語法精講動詞不定式infinitivesTolearnthe

function

of

infinitivesinasentenceTouseinfinitivestocompletetheexercises不定式:是一種非謂語動詞。1.非謂語動詞:是指那些在句中不能單獨充當謂語的動詞，2.動詞不定式在句中可以作句子除謂語之外的任何句子成分。3.動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。不定式的定義:不定式的形式:一.基本形式：

to+動詞原形二.其否定形式是:“not/nevertodo”/notdo.三.不定式可帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進行式完成式完成進行式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing------------------判斷下列不定式在句中作何成分1.Itisimpossibletofinishsomuchhomeworkinaday.2.Toseeistobelieve.3.Hiswishistobeadoctor.4.Iwanttodoitmyself.5.Wefounditdifficulttoworkwithhim.6.Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.7.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.8.Istudyhardtoservethepeoplewell.9.Inordernottobelateshetookabus.不定式作主語通常位于句首，表示具體的某次動作，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g.Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。

Togetupearlyisnecessary.早起是必要的。______________isveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.?學習一項技能對社會上的每個人都很重要。______________________inamonthisdifficult.要在一個月內完成這座建筑是困難的。不定式作主語

Tolearnaskill

Tofinishthebuilding2.動詞不定式與疑問詞who,whom,whose,what,which,when,

where,how等連用構成不定式短語，也可作主語。

e.g.Howtousethecomputeristhequestion.如何使用計算機是個問題。Wheretogohasnotbeendecided.去哪兒還沒有定下來。不定式作主語3.當主語較長，謂語較短時，常用it作形式主語放在句首，而將真正的主語—不定式放到謂語的后面。e.g.It’snoteasytoworkouttheproblem.=Toworkouttheproblemisnoteasy.計算出這道題不容易。Itisinteresting______________________.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。Itisterrible______________________________.目睹輪船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。不定式作主語

toplaywithsnowinwinter

toseetheshipsinkingintotheseait作形式主語代替真正主語不定式常見于以下情況中：Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+n.+(forsb.)todosth.Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth.【溫馨提示】不定式作主語常用于表示事物的特征，用于此句型的形容詞有：easy,?hard,?difficult,?possible,?important,?impossible,?necessary,?good,?bad,?exciting,?interesting,?surprising等。e.g.It’simportantforustokeepthewaterclean.保持水質清潔對我們來說是很重要的。1)Itis＋adj.

＋forsb.todosth.sb.是todosth.的邏輯主語Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.不定式作主語常見的此類形容詞有：

kind,?nice,?wise,?silly,?polite,?impolite,?friendly,?foolish,?clever等。e.g.Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathome這家人對我很友好，使我感到賓至如歸。2)Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.形容詞用來表示不定式的邏輯主語(sb.)的性質、特征或品德不定式作主語常見的名詞有：pity,?shame,?pleasure,?one’sduty,?one’sjob,?fun,?joy,?goodmanners,?badmanners等。Itis+n.+(forsb.)todosth.e.g.Whatapityitisforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.真遺憾你錯過了這樣一個精彩的電影。??Itmustbegreatfun__________________________.乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。不定式作主語

toflytothemooninaspaceshipIttakes/took/willtake

sb.sometime/money

todosth.做某事花費某人多長時間(錢)e.g.Ittookmeanhourtodomyhomeworkyesterdayevening.昨天晚上我做作業(yè)用了一個小時。Itwilltakeusalotofmoney__________________.買那套房子要花費我們很多錢。不定式作主語

tobuythathouse3.如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的

,可以在不定式前加一個由for/of引起的短語,構成__________。2.不定式作主語時,可以用it作_______________.Itis+adj+for

sbtodo……5.Itis+adj+ofsbtodo………（修飾人品形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）1.單個不定式作主語，謂語動詞_________單數(shù)形式主語不定式的復合結構Summary6.Itis+n.+forsbtodo……7.Ittakes/took/willtake

sb.sometime/money

todosth.1.[2019·全國I卷]Itisdifficult_____________(figure)outaglobalpopulationofpolarbears.2.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitis______ustohavemeaninginourlife.3.[2019·天津3月卷]

Comingoutofthisexperience,IrealizeitisOK__________(be)differentfromothers.4.[2018·全國Ⅱ卷]Exerciseenergizesyou,so______ismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.【溫馨提示】Practice:tofigurefortobeitⅠ.用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空1.Itiswise

(take)suchgiftswithgratitude.2.Hewillfinditiseasy

(make)friendsinthiscity.3.

(get)therebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.4.Itisanoffence

(drop)litterinthestreet.5.When

(leave)forLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.6.It’snecessaryforyou

(lock)thecarwhenyoudonotuseit.7.Wecan’tafford________(live)insuchabighouse.8.Themanexpectshiswife________(bring)himbreakfastinbedatweekends.9.Afraidof_____________(bite)bysnakes,theboywasafraid________(touch)them.10.JamesWattisknown___________________(invent)thesteamengine.11.Thebookwassaid______________________(translate)intoGermanin1946.12.Themeeting_______________(hold)tomorrowisofgreatimportance.13.Aquarrelseems_____________________(breakout)betweenthetwowomenandtheyarestillglaringateachothernow.totaketomakeTogettodroptoleavetolocktohavebrokenouttolivetobringbeingbittentotouchtohaveinventedtohavebeentranslatedtobeheldⅡ.補全句子1.

isagoodhabit.每天讀書是個好習慣。2.

isnice.和他們交朋友真是令人愉快。3.

todomeafavor.你能幫助我真是太好了。4.

doesgoodtoyourhealth.晚飯后散步對健康有好處。5.Itisimpossibleforlosttime

.彌補失去的時間是不可能的。6.Itisdifficultforus

inaquarterofanhour.我們很難在15分鐘內完成這篇作文。ReadingbookseverydayTomakefriendswiththemIt’skindofyouWalkingaftersuppertobemadeuptofinishwritingthecompositionⅢ語法填空

Mikedrovetoaremotebordertownalone.Hedidn’tstopthecar1.________(take)abreakalthoughhewasfeelingtired.Asaresult,atrafficaccidentoccurred,whichcausedhim2._________________(trap)insidethecar.Fortunatelyagirlwhohappenedtopassbyvolunteered3.________(save)him,only4.________(find)Mikewascompletelylockedinthecar.Aftercallinganambulance,shemanaged5.________(give)himfirstaid,usingthemethodshehadlearnedatschool.Soon,Mikewasrushedtohospitalinanambulance.Ittookhimthreemonths6.___________(recover)fromhisinjuries.ThegirlnamedMaryfeltpleased7.____________(do)suchagreatthing,thoughsherealizedthecarmayhaveexploded.Wheninterviewed,shesaid,“I’vealsometwithatrafficaccident.Akindpasser-bysavedmylifebuthewaskilled.Iwastheonlyone8._______________(survive)thecrash.Themanwassaid9.______________(work)ontheroadhelpingpeopleinneedfortenyears.Iwastoomovedeventospeakwhenhearingthestory.Therefore,Idetermined10.________(stay)hereandgivepeopleinneedahelpinghand.”tostaytotaketobetrappedtosavetofindtogivetorecovertohavedonetohavesurvivedtohaveworkedWhydoeshecomesoearly?DiscoveryHisaimistotakethefirstbus.1結構

Be(am/is/are/was/were)+不定式e.g.Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.2功能（1）解釋主語描述的行為或說明該行為帶來的結果。主語多為duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job/ability/attempt/chance/desire/need/opportunity/refusal/wish/aim/purpose/decision/choice...等名詞e.g.Mydreamistobeasinger.Hisworkistocleantheclassroomeveryday.不定式作表語（2）表示“安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止”等e.g.IamtosetoutforChinanextweek.下周我要動身到中國去。（安排）Youaretohaveaface-to-facetalkwiththem.你應該和他們當面談一談。（勸告）Childrenarenottosmoke.兒童不準吸煙。（禁止）不定式作表語

3.兩種特殊用法（1）不定式短語tolet，toblame，toseek等常用主動形式表示被動含義Thehouseistolet.Whoistoblameforthepopulationdeclineofthetigersinthatarea?Thereasonforglobalwarmingisnotfartoseek.全球變暖的原因不難找到。（2）當主語部分含有動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式可省略toAnythingwecandois(to)guarantee

itwillbedeliveredontime.Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwas(to)readontheblog.不定式作表語4.當主語含定語從句且其先行詞為代詞all或形容詞最高級theleast,themost時：+系動詞+不定式作句子的表語。egAllhewantedwastobeleftalone.

TheleastIcanexpectistohavethisdayalltomyself.5.當不定式作表語時，句子主語可以使what引導的主語從句。egWhatIwanttodonowis(to)havearest.不定式作表語3.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople________(wash)theirhandswithsoapandwater.4.Thenextstepis________surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.5.Thepurposeofeducationis__________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.towashtomaketodevelop1.Themottoofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromamusclediseasewas_______(live)onedayatatime.2.Itisyou,includingyourcousin,that____________(blame)forthelossofthegoldenchance.tolivearetoblameCompletethesentences.1.要是他們問我這個問題，我該怎么回答呢？________________iftheyaskmethequestion?2.她應該為所發(fā)生的事情受到責備。_________________forwhathashappened.3.你要做的事情是面對現(xiàn)實。Thethingforyoutodo________________.4.我筋疲力盡，想能馬上就去度假。Iamexhaustedandtiredout.WhatIwanttodo____________________.WhatamItosaySheistoblameis(to)facethefactsistotakeaholiday不定式放在及物動詞后，用作賓語e.g.

WebegintoreadEnglishat6:30a.m.

Sheforgottoclosethedoor.不定式作賓語常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：

want,plan,hope,wish,learn,decide,wouldlike,begin,start,try,need,forget,choose,prepare,agree,promise,manage,encourage,fail,happen,mean,refuse,offer,learn，etc.forget,remember,prefer,like等動詞除了跟

不定式作賓語，可以跟動名詞做賓語嗎？挖坑動詞不定式作賓語的注意事項不定式作賓語時，如帶有賓語補足語，則要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式賓語，構成“主語+動詞+it+賓補（形容詞、名詞）+不定式”結構。如：

e.g.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.不定式作賓語think/find/consider+it+adj.+todo1、Don’tforget_________________.(關燈)2、Ihappened________whenhecalledme.（出去）3、Idon’twant________________.(依賴別人）4、Samislearning________________.(怎樣開車）5、Wepromise__________theenvironment.(保護)toturnoffthelighttogoouttodependonothershowtodriveacarPracticetoprotectCompletethefollowingsentences.1.I_______________(希望收到…來信)yousoon.2.John________________(不想當)thehostofthecharityshow.3.They’re____________(試著解決)theproblembyhimself.4.Millionsofpeople_________________(已學會使用)computers.

hopetohearfromdoesn’twanttobetryingtosolvehavelearnedtouseRainbowexpectsyoutohaveabrightfuture.考點一：跟“不定式”作賓語補足語的動詞／動詞短語allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon,require,forbid,advise,recommend,,permit,等sbtodosthe.g.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_________(speak)tothenewstudents. 不定式作賓補:tospeakrequire,forbid,advise,recommend,allow,permit,encourage+sb.+todosth.(接動詞的不定式作賓補)

但如果直接用動詞作賓語時，還是用todo嗎？require,forbid,advise,recommend,allow,permit,encourage+doingsth.(接動名詞作賓語)Iadviseyoutohavearest.Iadvisehavingarest.不定式作賓補難點:五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feel當遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略to:被動語態(tài)不省to）

不定式作賓補難點:1.Johnwasmade

thecarforaweekasapunishmentA.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing2.Thepatientwaswarned

foodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating3.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybody

badthings,especiallychildren.A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watchesPracticeACAIwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain______(catch).(2017·天津卷)我在會議期間一直看表，因為我要趕火車。不定式作定語tocatch考點一：不定式與其所修飾的詞之間常是動賓關系Heisalwaysthefirst_________attheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個(人)到校，最后一個(人)離校。

考點二：序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，thelast,theonly

等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞或代詞后，常用不定式作定語。toarrive不定式作定語Theability_________(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達觀點的能力與觀點本身同等重要。(湖南卷)考點三：被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用不定式作定語。如ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。toexpress不定式作定語時，應放在被修飾詞的后面。e.g.Wehavealotofhomework

todo.如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.e.g.Heislookingforaroom

tolivein.Thereisnothing

toworryabout.something,anything,nothing…+adj.+todoe.g.Ihavesomething

interesting

totellyou.不定式作定語:1.Doyouhaveanythingmore_______﹙要說﹚?2.Shehasalotofwork_______﹙做﹚everyday.3.Theoldmanhasahouse_________﹙住﹚.4.Sheisaniceperson__________﹙共事﹚.tosaytodotoliveintoworkwithPractice不定式作狀語___________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.(2019·江蘇卷)為了享受數(shù)字支付的便利，很多老年人開始使用智能手機。Toenjoy考點一：作目的狀語?？捎胹oasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首，意為“為了；想要”。不定式作狀語Tomtookataxitotheairport,only________(find)hisplanehighupinthesky. (四川卷)

湯姆乘出租車去了機場，結果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機已飛入高空。tofind考點二：作結果狀語。常用于下列結構中：onlytodo(表示意想不到的結果)；enoughtodo(足夠做……)；too...todo...(太……而不能做……)；so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等不定式作狀語Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy________(see)anythingthathappenedtobeon.(全國卷)tosee考點三：作原因狀語。常與表示喜怒哀樂、運氣好壞的形容詞(happy,ashamed,sorry,glad,delighted,angry,discouraged,shocked...)連用1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結果狀語）和疑問詞連用Summary

(eat,giveup,finish,explain,tell)1.Myteacherwasmade___________histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.togiveupexplaining/tobeexplainedtobefinishednottoeat3.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_____________aheadoftime.4.Thepatientwaswarned____________oilyfoodaftertheoperation.2.Thesentencewants_______________________