第4課時(shí)第一節(jié)：真題再現(xiàn)語(yǔ)篇類型：說明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)糖稅難度系數(shù)：★★★建議用時(shí)：印文章出處：（2022全國(guó)乙卷D篇）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥月半）.Itisbelievedthattoday*schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestheremendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers［制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers*effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkspanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallpaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools. B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren'shealth. D.Toencourageresearchineducation.Howdidsomedrinkspaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets. B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction. D.Theyreducedtheirproducts*sugarcontent.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks. B.Milkbaseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices. D.ClassicCoke.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashortsighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.其次節(jié)：精深語(yǔ)篇一、高頻核心詞匯./pri'dikt/v.預(yù)言，估計(jì).ISnauns/v.宣布，公布./kan'teln/v.包含，容納./,Intrs'dju：s/u介紹，引見./ri'dju：s/v.削減，降低./kan'sju：m/v.消耗，消費(fèi)./,reks'mend/v.建議，勸說；推舉，介紹./s'maunt/n.數(shù)量，量./ik'spekt/v.期盼；估計(jì).ISvoId/v.防止，防止；回避./fo：s/〃.武力；力，力氣./'flgs(r)/n.數(shù)字./pro'dju：s/”引起，造成./'Impo：t/兒進(jìn)口，進(jìn)口商品./braend/兒品牌，商標(biāo)./ok'sept/v.接受，收受./ri'fju：z;'reQu：s/v.拒絕，回絕./.Ap'set/v.使心煩意亂，使生氣./kan'sju：mo(r)/幾消費(fèi)者，顧客./reiz/v.提升，舉起./.d3eno'rei\n/九一代(人)；一代人的時(shí)間./'heiei/B/.健康的，健壯的./'aektiv/adj.好動(dòng)的；樂觀主動(dòng)的./'pDZ9tly/adj.良好的；有助益的；正面的./'kwDlati/n.質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)./In'kAridj/u鼓舞，鼓舞；煽動(dòng)./n'S3：tf;'ri：S3：tf/〃.討論，探討./prs'dAkfn/n.生產(chǎn)，制造./di'si3(o)n/九打算，選擇./'bemflt/v.對(duì)(某人)有用，使受益./so'bi：ssti/n.過度肥胖，肥胖癥./'mlnlsto(r)/n.部長(zhǎng)，大臣./'trejori/n../,maenju'fektf9rs(r)/n.生產(chǎn)者；制造者；生產(chǎn)商./f。'siloti/設(shè)施；設(shè)備二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1../I'ni\gli/adv.開頭，最初f/ini\1/adj.開頭的，最初的 牛奶為主的2./'fugsri/adj.含糖的；甜的一 /'fugo(r)/九食糖；一匙糖，一塊方糖一/,vs'si：/adj.外國(guó)的；海外的f/.f0：t'saltid/adj.目光短淺的；近視的三、熟詞生義soft熟義：adj.軟的，松軟的生義：adj.原文：TheGovernmentssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.譯文：分析：在本句中意為“nonalcoholic（不含酒精的）〃。introduce熟義：v.介紹，引見生義：V.原文：FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodObesity.譯文：分析：在本句中意為“tomakesthavailablefbruse,discussion,etc.fbrthefirsttime（推行；實(shí)施；采納）〃。charge熟義：n.指控；控告生義：n.原文：Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers*effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.譯文：分析：在本句中意為"theamountofmoneythatsbasksforgoodsandservices（要價(jià)，收費(fèi)）〃。content熟義：adj,滿足的；滿足的生義：n.原文：SinceAprildrinkspanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.譯文：分析：在本句中意為“thethingsthatarecontainedinsth（所容納之物；所含之物；內(nèi)容）〃raise熟義：v.籌募；征集；召集；組建生義：v.原文：Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.譯文：分析：在本句中意為“toincreasetheamountorlevelofsth（增加,提高（數(shù)量、水公平））〃adoption熟義：n.收養(yǎng)；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)生義：n.原文：Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?譯文：分析：在本句中意為“thedecisiontostartusingsthsuchasanidea,aplanoraname（采納）四、詞匯應(yīng)用l.raise/rez//rez/verbMOVEUPWARDS提升①?sthtoliftormovesthtoahigherlevel提升;舉起；提起Sheraisedthegunandfired.她舉槍射擊。②?sth/sb/yourself（adv./prep.）tomovesth/sb/yourselftoaverticalposition［使）直立，站立Somehowwemanagedtoraisehertoherfeet.不管怎樣，我們最終讓她站了起來(lái)。③?sth（tosth）toincreasetheamountorlevelofsth增加,提高〔數(shù)量、水公平）toraisesalaries/prices/taxes提高薪水/價(jià)格/稅金Theyraisedtheirofferto$500.他們將出價(jià)抬高到500美元。④?sthtobringorcollectmoneyorpeopletogether;tomanagetogetorformsth籌募；征集；召集；組建Weareraisingmoneyforcharity.我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行慈善募捐。Hesetaboutraisinganarmy.他著手組建一支。(5)ANIMAL孩子；動(dòng)物(especiallyNAmE)tocareforachildoryounganimaluntilitisabletotakecareofitself撫養(yǎng)；哺育；培育?sb/sthTheywerebothraisedintheSouth.他們倆都是在南方長(zhǎng)大的。kidsraisedonadietofhamburgers吃漢堡包長(zhǎng)大的孩子?sb/sthassth|?sb/sth nounTheyraisedher(as)aCatholic.他們把她培育成為天主教徒。Iwasbornandraisedacityboy.我是個(gè)在都市里誕生、長(zhǎng)大的男孩。五、核心詞塊l.atahigherriskof essthan .atpresent .asaresultof .dependon .forfearof .befreeof .accordingto .ofgreatimportancelO.playone'spart .respondto .turnto .cutdownon 六、【長(zhǎng)難句分析】①原句：FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodObesity.分析：譯文：②原句：Today'sfigure,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschool.分析：譯文：第三節(jié)：實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練第需1手髓!★★' Passage1（2022新高考I卷*閱讀理解D篇）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon"m”and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchasand"v",weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對(duì)齊），makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn*thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseofnffandincreasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago/'Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,HsaidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?_A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.⑵Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?_A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.⑷WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivemunication.Bitcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisaplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.Passage2（2020全國(guó)^I卷*閱讀理解D篇）-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突變）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats；inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts[支柱）incoastalwaters.nTheyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.nWeweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea?In2015,Melissallardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.HItseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,“saidDr.llardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.⑴Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?_A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Significanceoffoodselection.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Offthecoast.D.Onthebeach.〔3〕WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?_A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.C.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.⑷Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetexts?_A.BodiesremodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders*SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers典例2：力量提升練★★★Passage1（2019全國(guó)UI卷*閱讀理解B篇）ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource（來(lái)源）ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHilhchiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediapanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion（時(shí)尚）shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics[美學(xué)）onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement.nOfcourse,onlyaretoday*stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.nVeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,naddsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.nThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,nshesays.nChinaisnolongerjustanothermarket；inmanysensesithasbeethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.nWhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?Altpromotedthesalesofartworks.B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.〔2〕WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingonHinparagraph4mean?_A.learningfrom.B.lookingdownon.C.workingwith.DpetingagainstWhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld.B.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork.C.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics.D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends.Passage2（2019全國(guó)III卷*閱讀理解B篇）Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtomunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbour1港口）atthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness[荒里予）.Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche[雪崩）onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasneverfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhade.Today,peoplestilleandgo一toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.〔1〕WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?_Itsbusinessculture.Itssmallpopulation.Itsgeographicalposition.Itsfavourableclimate.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B?Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C.Almosteveryonegaveup.D.Halfofthemdied.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?_A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D.Theywereshortoffood.⑷Whatisthetextmainlyabout?_A.Theriseandfallofacity.B?ThegoldrushinCanada.Journeysintothewilderness.TourisminDawson.典例3：力量挑戰(zhàn)****Passage1（2015湖南卷*閱讀理解B篇）Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horses,andcartsgotstuck.AnoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethisAmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,"No,thanks.Fvegotagoodhorseunderme.”Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage（排水）system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem：dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice：eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructureslikeTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews（螺旋千斤頂）beneaththebuilding*sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.〔1〕Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow.A.horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB?theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorousChicagowasverydangerousinthespringChicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddy〔2〕Theunderlinedword“hoist“inParagraph4means”changeliftC?repairD.decorate〔3〕ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto .A.buildthepipesabovegroundB?lowertheChicagoRiverC?fightagainstheavyfloodsD.getridofthestreetdirtThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago*s.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB?environmentaldisastersandtheircausesengineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionssuccessfulbusinessmenandtheirachievementsPassage2（2021全國(guó)甲卷*閱讀理解D篇）Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let*sstateclearly：Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewantt