

So

is

takingmedicine.(I

have

never

been

abroad

and

my

wife

has

never

been

abroad,

either.

)2)

I

have

never

been

abroad.

Norhas

my

wife.注意:1)

加前綴或后綴(

un

,

im

,less等)視為肯定句.(

The young

man

wasimpolite

to

us.

His

father

wasimpolite

to

us,

too.)The

young

man

wasimpolite

to

us

and

so

was

his

father.2)“So+主謂部分倒裝”表示“……也……”;“So+主謂不倒裝”表示“的確……”If

he

goes

to

see

you

off

at

theairport,so

will

I.(=

Iwillgo

toseeyou off

at

the

airport,too)----

I

hear

Tom

sat

up

far

into

thenight.----

So

hedid.6.當(dāng)否定詞、半否定詞或否定詞組放在句首時(

He

no

more

cared

whathis

friends

thought

abouthim.

)1)

No

more

did

he

care

whathis

friends

thought

abouthim.(

He

wasn’t

set

free

until

liberation.

)2)

Not

until

liberation

was

he

set

free.(

He

had

hardly

gone

to

bed

when

thetelephone

rang

)Hardly

had

he

gone

to

bed

whenthe

telephone

rang.(

They

cleaned

the

entire

housein

no

time.

)In

no

time

did

they

clean

theentire

house

.(TV

sets

can

never

take

the

place

ofcinemas.)Never

can

TV

sets

take

the

place

ofcinemas.(She

did

not

singa

single

song

atyesterday’s

party.)Notasinglesong

didshe

sing

atyesterday’s

party.7.

虛擬條件從句中含有should,were或had時,可以去掉if,主謂進(jìn)行部分倒裝.(If

Ihad

been

borna

few

yearsearlier,

I

would

join

the

army.)1)

Had

I

been

born

a

few

yearsearlier,

I

would

join

the

army.(

Your

wife

would

not

be

pleased

tohear

that

if

she

were

here

now.

)2)

Your

wife

would

not

be

pleased

tohear

that

were

she

here

now.B.

全部倒裝1.以There/Here/Out/In/

Away/Up/Down開頭的句子1)

Here

is

a

letter

for

you.There

goes

the

bell. There

was

a

sudden

wind

and

awaywent

his

hat. The

door

burst

open

and

in

rushedthe

crowd.但是:當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時,主謂不要倒裝.Here

it

comes.Here

they

are.Out

she

rushed.3.一個較長的地點狀語短語放在句首時,如果主語長,謂語短,需要全部倒裝.In

alecturehallofauniversityinEngland

sat

an

old

professor

with

a

heavy

book

under

his

arm.From

the

valley

came

a

gunshot.They

arrived

at

a

farmhouse,in

front

of

which

stood

a

peasant

boy.In

this

passage

will

befound

the

answer

to

the

question.當(dāng)直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時,引號外的主謂可以全部倒裝,也可以不倒裝.“I

think

we’re

lost.”

said

my

brother.(也可以:“I

think

we’re

lost.”my

brother

said.)

“If

I

die,”

asked

he,“who

will

take

myplace?”(也可以:“If

I

die,”

he

asked,“who

will

take

myplace?”)四.非主謂倒裝1.感嘆句(He is

singing

beautifully.

)1)

How

beautifully

he

issinging

!(狀語倒裝)(

You are

all

very

silly.

)2)

How

silly

you

all

are!(表語倒裝)(

You’ve

made

so

manymistakes

in

this

exam.

)3)

What

a

lot

of

mistakes

youhave

made

in

this

exam!(賓語倒裝)(I

wish

very

much

to

go

there.)4）

How

I

wish

togo

there!

(狀語倒裝)2.為了前后銜接緊密,將賓語倒裝(放在句首).Then

they

asked

the

king

for

more

silkand

gold

thread.

All

thisthey

kept

forthemselves.

(賓語倒裝)3.當(dāng)as表示”雖然”、“盡管”時,必須將表語,狀語或主要動詞倒裝.1)

Tired

as

they

were,Alice

and

Jane

s