第一部分基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法1/94介詞介詞2/94專題練析一、詞組填空：在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)介詞，并熟記這些詞組。◆動(dòng)詞+介詞1.look_______照料2.congratulate______祝賀3.hear_________收到……來(lái)信4.run_________或come_________偶遇afteronfromintoacross3/945.catchup_______趕上6.geton/along________和睦相處；進(jìn)展7.workhard____努力做……工作8.dowell______在……方面做得好◆動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞inwithwithat4/949.effect______對(duì)……影響10.love_______對(duì)……熱愛(ài)11.note/key/answer/way/visit______……注釋/關(guān)鍵/答案、通向……路、到……訪問(wèn)12.interest______對(duì)……興趣◆名詞+介詞inonforto5/9413.takecare____照料14.takenotice_____注意到15.haveaccess_____有權(quán)使用16.makeuse___或takeadvantage_____利用◆動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞ofoftoofof6/9417.busy________忙于某事18.sorry_________為……感到抱歉19.surprised________對(duì)……感到詫異20.beavailable_________(sb.)可被……利用或得到◆形容詞+介詞withforatto/for7/94______breakfast在吃早餐22._______ink用墨水（鋼筆）23._______somereason因?yàn)槟撤N原因_______danger處于危險(xiǎn)中25._______theweekend在周末◆介詞+名詞atinforinon/at8/94二、單句填空：在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)介詞。1.Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered．Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_____sale.（09廣東高考）2.Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interests_____hisown.(09四川)2.above。偉人總是讓他人利益凌駕在自己之上。Above可用來(lái)表示價(jià)值、主要性等“在……之上”。onabove1.on。表示“出售”onsale是固定搭配。9/943.Tryonthisredskirt;youwilllookgreat______it.4.Heinvitedmetoadanceaftertheshow_____ChristmasEve.(09陜西)5.SometimesIthinkmyfatherloveshisdogmorethanhelovesus._______afewdays,IobservedeverythingIcouldabouthimandthedog.（09茂名二模）5.For。表示連續(xù)一段時(shí)間，用介詞for。inonFor3.in。試穿下這條紅裙子，你穿上它看起來(lái)會(huì)挺不錯(cuò)。in有“穿著、戴著”意思。4.on。因onChristmasEve（在平安夜）是固定搭配。10/946.Changingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekey____changingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.（08廣東閱讀B）7.WhateverIdo，Irealizethatthereareproblems____usingtheInternetincludingillegaltricks，andviruses，soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmypersonalinformation．（09惠州三模）7．with。表示“……方面問(wèn)題”，為problemwith(doing)。towith6.to。表示“做……關(guān)鍵”，為thekeytodoing。11/948.Onedayarichmantookhissononatriptothecountry.Hewantedtoshowhissonhowthepoorlivedsohecouldbethankful_____hiswealth.（09廣州一模）9.Butthehardpartlayinmyoralpresentation;toreadfromthepaperwasnotallowed;Ihadtogivethespeech______mymemoryandinfrontofsuchabigaudience!（09深圳二模）9．from。frommemory意為“憑記憶”。forfrom8.for。表示“對(duì)……感激”，為bethankfulfor。12/9410.NelsonMandelaopenedablacklawfirmgivingtheblackadvice____theirproblems.11.Everybodywastouched_________wordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.(09全國(guó)1)12.FourChinesemodelswere__________the14peopleawardedprizesonFridayattheWorldSupermodelCompetition.(09上海)12.among。周五世界超模大賽中獲獎(jiǎng)14人中有四名中國(guó)模特。onbeyondamong10.on。表示“就……提(意見(jiàn))提議”為giveadviceon。11.beyond。全部些人聽到她那感人故事后都感動(dòng)得無(wú)言以對(duì)。beyond在句中意為“超出…”。13/9413.Childrenneedfriends____theirownagetoplaywith.（09遼寧)14.Itsavestimeinthekitchentohavethingsyouusealot________easyreach.(09山東)15.MostAmericanswouldprefertokeeptheirproblemsthemselves,andsolvetheirproblems________themselves.（09湖南)15.to;by。大部分美國(guó)人遇見(jiàn)問(wèn)題都秘而不宣，而且自己處理。keep......tooneself意為“將……秘而不宣、不把……告訴他人”；byoneself意為“獨(dú)自地”。13.of。孩子需要和他們同齡朋友一起玩。ofone’sage意為“和……同齡”。ofwithinto/by14.within。把你慣用廚房用具放在隨手可及地方能夠節(jié)約時(shí)間。withinreach是固定搭配，意為“隨手可及”。14/94三、語(yǔ)篇模擬：在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)介詞。HowcanyouProtectyourselffrombirdflu1__mostplaces,thereisnoimmediatethreat（威脅）tohumansfrombirdflu.Thebestwaytoprotectyourselfis2____doingthesamethingsyoudotoprotectyourselffromanycontagiousillness.Nomatterwhereyouliveandhowhealthyyouare,besuretothoroughlywashyourhands3____soapandwatermanytimesaday,particularly4____goingtothebathroomand5______preparingmealsandeating.1.in。在某個(gè)地方，是“inaplace”，在大多數(shù)地方，為inmostplaces。2.by。介詞短語(yǔ)bydoing作方式狀語(yǔ)，意為“經(jīng)過(guò)做……”。3.with。表示“用（詳細(xì)工具）”。4.after。依據(jù)生活常識(shí)，應(yīng)為“便后洗手”。5.before。依據(jù)生活常識(shí)，應(yīng)為“飯前洗手”。inbywithafterbefore15/94Ifyou’regoingtoacountrywheretherehasbeenanoutbreak6___birdflu,talkwithyourdoctorandvisitthewebsitesofagencies7____theCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC)andtheWHO.TheCDCpoststravelwarnings8___itswebsite.Ifyouare9___acountrywheretherehasbeenabirdfluoutbreak,avoidanycontact（接觸）withchickens,ducks,geese,pigeons,turkeys,quail,oranywildbirds.Stayaway10____livebirdmarkets,localpoultryfarms,oranyothersettingswheretheremightbeinfectedpoultry.6.of。表示“……”,anoutbreakofbirdflu意為“禽流感暴發(fā)”。7.like。用來(lái)舉例，意為“像，比如”，相當(dāng)于suchas。8.on。在網(wǎng)站上，用介詞on。9.in。在一個(gè)國(guó)家。10.from。固定搭配stayawayfrom，意為“遠(yuǎn)離……”。oflikeoninfrom16/94冠詞冠詞17/94專題練析一、單句填空：用a,an或the填空。1.Let’sgoto____cinema－that’lltakeyourmindofftheproblemfor____while.(09全國(guó)1)2.WhatIneedis___bookthatcontains____ABCofoilpainting.(09全國(guó)2)2.a；the。我需要是一本包含油畫入門知識(shí)書。第一空表泛指“一本”，第二空表特指“油畫”入門知識(shí)。theathea1.the；a。我們?nèi)タ磮?chǎng)電影，這么能夠讓你思緒暫時(shí)從這問(wèn)題中擺脫出來(lái)。兩空均考查冠詞固定搭配：gotothecinema意為“看電影”；forawhile意為“暫時(shí)、一會(huì)兒”。18/943.Thebiggestwhaleis___bluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29meterslong——theheightof___9-storybuilding.(09北京)3.the；a。最大鯨魚是藍(lán)鯨，它能夠長(zhǎng)到29米長(zhǎng)，相當(dāng)于九層樓那么高。第一空用the表示特指一類鯨魚——藍(lán)鯨；第二空用a表泛指“一幢”。thea4.Thisareaexperienced_____heaviestrainfallin_____monthofMay.(09遼寧)4.the;the。這地域五月份遭受最強(qiáng)降雨。第一空用the以組成最高級(jí)；第二空用the表特指。

the

the19/945.Idon’tunderstandwhattheengineermeans,butI’vegot____roughideaof_____projectplan.(09浙江)6.Somepeoplefearthatairpollutionmaybringaboutchangesin______weatheraroundtheworld.(09江西)6.the。有些人擔(dān)心空氣污染會(huì)造成全球氣候改變。特指全球天氣要加定冠詞。5.a；the。我不了解那工程師意思，但我對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目標(biāo)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)有了大致想法。have(got)anidea是固定搭配，冠詞后是rough，所以用a；第二空用the特指他們談?wù)撃莻€(gè)計(jì)劃。athethe20/947.Wecanneverexpect____bluerskyunlesswecreate______lesspollutedworld.(09安徽)8.WashingmachinesmadebyChinahavewonworldwideattentionandHaierhasbecome_____popularname.(09重慶)8.a。中國(guó)制造洗衣機(jī)已經(jīng)贏得全世界關(guān)注，而且海爾已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)受歡迎品牌。用a表“一個(gè)”。7.a；a。除非我們創(chuàng)造一個(gè)少一些污染世界，不然我們永遠(yuǎn)也看不到更藍(lán)天空。moon，sky，world等表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物被形容詞修飾時(shí)要加不定冠詞。aaa21/949.What____pitythatyoucouldn’tbetheretoreceive_____prize!(09陜西)10.Inordertofind___betterjob,hedecidedtostudy___secondforeignlanguage.（09四川）10.a；a。該題意思是：為了找到一個(gè)更加好工作，他決定再學(xué)習(xí)另外一門外語(yǔ)。第一空表示泛指；第二空用“a+序數(shù)詞+名詞”表示又一，再一。9.a；the。很遺憾你不能到那領(lǐng)這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。whatapity是固定搭配；第二空用the表說(shuō)話雙方都知道這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。atheaa22/94[1]____Australianmanwascaughtwithtwolivepigeonsinhistrousersashegotoffaflightfrom[2]_____MiddleEast,authoritiessaidTuesday.Customsofficersbody-searched[3]____23-year-oldafterhewasfoundwithtwobirdeggsin[4]____vitamincontainerinhispocketduringbaggagechecksatMelbourneAirportonSunday.1.An。指“一個(gè)澳大利亞人”，用不定冠詞。元音音素前用an。2.the。由普通名詞組成專有名詞前作定冠詞。theMiddleEast表示“中東”。3.the。特指上文提到這個(gè)澳大利亞人。the23-year-old＝the23-year-oldperson。4.a。表示數(shù)量“一”，指一個(gè)裝維生素瓶子。Anthethea23/94“Themanwastakento[5]_____privateinterviewroomandCustomsandborderprotectionofficersfoundhewaswearingtightswith[6]____livepigeonhiddenineachleg,”Customssaid.Theman,whohadcomeoffaten-hourflightfromDubai,wasalsocarryingplantseedsin[7]_____moneybeltandeggplantsamplesinhisbag.5.a。指一間秘密審問(wèn)室。6.a。指一只活鴿。7.a．指一條裝錢皮帶。aaa24/94“Wildlifesmugglingisnotonlycruelto[8]_____animalsinvolved,itposesasevereriskto[9]______AustralianenvironmentandthehealthoftheAustraliancommunity,”saidCustomswildlifespokesmanRichardJaneczko.Theoffencescarryamaximumpunishmentof10yearsinprisonand[10]______110,000dollarfine($70,000).8.the。特指與走私相關(guān)動(dòng)物。9.the。特指澳大利亞環(huán)境。10.a。指一筆110，000澳元罰金。thethea25/94代詞代詞26/94專題練析一、單句填空：在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)詞。1.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas_____ofpublichealth.（09全國(guó)1)2.Charleswasaloneathome,with_________lookingafterhim.(09全國(guó)2)3.TheCDsareonsale!Buyoneandyouget______completelyfree.(09全國(guó)2)4.–Wow!You’vegotsomanyclothes.—But_____ofthemareinfashionnow.(09上海)1.that。指代thequestion。2.nobody。表示“沒(méi)有些人”用nobody，相當(dāng)于noone。因只填一個(gè)詞，所以填nobody。3.one。泛指同類事物中一個(gè)。4.none。衣服數(shù)量應(yīng)在三件以上，且but表轉(zhuǎn)折，所以填none。句意為：但沒(méi)有一件是現(xiàn)在流行。thatnobodyonenone27/945.______isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.(09遼寧)6.IfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn’tface________daylikethat.（09山東)7.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith______oftheirparents.(09江蘇)5.Such。在句中作代詞，意為“這么事”，故填Such。注意：本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，不可填I(lǐng)t。6.another。昨天一整天我都如此沮喪以至于今天早上我決定不能再如此面對(duì)另一天了。another普通與單數(shù)名詞連用，泛指三個(gè)及三個(gè)以上人或物中“另一個(gè)”。7.that。90%家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為他們?cè)趦号逃绞缴吓c上一代父母有顯著不一樣。用that指代approachtoeducatingtheirchildren。Suchanotherthat28/948.Overthepast20years,theInternethelpedchangeourworldin_____wayoranotherforthebetter.(09重慶)9.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy____.（09四川）10.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn’tanswer_____ofthem.(09陜西)8.one。過(guò)去里，網(wǎng)絡(luò)以不一樣方式幫助我們把世界變得越來(lái)越好。注意one和another搭配。9.it。句意：我喜歡這個(gè)前面有一個(gè)漂亮花園房子，不過(guò)我沒(méi)有足夠多錢去把它買下來(lái)。第一句話中thishouse表明在該語(yǔ)境中是特指使用方法，所以答案為it，表示特指。該題輕易誤填one，要注意是one表示泛指。10.any。簡(jiǎn)被提問(wèn)了很多問(wèn)題，但她一個(gè)也沒(méi)有回答。oneitany29/94二、語(yǔ)篇模擬：用適當(dāng)代詞填空。Thereoncelivedamonk（和尚）calledShaninavillageinChina.Hehadearnedagreatnamefor1______,buthewasveryarrogant（高傲）.QuiJunheardof2_____arroganceandwantedtoteachthemonkalesson.HewenttomeetShan,3______neithergreetedhimnoracknowledgedhispresence.Justthenaservantofthemonkcamewithamessage:“Thesonofanarmyofficerisheretosee4______.”1.himself。為自己博得美名。填反身代詞。2.his。指和尚高傲。3.who。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。4.you.。軍官兒子來(lái)見(jiàn)你。himselfhiswhoyou30/94Themonksaid,“Iwillgoandgreethim.”Shanwelcomedthesonofthearmyofficerwithrespect.Afterthearmyofficer’ssonhaddeparted,QuiJunaskedShanthereasonfor5_____double-facedbehaviour.“Whyis6_____thatyougreetedthearmyofficer’ssonsorespectfully,yetbehavedsoarrogantlytowardsme?”ShantheMonkhadaquickreply:“Pleasedon’tget7_____wrong.Forme,greetingmeansnotgreetingandnotgreetingmeansgreeting.”5.his。指他兩面行為原因。6.it。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式疑問(wèn)句形式。對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，為：Why/When/Who/whereisitthat...。7.me。表示“誤解某人”，為getsb.wrong。hisitme31/94QuiJununderstoodthemonk’smischiefandhit8____hardonhisheadwithhisstick.“Accordingto9_____logic,beatingyoumeansnotbeatingandnotbeatingyoumeansbeating.Therefore,Ihavetogiveyouabeating,”saidQuiJun.Shanimmediatelyrealisedthefoolishnessofhisactionsandstartedshowingrespectto10________hemet,irrespectiveoftheirstatus.8.him。打某人頭部，為hitsb.onone’shead。9.your。依據(jù)你邏輯。10.everyone。對(duì)他見(jiàn)到每個(gè)人都表示尊重。himyoureveryone32/94連詞與引導(dǎo)詞連詞與引導(dǎo)詞33/94專題練析單句填空在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)連詞或引導(dǎo)詞。1.Givetothemwhattheyneed,andshowthemnotcrueltynordisapprovalnorcoldnessnordisappointment,_____onlylove.2.Ifacustomerlosestrustinthecompany,heneitherpurchasesfromitagain_____recommendsittoothers.3.Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonlywasteachers’energysaved,______studentsbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.（09海南）1.but?？崭襁B接功效對(duì)等名詞“cruelty”和“l(fā)ove”，考慮用關(guān)聯(lián)詞“not...but...（不是…而是…）”。2.nor。連接并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“purchases”和“recommends”，用關(guān)聯(lián)詞“neither...nor（既不…也不…）”。3.but。句意為：計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用于教學(xué)。結(jié)果，不但教師節(jié)約能量，而且學(xué)生對(duì)課程更感興趣?？疾椤皀otonly...butalso...”，放在句首作狀語(yǔ)，句子則用部分倒裝。其中also能夠省略。butnorbut34/944.WhenIgethomefromwork，Iturnonmycomputer，wait___________itbootsup(開啟)completely，andthenIgoonline．（09惠州三模）5.Inthisway,_____________themanthoughtofdoingsomethingbad,herememberedhispromisetotellthetruthatalltimes.（09六校聯(lián)考）4.until／till。連詞，“直到”。5.whenever?？崭襁B接兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：themanthoughtof...和heremembered...。依據(jù)句意，為“每當(dāng)他想做壞事時(shí)候，他想起要總是說(shuō)真話承諾?！?，所以用whenever引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，whenever相當(dāng)于Everytimewhen，意為“每當(dāng)”。until／tillwhenever35/946._________unemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.(09江蘇)7.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_______shewasandwaitforhermother.(09山東)6.Where。在失業(yè)率及犯罪率居高不下地方，能夠推斷后者是由前者引發(fā)。Where（=Theplaceinwhich...）引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。7.where。那個(gè)迷路小女孩決定呆在原地等她媽媽。依據(jù)句意判斷，remain（vi.逗留、不離去）后接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句____shewas，所以空格處該填where。Wherewhere36/948.Peterwassoexcited_______hereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriendtovisitChongqing.（09重慶)9.Thehow-tobookcanbeofhelpto__________wantstodothejob.(09陜西)8.when。當(dāng)收到朋友請(qǐng)他去重慶玩邀請(qǐng)，彼得是如此興奮。若用so...that結(jié)構(gòu)，句意不符合邏輯。這是個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。9.whoever。這本指南書對(duì)想要從事這項(xiàng)工作人都會(huì)有幫助。賓語(yǔ)從句中缺乏主語(yǔ)，排除whomever。Whoever既作主語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語(yǔ)，又作從句中主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于anyonewho；who不具備這種語(yǔ)法功效。whenwhoever37/9410.Newscamefromtheschooloffice_______WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(09四川)11.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave_______couldbelife’smostimportantdecision——marriage——almostentirelyuptoluck.(09江蘇)10.that。從學(xué)校辦公室傳來(lái)消息：王琳被錄用到北京大學(xué)了?？疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句。從句用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)news詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，連接代詞用that。11.what。預(yù)計(jì)許多西方年輕人會(huì)把可能是人生中最主要抉擇－婚姻，幾乎完全交由幸運(yùn)之神掌握?！癱ouldbelife’smostimportantdecision”是leave賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺乏主語(yǔ)，所以用what。thatwhat38/9412.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee____________itgotanybetter.(09北京)13.Asanewdiplomat，heoftenthinksof_______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.(09上海)14.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone______local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.(09江蘇)12.if/whether。起先他討厭這個(gè)新工作，但決定給自己幾個(gè)月時(shí)間看看是否能感覺(jué)好點(diǎn)?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。13.how。作為一名外交官，他經(jīng)?？紤]著怎樣在這么場(chǎng)所表現(xiàn)得更得體?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句，從句缺乏方式狀語(yǔ)。答案為how。14.when。因?yàn)榻鹑谖C(jī)，當(dāng)?shù)匚逍羌?jí)酒店每晚收費(fèi)6000元日子一去不復(fù)返了。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞days。if/whetherhowwhen39/9415.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.（09福建)16.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_____Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.（09浙江)17.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof______Ihadevermetbefore.（09全國(guó)1)15.where。把孩子放在他們能夠另眼看自己環(huán)境里是有益?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞是situation，在從句中與介詞in搭配作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，inwhich=where。16.where。我已經(jīng)到達(dá)人生一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，在這轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，我得自己拿主意?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞是point，與介詞at搭配在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。where＝atthispoint。17.whom。她帶來(lái)三個(gè)朋友，沒(méi)有一個(gè)我之前見(jiàn)過(guò)。前后兩分句間缺連接詞，所以判斷后一分句是定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞friends在從句中緊接介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，所以只能用whom。wherewherewhom40/9418.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,______wasverykindofhim..(09全國(guó)2)19.Manychildren,_______parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage．(09安徽)20.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_______namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(09湖南)18.which。我朋友帶我參觀這小鎮(zhèn)，他這么做真是一個(gè)好人。考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞which指代前面整個(gè)句子。19.whose。許多父母離家在大城市工作小孩在村里得到很好照料。先行詞是children，關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作定語(yǔ)。20.whose。我出生在路易斯安娜州新奧爾良市，這是一個(gè)看到它名字就會(huì)在我們腦海里出現(xiàn)出一幅綠樹成蔭、青草萋萋畫面城市。先行詞city在從句中作name定語(yǔ)，所以填whose。whichwhosewhose41/94二、語(yǔ)篇填空閱讀以下短文,在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)詞。(1)Influenza,orflu,isacommoninfectionofthenoseandthroat,andsometimesthelungs.Thecauseisavirus[1]_____________passesfromonepersontoanother.Thevirusspreadsthroughtheair[2]______aninfectedpersonexpelsairsuddenly.1.that/which。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。2.when。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句?！爱?dāng)感染者突然呼氣時(shí)，病毒就傳輸?shù)娇諝庵??！眛hat/whichwhen42/94Medicalexpertshaveidentifiedthreemajorkindsofinfluenza.TheycallthemtypeA,BandC.TypeCistheleastserious.Peoplemaynotevenknowtheyhaveit.[3]________researchersstudytheothertwokindsveryclosely.Viruseschangetosurvive.Thiscanmakeitdifficultforthebodytorecognize[4]_______fightaninfection.3.But。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。C型流行性感冒不為人所覺(jué)察，但研究人員認(rèn)真研究另外兩種。4.and。“識(shí)別并與感染作斗爭(zhēng)”，并列關(guān)系。Butand43/94Aperson[5]_____hassufferedonekindofflucannotdevelopthatsamekindagain.Thebody’sdefensesystemproducesantibodies（抗體）.Thesesubstancesstayinthebloodanddestroythevirus[6]________itappearsagain.[7]______thebodymaynotrecognizeafluvirus[8]___________hasevenasmallchange.5.who。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。6.if/when。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。7.But?？贵w能破壞病毒，但當(dāng)病毒有細(xì)微改變時(shí)身體卻無(wú)法識(shí)別它，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。8.that/which。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。whoif/whenButthat/which44/94Eachyear,researchersdevelopvaccines（疫苗）topreventthespreadofthefluvirus.TheWorldHealthOrganizationholdsmeetingsin[9]_______expertsdiscuss[10]_______kindsoffluvirusestoincludeinthenextvaccine.9.which。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。inwhich指代inthemeeting。10.what。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。教授討論下一代疫苗將包含哪些流感病毒。whichwhat45/94(2)Americanscientistshavediscoveredthatwalnuttreescanproducemorethanwalnuts.Thescientistssaywalnuttreesalsocanmakeachemicalformofthepopularpain-killingmedicineaspirin.Thetreesdothisunderthestressofdisease[1]____otherthreats.Scientistssaythechemicalmayhelpthetreesreducedamagefromdryweather,unseasonabletemperatures[2]____otherchangesintheenvironment.1.or?！凹膊毫蛘咂渌{”是選擇關(guān)系，故用or。2.and。并列關(guān)系，用and.orand46/94Theresultsareimportant[3]_________presenceofthechemicalcouldwarngrowersearly[4]______atreeisindanger.Growerscouldrecognizeaproblem[5]_____leavesonwalnuttreesdieandfalloff.Thescientistssaidthefindingsalsoshow[6]_____aplantcancommunicatewithotherplantsthroughtheatmosphere.Forexample,atreecouldcommunicate[7]_______itisunderattackfrominsects.Withthatinformation,agrowercouldbegincorrectivetreatment.3.because。因果關(guān)系。譯文：“這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果主要，因?yàn)檫@種化學(xué)物質(zhì)存在能夠向種植者發(fā)出樹木有危險(xiǎn)警告”。4.that。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。warnsb.that...，向某人警告某事。5.before。樹葉死亡或落下之前就發(fā)出警告。6.that。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。7.when。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)樹木受到昆蟲攻擊時(shí)，能與其它樹木進(jìn)行信息交流。becausethatbeforethatwhen47/94Researchershaveknownforalongtime[8]_______laboratoryplantsmayproducemethylsalicylate,aspirin’schemicalform.Aspirinwasfirstproducedfromthebarkcoveringonwillowtrees.[9]______theresearchershadneverbeforefoundmethylsalicylateinaforest.Theyhadnotconfirmedthattreescouldemit,[10]_____giveout,largeamountsofthechemicalintotheatmosphere.8.that。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句及物動(dòng)詞grow賓語(yǔ)。9.But。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。此句譯為：“阿斯匹林最初產(chǎn)于柳樹皮，但之前研究人員沒(méi)有在森林中發(fā)覺(jué)水楊酸甲酯。”10.or。逗號(hào)后用or能夠表示解釋，“或者說(shuō)”。thatButor48/94時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)49/94專題練析一、單句填空

用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Theboy,whohadremainedsilentanddeepinthoughtonthejourneyhome,________(reply)inawaythatshockedhisfather.(09廣州一模)2IntheAntarcticPeninsula,scientistsestimatethatclimatechange__________(cause)temperaturestoincreasebytwoorthreedegreesCelsiusoverthepastfiftyyears.1.replied。分析時(shí)，先去掉定語(yǔ)從句，則主句為：Theboy_____(reply)inawaythatshockedhisfather.可見(jiàn)這個(gè)句子缺乏謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以此處動(dòng)詞reply用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)上下文，用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。2.hascaused。因句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)overthepastfiftyyears，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。repliedhascaused50/943.InIndonesia,whereObamalivedaschild,hundredsofstudentsathisformerelementaryschooleruptedincheerswhenhe__________(declare)winner,pouringintothecourtyardwheretheyhugged,dancedintherainandchanted“Obama!Obama!”（09茂名一模）4.Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnot____________(admit)backin.(09全國(guó)2)5.Progress__________(be)sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.(09全國(guó))3.wasdeclared。因是由他人宣告奧巴馬取勝，所以“奧巴馬被宣告為獲勝者”，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4.beadmitted。假如你離開這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部，你就不能再被允許進(jìn)入了。句中l(wèi)eave意為“退出”。.5.hasbeen。到當(dāng)前為止進(jìn)展非常順利，我們確信這項(xiàng)工作將會(huì)準(zhǔn)期完成。依據(jù)句中“sofar(到當(dāng)前為止)”和句中后一分句時(shí)態(tài)判斷，該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。wasdeclaredbeadmittedhasbeen51/946.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse________(come)intobeing.(09全國(guó)2)7.Johnwasgiventhesamesuitcasehisfatherandgrandfather___________(take)withthemtoschool.(09北京)6.came。關(guān)于宇宙怎樣形成，科學(xué)家們有很多推測(cè)。宇宙形成是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。7.hadtaken。約翰父親和爺爺以前上學(xué)用皮箱現(xiàn)在被拿給約翰用了。依據(jù)句意，約翰父親和爺爺用這個(gè)皮箱是發(fā)生在約翰得到這個(gè)皮箱之前，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。camehadtaken52/948.Myparents________(live)inHongKong.Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhereelse.(09天津)9.MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeI_________(leave)forAfrica.(09遼寧)8.live。依據(jù)第二句時(shí)態(tài)判斷，我父母親現(xiàn)在還健在，所以該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；再依據(jù)第二句句意確定他們當(dāng)前還在香港居住。9.leave。我父母親答應(yīng)在我動(dòng)身去非洲前會(huì)來(lái)看我。依據(jù)主句使用時(shí)態(tài)判斷我還沒(méi)去非洲，這是個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，要用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示未來(lái)。liveleave53/9410.Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair_________________(phone)allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?(09遼寧)11.—Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?—It’sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatI________(miss)thebeginning.(09浙江)12.—Whatisthepriceofpetrolthesedays?—Oh,it______________________(rise)sharplysincelastmonth.(09江西)10.hasbeenphoning。馬希爾，打攪你一下，有個(gè)來(lái)自名利場(chǎng)記者一整天都在打電話來(lái)。你現(xiàn)在能和他說(shuō)說(shuō)嗎？依據(jù)句中allday判斷，該用完成時(shí)態(tài)；再依據(jù)句意，到現(xiàn)在還在打，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。11.missed?！阋詾檫@部電影怎樣？——太棒了。唯一遺憾是我錯(cuò)過(guò)了開頭。12.hasrisen/hasbeenrising。－這幾天油價(jià)怎樣？－哦，從上月開始就一直飆升。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sincelastmonth判斷，該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。hasbeenphoningmissedhasrisen/hasbeenrising54/9413.ThepopulationofJiangsu___________(grow)tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.(09江蘇)14.—Annisinhospital.—Oh,really?Ididn’tknow.I________(go)andvisither.(09江蘇)15.—Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?—Sorry.It_____________________(repair).(09江蘇)13.hasgrown。江蘇人口已經(jīng)增加到1949年時(shí)兩倍多。當(dāng)前人口靠近七千四百萬(wàn)。依據(jù)第二句時(shí)態(tài)判斷，空格處時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示人口連續(xù)增加到現(xiàn)在。population是集體名詞，在句中看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。14。willgo。依據(jù)句意，說(shuō)話人打算去看她，這個(gè)動(dòng)作還沒(méi)發(fā)生，所以用普通未來(lái)時(shí)，begoingto強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃安排，will強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)決定，所以填willgo。15.isbeingrepaired。依據(jù)答語(yǔ)判斷，特瑞電腦壞了，此刻還在維修中，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。hasgrownwillgoisbeingrepaired55/9416.Daniel’sfamily_____________(enjoy)theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.(09安徽)17.JustasProfessorScottioften______(put)it,successisninety-ninepercentmentalattitude.(09安徽)18.—Thefoodhereisniceenough.—Myfriend_________(introduce)mearightplace.(09湖南)16.willbeenjoying。下周此時(shí)，丹尼爾一家應(yīng)正在黃山度假。依據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（下周此時(shí)）判斷，時(shí)態(tài)用未來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。17.puts。正如Scotti教授常說(shuō)，成功99％靠心態(tài)。put可作“敘述、陳說(shuō)”解，用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)。18.introduced。依據(jù)句意判斷，此刻他們就在朋友介紹那個(gè)餐廳，所以朋友是之前介紹這個(gè)餐廳給他們，用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。willbeenjoyingputsintroduced56/9419.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_____________________(broadcast)andIwanttolisten.20.Shestaredatthepainting,wonderingwhereshe__________(see)it.(09重慶)21.—I’vegottogonow.—Mustyou?I_________(think)youcouldstayfordinnerwithus.（09重慶)19.isbeingbroadcast(ed)。據(jù)句意“你能平靜點(diǎn)嗎”判斷，此刻天氣預(yù)報(bào)正在播出。20.hadseen。她盯著那幅畫，琢磨著在哪看過(guò)這幅畫。see動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去動(dòng)作stared之前，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。21.thought?！以撟吡??！愕米吡?？我原認(rèn)為你能留下來(lái)和我們吃晚飯。依據(jù)答語(yǔ)中could判斷，用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。isbeingbroadcast(ed)hadseenthought57/9422.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture_________(belong)tothewell-educated.(09重慶)23.Thisisthefirsttimewe__________(see)afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.(09陜西)24.Later,settlementhousesofasimilarkind_________(found)inmanypoorneighborhoodstomakethepoormoremeaningful.（惠州第一次調(diào)研）22.belongs。威廉斯教授總是告訴他學(xué)生：未來(lái)屬于受過(guò)良好教育人。belong是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與介詞to連用，不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，依據(jù)句意，賓語(yǔ)從句表述是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，所以用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)。23.haveseen。這是我們作為一家人第一次在電影院看電影。依據(jù)慣使用方法，It/This/Thatisthefirst/secondtime+(that)...句型中，從句通慣用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。24.werefounded。因settlementhouses是“被建立”，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。belongshaveseenwerefounded58/94二、語(yǔ)篇模擬(用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。)(1)Itwasanextremelyhotday.Acrewofmen[1]______________(work)ontheroadbedoftherailroadwhenthey[2]________________(interrupt)byaslowmovingtrain.Thetrainstoppedandawindowinthelastcarwithaircondition[3]____________(raise).1.wereworking。用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句型bedoing...when...，表示“正在做……這時(shí)候……”。2.wereinterrupted。因是“被打斷”，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3.wasraised。因窗戶是被升起，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。wereworkingwereinterruptedwasraised59/94Afriendlyvoicecalledout,“Dave,isthatyou?”DaveAnderson,thecrewchief[4]_______(call)back,“Sureis,Jim,andit’sreallygood[5]_______(see)you.”Withthatpleasantexchange,DaveAnderson[6]____________(invite)tojoinJimMurphy,thepresidentoftherailroad,foravisit.Foroveranhourthemanexchangedpleasantriesandthen[7]_______(shake)handswarmlyasthetrainpulledout.4.called。表示“叫喊”，依據(jù)上下文，用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。5.tosee。習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)“It’sgoodtoseeyou”，意為“見(jiàn)到你真高興”。6.wasinvited。Dave被Jim邀請(qǐng)上去，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。7.shook。動(dòng)詞shake時(shí)態(tài)與前面exchanged一致，都用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。calledtoseewasinvitedshook60/94DaveAnderson’screwimmediately[8]__________(surround)himandamanexpressedastonishmentthatheknewJimMurphy,thepresidentoftherailroadasapersonalfriend.Davethenexplainedthat20yearsearlierheandJimMurphy[9]___________(start)toworkfortherailroadonthesameday.OneofthemenaskedDavewhyhewasstillworkingoutinthehotsunandJimMurphyhadgottentobepresident.RatherwistfullyDaveexplained,“twenty-threeyearsagoI[10]______(go)toworkfor$1.75anhourwhileJimMurphyfortherailroad.”8.surrounded。同事“圍住”他，用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。9.hadstarted。在普通過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)作explained之前就“開始工作”了，屬于“過(guò)去過(guò)去”，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?；蛘咭罁?jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)20yearsearlier提醒，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。10.went。句中有詳細(xì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)twenty-threeyearsago，用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。surroundedhadstartedwent61/94(2)AnArabwaswalkingthroughthedesert,thirstyforwater,whenhesawsomethingfaroffinthedistance.[1]________(hope)tofindwater,hewalkedtowardstheimage,onlytofindalittleoldJewishman[2]______(sit)atacardtablewithabunchofneckties[3]_____(lay)outonit.TheArabasked,“Please,I4________(die)ofthirst,canIhavesomewater?”TheJewishgentlemanreplied,“Idon’thaveanywater,butwhydon’tyoubuyatie?Here’sonethat[5]_____(go)nicelywithyourrobes（長(zhǎng)袍）.”1.Hoping?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表主動(dòng)。2.sitting?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，findsb.doingsth.發(fā)覺(jué)某人正在做某事。3.laid。屬于“with+名詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，因是“被放在”牌桌上，所以用lay過(guò)去分詞laid。4.amdying。就要渴死了，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。5.goes。普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Hopingsittinglaidamdyinggoes62/94TheArabshouted,“Idon’twantatie,youidiot,Ineedwater!”“OK,don’tbuyatie.But[6]________(show)youwhatniceguysJewsare,I’lltellyouthatoverthathillthere,about4miles,isanicerestaurant.Walkthatway,andthey[7]_________(give)youallthewateryouwant.”TheArabdisappeared.6.toshow。不定式作目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于inorderto。7.willgive。為“祈使句+and+普通未來(lái)時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)?！俺莻€(gè)方向走，他們就會(huì)給你所需要水”。toshowwillgive63/94ThreehourslatertheArab[8]________(come)crawlingbacktowheretheJewishman[9]___________(sit)behindhiscardtable.Hesaid“Itoldyou,about4milesoverthathill.Couldn’tyoufindit?”TheArabrasped“Ifounditallright.Yourbrother[10]________(will)notletmeinwithoutatie!”8.came。句中有詳細(xì)過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Threehourslater，所以謂語(yǔ)用普通過(guò)去時(shí)?？崭窈骳rawling是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞came。“阿拉伯人爬著回來(lái)了”。9.sat/wassitting。定語(yǔ)從句缺謂語(yǔ)，考慮時(shí)態(tài)?！埃ㄕ┳谂?/p>