PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmutualunderstandingandrespectininterpersonalrelationships.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

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________________________________________________________________________PartⅠWritingTheImportanceofMutualUnderstandingandRespectinInterpersonalRelationshipsForcollegestudents,aharmoniousinterpersonalrelationship,especiallyamongclassmates,canguaranteetheirhealthygrowthanddevelopment.Andasforme,mutualunderstandingandrespectisthekeytobuildingthisharmony.Foronething,collegestudentscomefromalloverthecountryandtheyallhavetheirownwayoflifeandcustoms,sowhenhavingconflictswitheachother,onlymutualunderstandingandrespectcanmakebothsidesreachanagreement.Iftheycanreachaconsensus,itwillbegoodforthemtomaintainlong-termfriendlyrelations.Foranotherthing,mutualunderstandingandrespectcanmakestudentsmorewillingtolearnfromtheirteachersandclassmates,thusmakingthemstudymoreefficiently,whichisconducivetocreatingaharmoniouslearningatmosphereforclasses.Inconclusion,mutualunderstandingandrespectisthebasisofgoodinterpersonalrelationships.Justasthesayinggoes,ifyouwanttowintherespectofothers,youfirstneedtorespectothers.Therefore,wheneveryoudisagreewithothers,trytoputyourselfintheirshoesandbemoretolerantandunderstanding.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)WhyRomanHolidaywasmorefamousthanBreakfastatTiffany's.

B)WhyAudreyHepburnhadmorefemalefansthanmaleones.

C)WhythewomanwantedtobelikeAudreyHepburn.

D)Whysomanygirlsadored崇拜AudreyHepburn奧黛麗赫本.

2.A)Heruniquepersonality.

B)Herphysicalcondition.

C)Hershiftofinteresttoperformingarts.

D)Herfamily'ssuspensionoffinancialaid.

3.A)Shewasnotanoutgoing外向旳、活潑旳person.

B)Shewasmodestandhardworking.

C)Shewaseasy-goingonthewhole.

D)Shewasusuallynotveryoptimistic.

4.A)Shewasinfluencedbytherolessheplayedinthefilms.

B)Herparentstaughthertosympathizewiththeneedy.

C)Shelearnedtovolunteerwhenshewasachild.

D)Herfamilybenefitedfromotherpeople'shelp.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Giveapresentation.

B)Raisesomequestions.

C)Startanewcompany.

D)Attendaboardmeeting.

6.A)Itwillcutproductioncosts.

B)Itwillraiseproductivity.

C)Nostaffwillbedismissed解雇、開除、解散.

D)Nonewstaffwillbehired.

7.A)Thetimelineofrestructuring.

B)Thereasonsforrestructuring重組、改制、調(diào)整.

C)Thecommunicationchannels.

D)Thecompany'snewmissions.

8.A)Byconsultingtheirowndepartmentmanagers.

B)Byemailingquestionstothemanorthewoman.

C)Byexploringvariouschannelsofcommunication.

D)Byvisitingthecompany'sowncomputernetwork.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Ithelpspassengerstotakecareoftheirpetanimals.

B)Ithasanimalstohelppassengerscarrytheirluggage.

C)Itusestherapy治療、療法animalstosoothe安慰、安撫nervouspassengers.

D)Itallowspassengerstohaveanimalstravelwiththem.

10.A)Avoidingpossibledangers.

B)Findingtheirwayaround.

C)Identifyingdrugsmugglers.

D)Lookingaftersickpassengers.

11.A)Scheduletheirflightsaroundtheanimalvisits.

B)Photographthetherapyanimalsattheairport.

C)Keepsomeanimalsfortherapeuticpurposes.

D)Bringtheirpetanimalsonboardtheirplane.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)BesideabeautifullypaintedwallinArles.

B)BesidethegateofanancientRomancity.

C)AtthesiteofanancientRomanmansion.

D)AttheentrancetoareceptionhallinRome.

13.A)Anumberofdifferentimages.

B)Anumberofmythologicalheroes.

C)Variousmusicalinstruments.

D)PaintingsbyfamousFrenchartists.

14.A)Theoriginalityandexpertiseshown.

B)Thestunningimagesvividlydepicted.

C)Theworldlysophisticationdisplayed.

D)Theimpressiveskillsandcostlydyes.

15.A)Hisartistictasteissuperb.

B)Hisidentityremainsunclear

C)Hewasacollectorofantiques.

D)HewasarichItalianmerchant.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyencourageinternationalcooperation.

B)Theylaystressonbasicscientificresearch.

C)Theyplacegreatemphasisonempiricalstudies.

D)Theyfavourscientistsfromitsmembercountries.

17.A)Manyofthemwishtowininternationalrecognition.

B)Theybelievethatmorehandswillmakelightwork.

C)Theywanttofollowcloselytheinternationaltrend.

D)Manyoftheirprojectshavebecomecomplicated.

18.A)Itrequiresmathematicianstoworkindependently.

B)Itisfacedwithmanyunprecedentedchallenges.

C)Itlagsbehindotherdisciplinesincollaboration.

D)Itcallsformoreresearchfundingtocatchup.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)ScientiststriedtosendaballoontoVenus.

B)ScientistsdiscoveredwateronVenus金星、維納斯.

C)ScientistsfoundVenushadatmosphere.

D)ScientistsobservedVenusfromaspacevehicle.

20A)Itresembles相似、類似于Earthinmanyaspects.

B)Itisthesameasfictionhasportrayed.

C)Itisaparadiseofromanceforalienlife.

D)ItundergoesgeologicalchangeslikeEarth.

21.A)Itmighthavebeenhotterthanitistoday.

B)Itmighthavebeenacozyhabitatforlife.

C)ItusedtohavemorewaterthanEarth.

D)Itusedtobecoveredwithrainforests.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Causesofsleeplessness.

B)Cross-culturalcommunication.

C)Culturalpsychology人文心理，文化心理學(xué).

D)Motivationandpositivefeelings.

23.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetosleep.

B)Theyoftenhavetroublefallingasleep.

C)Theypaymoreattentiontosleepefficiency.

D)TheygenerallysleeplongerthanEastAsians.

24.A)Byaskingpeopletoreporttheirsleephabits.

B)Byobservingpeople'ssleeppatternsinlabs.

C)Byhavingpeoplewearmotion意向、動(dòng)作、打手勢-detecting發(fā)現(xiàn)、調(diào)查、察覺watches.

D)Byvideotapingpeople'sdailysleepingprocesses.

25.A)Ithasmaderemarkableprogressinthepastfewdecades.

B)Ithasnotyetexploredthecross-culturalaspectofsleep.

C)Ithasnotyetproducedanythingconclusive.

D)Ithasattractedattentionallovertheworld.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thedreamofpersonalised個(gè)人化旳、個(gè)性化旳fightisstillvivid生動(dòng)旳、鮮明旳、形象旳inthemindsofmanyinventors發(fā)明家、發(fā)明者,somedevelopingcycle-powered循環(huán)電力、電能循環(huán)craft工藝、手藝、太空船,others_I_26pouring傾注、傾瀉__moneyintojetpacks(噴氣飛行背包).However,theflyingcarhasalwaysremainedthe_O_27ultimate最終旳、最終旳、極限旳、主線旳__symbol象征、符號(hào)、標(biāo)志ofpersonaltransportfreedom.Severalcompaniesaroundtheworldhaveproduced_J_28prototypes原型、雛形__thatcandriveonroadsandfly.Airbus空中巴士hasafuturistic未來主義旳modular(組件式旳)conceptinvolvingapassengercapsulethatcanbe_B_29detached單獨(dú)旳、拆卸旳__fromtheroad-goingchassis(底盤)andpickedupbyahelicopter直升機(jī)-typemachine.Butalltheseconceptsaremassively大量旳、沉重旳expensive,requiresafetycertificationstandardsforroadandair,need_C_30dual雙旳、雙重旳__controls,involvecomplexfolding折疊wings翅膀、展翼andpropellers推進(jìn)器、螺旋槳,andhavetobeflownfromair-strips.Sotheyarelikelytoremainrichpeople'splaythingsratherthanpracticaltransportsolutionsforthemasses群眾、大眾.“AcarthattakesofffromsomeLondonstreetandlandsinanother_K_31random任意旳、隨機(jī)旳__streetisunlikelytohappen,”saysProf.Gray,aleadingaeronautical航空旳engineer."Skytaxisaremuchmorelikely."Butthatwon'tstopinventorsfromdreamingupnewwaystoflyandtryingtopersuadeinvestorstobacktheirsometimes_H_32outrageous太離譜旳、不也許旳__schemes方案、設(shè)計(jì).Civilian平民，百姓aviation飛行、航空isbeingdisrupted破壞、中斷,notbytheage-old古老旳、由來已久旳desires欲望、心愿forspeed,romanticism浪漫主義旳and_D_33glamour魅力、迷人旳、魔力旳__,butbythepressingneedtorespondtoachangingclimate.Newelectricenginescoupledwithartificialintelligenceand_A_34autonomous自發(fā)旳、自主旳、自治旳__systemswillcontributetoamoreefficient,integratedtransportsystemthatislesspollutingandlessnoisy.Thatmaysoundsimple,butasProf.Graysays,"WhenItravelsomewhereIlikethisnotion意圖、打算、見解、概念thatwhenIfinishmyjourneyIfeelbetterthanwhenIstartedit.That'scompletelyat_F_35_odds幾率、勝算、賠率、不平等_withhowIfeeltoday."Nowthatwouldbeprogress.A)autonomousB)detachedC)dualD)glamourE)imminentF)oddsG)oppositesH)outrageousI)pouringJ)prototypesK)randomL)repressingM)segmentedN)spectrumO)ultimateSectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CompaniesAreWorkingwithConsumerstoReduceWasteA)Asconsumers,weareverywasteful.Annually,theworldgenerates1.3billiontonsofsolidwaste.Thisisexpectedtogoupto2.2billionby2025.Thedevelopedcountriesareresponsiblefor44%ofwaste,andintheU.S.alone,theaveragepersonthrowsawaytheirbodyweightinrubbisheverymonth.B)Conventionalwisdomwouldseemtosuggestthatcompanieshavenoincentivetolengthenthelifecycleoftheirproductsandreducetherevenuetheywouldgetfromsellingnewgoods.Yet,moreandmorebusinessesarethinkingabouthowtoreduceconsumerwaste.Thisispartlydrivenbytherisingpriceofrawmaterialsandmetals.Itisalsopartlyduetobothconsumersandcompaniesbecomingmoreawareoftheneedtoprotectourenvironment.C)Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobuyfrom,moreandmoreconsumersarelookingintosustainability.Thisisopposedtojustpriceandperformancetheywereconcernedaboutinthepast.Inasurveyof54oftheworld'sleadingbrands,almostallofthemreportedthatconsumersareshowingincreasingcareaboutsustainablelifestyles.Atthesametime,surveysonconsumersintheU.S.andtheU.K.showthattheyalsocareaboutminimizingenergyuseandreducingwaste.D)Forthemostpart,consumerscontrolwhathappenstoaproduct.Butsomecompaniesarerealizingthatplacingtheburdenofrecyclingentirelyontheconsumerisnotaneffectivestrategy,especiallywhentossingsomethingawayseemsliketheeasiestandmostconvenientoption.E)Someretailersandmanufacturersintheclothing,footwear,andelectronicsindustrieshavelaunchedenvironmentalprograms..Theywanttomaketheircustomersinterestedinpreservingtheirproductsandpreventingthingsthatstillhavevaluefromgoingtothegarbagedump.Byofferingservicestohelpexpandthelongevityoftheirproducts,they'repromisingqualityanddurabilitytoconsumers,andreceivingthereputationalgainsforbeingenvironmentallyfriendly.F)Forexample,theSwedishjeanscompanyNudieJeansoffersfreerepairattwentyoftheirshops.Insteadofdiscardingtheiroldworn-outjeans,customersbringthemintoberenewed.Thecompanyevenprovidesmail-orderrepairkitsandonlinevideos,sothatcustomerscanlearnhowtofixapairofjeansathome.Theirphilosophyisthatextendingthelifeofapairofjeansisnotonlygreatfortheenvironment,butallowstheconsumertogetmorevalueoutoftheirproduct.Whencustomersdowanttotosstheirpair,theycangivethembacktothestore，whichwillrepurposeandresellthem.Anotherclothingcompany,Patagonia,ahigh-endoutdoorclothingstore,followsthesameprinciple.IthaspartneredwithDIYwebsiteiFixittoteachconsumershowtorepairtheirclothing,suchaswaterproofouterwear,'athome.Thecompanyalsooffersarepairprogramfortheircustomersforamodestfee.Currently,Patagoniarepairsabout40,000garmentsayearintheirReno,Nevada,servicecenter.Accordingtothecompany'sCEO,RoseMarcario,thisisaboutbuildingacompanythatcaresabouttheenvironment.Atthesametime,offeringrepairsupportstheperceivedqualityofitsproducts.G)InBrazil,themultinationalcorporationAdidashasbeenrunningashoe-recyclingprogramcalled“SustainableFootprint”since2023.CustomerscanbringshoesofanybrandintoanAdidasstoretobeshreddedandturnedintoalternativefuelsforenergycreationinsteadofbeingburnedastrash,Theyareusedtofuelcementovens.Tomotivatevisitorstobringinmoreoldshoes,AdidasBrazilpromotestheprograminstoresbyshowingvideostoeducatecustomers,anditevenoffersadiscounteachtimeacustomerbringsinanoldpairofshoes.ThisbooststhereputationandimageofAdidasbymakingpeoplemoreawareofthecompany'svalues.H)Enormousopportunitiesalsoliewithe-waste.Itisestimatedthatin2023theworldproducedsome42millionmetrictonsofe-waste(discardedelectricalandelectronicequipmentanditsparts)withNorthAmericaandEuropeaccountingfor8and12millionmetrictonsrespectively.Thematerialsfrome-wasteincludeiron,copper,gold,silver,andaluminum-materialsthatcouldbereused,resold,salvaged,orrecycled.Together,thevalueofthesemetalsisestimatedtobeabout$52billion.ElectronicsgiantslikeBestBuyandSamsunghaveprovidede-wastetake-backprogramsoverthepastfewyears,whichaimtorefurbish(翻新)oldelectroniccomponentsandpartsintonewproducts.I)Forothercompaniesinterestedinreducingwaste,helpingtheenvironment,andprovidingthesustainablelifestylesthatconsumersseek,herearesomefirststepsforbuildingarelationshipwithcustomersthatfocusesonrecyclingandrestoringvaluetoproducts:J)Findpartners.Ifyouareamanufacturerwhoreliesonoutsidedistributors,thenretailersaretheidealpartnerforcollectingoldproducts.PowertoolmakerDeWaltpartnerswithcompanies,suchasLowesandNapaAutoParts,tocollectoldtoolsattheirstoresforrecycling.Thepartnershipbenefitsbothsidesbyallowingunconventionalpartners(forexample,twocompaniesfromtwodifferentindustries)toworktogetheronaspecificaspectofthevaluechain,like,inthisexample,anenginefirmwithanaccessoryone.K)Createincentives.Environmentalconscientiousnessisn'talwaysenoughtomakecustomersrecycleoldgoods.Forinstance,DeWaltdiscoveredthatmanycontractorswereholdingontotheiroldtools,evenftheynolongerworked,becausetheywereexpensivepurchasesanditwashardtojustifybringingthemintorecycle.Byofferinginstantdiscountsworthasmuchas$100,DeWaltlaunchedatrade-inprogramtoencouragepeopletobringbacktools.Asaresult,DeWaltnowreusesthosematerialstocreatenewproducts.L)Startwithatrialprogram,andexpecttochangethedetailsasyougo.Anytake-backprogramwilllikelychangeovertime,dependingonwhatworksforyourcustomersandcompanygoals.Maybeyouseelowcustomerparticipationatfirst,orconversely,somuchsuccessthatthecostofrecyclingbecomestoohigh.BestBuy,forinstance,hasbeenbearingthelion'sshareofe-wastevolumesincetwoofitslargestcompetitors,AmazonandWal-mart,donothavetheirownrecyclingprograms.Sincethelaunchofitsprogram,BestBuychangeditspolicytoadda$25feeforrecyclingoldtelevisionsinordertokeeptheprogramgoing.M)Buildacultureofcollectivevalueswithcustomers.Astrongerrelationshipbetweentheretailer/producerandtheconsumerisn'tjustaboutfinancialincentives.Bycreatingmoreawarenessaroundyoureffortstoreducewaste,andbydevelopingacultureofresponsibility,repair,andreuse,youcanbuildcustomerloyaltybasedonsharedvaluesandresponsibilities.N)Theseexamplesarejustthetipoftheiceberg,buttheydemonstratehowhelpingcustomersgetmoreuseoftheirmaterialscantransformvaluechainsandoperations.Reducingwastebyincorporatingusedmaterialsintoproductioncancutcostsanddecreasethepriceofprocurement(采購):lesstobeprocuredfromtheoutsideandmoretobere-utilizedfromtheinside.O)Companiesplayabigroleincreatingacirculareconomy,inwhichvalueisgeneratinglessfromextractingnewresourcesandmorefromgettingbetteruseoutoftheresourceswealreadyhave——buttheymustalsogetcustomersengagedintheprocess.36.Somecompaniesbelievethatproducts'prolongedlifespanbenefitsboththeenvironmentandcustomers.F

37.Asurveyshowsshopperstodayaregettingmoreconcernedaboutenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwhendecidingwhattobuy.C

38.Companiescanbuildcustomerloyaltybycreatingapositivecultureofenvironmentalawareness.M

39.Whencompanieslaunchenvironmentalprograms,theywillhavetheirbrandreputationenhanced.E

40.Onemultinationalcompanyoffersdiscountstocustomerswhobringinoldfootweartobeusedasfuel.G

41.Recyclingusedproductscanhelpmanufacturersreduceproductioncosts.N

42.Electronicproductscontainvaluablemetalsthatcouldberecovered.H

43.Itseemscommonlybelievedthatcompaniesarenotmotivatedtoprolongtheirproducts'ifespan.B

44.Itisadvisableforcompaniestopartnerwitheachotherinproductrecycling.J

45.Somebusinesseshavebeguntorealizeitmaynotbeeffectivetoletconsumerstakefullresponsibilityforrecycling.DSectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EffectiveFriday,ScreenActorsGuild-AmericanFederationofTelevisionandRadioArtists(SAG-AFTRA)hasdeclaredastrikeagainst11videogamepublishersovergamesthatwentintoproductionafterFeb.17,2023.Thecompaniesincludesomeoftheheavyweightsoftheindustry,likeElectronicArtsProductions,InsomniacGames,ActivisionandDisney.Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2023.Overall,thestrikeisanefforttoprovidemoresecondarycompensationalongwithotherconcerns,suchastransparencyuponhiringtalentandon-set(制作中)safetyprecautions.Thevideogamingindustryhasballoonedinrecentyears.TheLosAngelesTimesreportsthattheindustryisinthemidstofanintenseincreaseincashflow.In2023,gamingproduced$23.5billionindomesticrevenue.ButSAG-AFTRAsaysvoiceactorsdon'treceiveresiduals(追加酬金)fortheirgamingwork.Instead,theyreceiveafixedrate,whichistypicallyabout$825forastandardfour-hourvocalsession.Sothevoiceactorsarepushingfortheideaofsecondarycompensation--aperformancebonuseverytimeagamesells2millioncopiesordownloads,orreaches2millionsubscribers,withacapat8million."It'saverysmallnumberofgamesthatwouldtriggerthissecondarycompensationissue,"saidvoiceactorCrispinFreeman,who'samemberoftheunion'snegotiatingcommittee."Thisisanimportantaspectofwhatitmeanstobeafreelance(從事自由職業(yè)旳)performer,whoisn'tregularlyemployedeverysingledayworkingonprojects."Anothermajorcomplaintfromtheactorsisthesecrecyoftheindustry."Ican'timagineifthere'sanyotheractingjobintheworldwhereyoudon'tknowwhatshowyou'rein,whenyou'rehired,"saysvoiceactorKeytheFarley,whochairstheSAG-AFTRAnegotiatingcommittee."Andyetthathappenseverydayinthevideogameworld,"FarleytoldreportersduringapressconferenceFriday."IwasamaincharacterinFallout4,acharacterbythenameofKellogg,andIneverknewthatIwasdoingvocalrecordingforthatgamethroughouttheyearandahalf.ScottWitlin,thelawyerrepresentingthevideogamecompanies,saysvoiceactors"representlessthanonetenthof1percentoftheworkthatgoesintomakingavideogame."So"eventhoughthey'rethetopcraftsmenintheirfield,"Witlinsays,"ifwepaythemunderavastlydifferentsystemthanthepeoplewhodothe99.9percentofthework,that'sgoingtocreatefarmoreproblemsforthevideogamecompanies."46.WhydidSAG-AFTRAdeclareastrikeagainst為反對(duì)……而罷工somevideogamepublishers?

A)Thelaborcontractbetweenthemhadbeenviolated.

B)Itsappealtorenegotiatethecontracthadbeenrejected.

C)Ithadbeencheatedrepeatedlyinthe19monthsoftalks.

D)Thenegotiations談判、協(xié)商、磋商betweenthemhadbrokendown.

47.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthevideogamingindustry?

A)Ithasreaped收獲、收割hugeprofitsinrecentyears.

B)Ithasbecomemoreopenandtransparent.

C)Ithasattractedmanyfamousvoiceactors.

D)Ithasinvestedalotinitsdomesticmarket.

48.Whatarethevoiceactorsdemanding?

A)Moreregularemployment.

B)Anon-discriminatorycontract.

C)Extrapay額外旳費(fèi)用、額外旳酬勞basedonsalesrevenues.

D)Alimitonthemaximumworkhours.

49.WhatdoesKeytheFarleysayaboutvoiceactors?

A)Theyarekeptinthedarkaboutmanydetailsoftheirjob.

B)Theyarediscriminatedagainstinthegamingindustry.

C)Theyarenotpaidonaregularbasis.

D)Theyarenotemployedfull-time.

50.WhatistheargumentoflawyerScottWitlin?

A)Voiceactorsshouldhaveapayraiseiftheyprovetobetopcraftsmen.

B)Changingthepaysystemwouldcausetheindustrymoreproblems.

C)Voiceactorsaremerecraftsmen,notprofessionalperformers.

D)Payingvoiceactorsonanhourlybasisisinlinewiththelaw.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OfficialsattheWhiteHouseannouncedanewspacepolicyfocusedonmanagingtheincreasingnumberofsatellitesthatcompaniesandgovernmentsarelaunchingintospace.SpacePolicyDirective-3laysoutgeneralguidelinesfortheUnitedStatestomitigate(緩和)theeffectsofspacedebrisandtrackandmanagetrafficinspace.ThispolicysetsthestagefortheDepartmentofCommercetotakeoverthemanagementoftrafficinspace.Thedepartmentwillmakesurethatnewlylaunchedsatellitesdon'tuseradiofrequenciesthatwouldinterferewithexistingsatellites,andschedulewhensuchnewsatellitescanbelaunched.ThisonlyappliestoAmericanspaceactivities,butthehopeisthatitwillhelpstandardizeasetofnormsinthedawningcommercialspaceflightindustrythroughouttheworld.Space,especiallythespacedirectlyaroundourplanet,isgettingmorecrowdedasmoregovernmentsandcompanieslaunchsatellites.Oneimpetusforthepolicyisthatcompaniesarealreadystartingtobuildmassiveconstellations(星座)，comprisinghundredsorthousandsofsatelliteswithmanymovingpartsamongthem.Withsomuchstuffinspace,andalimitedareaaroundourplanet,thegovernmentwantstoreducethechancesofacollision.Twoormoresatellitesslammingintoeachothercouldcreatemanymoreout-of-controlbitsthatwouldposeevenmorehazardstothegrowingcollectionofsatellitesinspace.Andit'snotlikethishasn'thappenedbefore.In2023anoldRussiancraftslammedintoacommunicationssatellite,creatingacloudofhundredsofpiecesofdebrisandputtingotherhardwareatrisk.JournalistSarahScolesreportsthatNASAcurrentlytracksabout24,000objectsinspace,andin2023theAirForcehadtoissue3,995,874warningstosatelliteownersalertingthemtoapotentialnearbythreatfromanothersatelliteorbitofdebris.That'swhythisnewpolicyalsoincludesdirectionstoupdatethecurrentU.S.GovernmentOrbitalDebrisMitigationStandardPractices,whichalreadyrequireanyentitythatlaunchesasatelliteorspacecrafttovigorouslyanalyzethelikelihoodthatanyoftheiractions,fromanunexpectedfailureornormaloperations,willcreatemorespacedebris.Itincludesaccountingforanypieceofdebristheyplantoreleaseover5mmthatmightstayinorbitfor25yearsormore.Itmightseemsurprisingtothinkaboutanitemstayinginspaceforthatlong,buttheoldestsatellitestillinorbit-Vanguard1-turned60in2023.Agenciesandcompani