代詞人稱代詞主格（做主語）：Iamhiscousin我是他的堂/表兄弟。（I）做賓語：Thosee那些人不信任我。me做表語：“Who’snocingatthedoor”“It’sme”“誰在敲門？”“是我。”me賓格知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)代詞物主代詞形容詞性做定語：Myfatherisay做主語：ThiscarisTom’sMineisoverthere這車是湯姆的，我的在那邊。Mine做賓語：He’safriendofmine他是我的一個朋友。mine做表語：Ithoughtthatboowasmime我原以為那本書是我的。mine名詞性代詞反身代詞動詞賓語：Hedevotedhimselftowriting他致力于寫作。反指he介詞賓語：Shemustbeproudofherself她一定為自己感到自豪。（反指she）主語同位語：Imyselfwillpresentthepries我將親自去頒獎。強(qiáng)調(diào)I賓語同位語：Isawtheladyherself我見過那個女士本人。強(qiáng)調(diào)thelady做同位語(強(qiáng)調(diào))習(xí)語byoneself獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立地：Shelivesbyherself她獨(dú)居。與she一致做賓語(反指)代詞不定代詞泛指：another另一個人或物；只接單數(shù)名詞，others別人，別物特指：Theother兩者中的另一個，theothers其余的人或物onetheother兩者中一個另一個sometheothers多者中一些其余的somesomeothers一些一些另一些“兩者”或“多者”both,all都；either，any任一；neither,none都不“另一”“別的”搭配代詞不定代詞Sheeemoneyinherdesdrawer她在書桌的抽屜里放了一些錢。望得到肯定回答：Canyougivemesomeadvice你可以給我一些建議嗎？邀請:Wouldyouliesomecaeorbiscuit你要吃點蛋糕還是餅干建議：Howabouthavingsomecoffee你要吃點蛋糕還是餅干反問：Aren’ttheresomestampsinthatdrawer那抽屜里不是有幾枚郵票嗎疑問句肯定句一些some代詞不定代詞否定句：IsuddenlyrealiedIcameoutwithoutanymoney我突然意識到，我錢沒帶就出來了。條件句：Givemesomeifthereareany如果有的話，給我一些。疑問句：Isthereanyadvantageingettingtheirearly早到那里有什么好處嗎一些anyif/whether從句：Iwonderwhetherthereisanydifficulty我不清楚是否有困難。任何，任一（可用于肯定句）：Hecanrepairanycars他可以修理任何汽車。代詞不定代詞修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞：few,afew,many修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞：little,alittle;much替代詞it,that,those,theone由some-,any-,every-,no-與-one,-body,-thing構(gòu)成“多”或“少”復(fù)合不定代詞代詞其他代詞疑問代詞：Iwhat,which,who,whom,whose→Whoinventedthesteamengine相互代詞：eachother,oneanother→learnfromeachother;helponeanother指示代詞：this,that,these,those,such,so→Suchisthesituationwearefacing這就是我們所面臨的情況。連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what詳見名詞性從句關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that詳見定語從句代詞形式主語：It’snouseshouting喊叫是沒有用的。形式賓語：Ifindhardtoconcentrate我覺得很難集中注意力。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：ItisMrLiwhooftenencouragesme是李老師經(jīng)常鼓勵我。時間：It’sthreeyearssinceIlastsawher我三年沒有見到她了。距離：It’s10milesfromheretomyoffice這里離我辦公室有10英里。環(huán)境：It'squietintheclassroom教室里很安靜。代詞It的用法代詞It的用法天氣：Itisraining在下雨。剛提到的事物（它）：Where’syourcarIt’sinthegarage你的車在哪里？在車庫。嬰兒或動物：Whatabeautifulbaby!Isitaboy多漂亮的孩子??！是男孩嗎？確認(rèn)身份：WhoisitthathascomeIt’sTom是誰來了？湯姆。代前面整句：You’vesavedmylife;I’llneverforgetit你救了我的命，我是不會忘記的。顧真題回一、語法填空12018全國Ⅰ卷Ifyouaretimeetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive_________atry作間接賓語，作賓語用代詞，代替前文的running，用it。當(dāng)然直接填running也可以。it/running22018全國Ⅲ卷WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind______theyalive作動詞find的賓語要用賓格，故填them。them32017全國Ⅱ卷However,therailwayquiclyonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing___everydayit作using的賓語，用賓格人稱代詞；指代前文中的therailway，用it。42016全國Ⅰ卷Onmyrecentvisit,Ihelonth-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby______itmother在名詞mother前作定語，用形容詞性物主代詞its，指前文中提到的“那個活躍的三個月大的雙胞胎的”母親。its52015全國Ⅰ卷Afewhoursearlier,I’dbeenathomeinHongong,with_____itchoingsmog在名詞短語choingsmog令人窒息的煙霧前作定語，用形容詞性物主代詞its，指“香港的”令人窒息的煙霧。its62016四川卷Bythattime,theotherforfoodHowever,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest在名詞mother前作定語，用形容詞性物主代詞its，指“theanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s_______I”作表語，用名詞性物主代詞，指mysuitcase。mineits二、短文改錯12018全國Ⅱ卷Asaid,IlovedtowatchcartoonsTheywouldsaytousthateswouldhelybrainStillIwasunwillingtoeswiththemsometimes由上下文可知，他們談話的對象是“我”而不是“我們”，前后指代須一致。me32017全國Ⅱ卷MrandMrshangallworinourschool因all是指三者或三者以上的人或事物，而MrandMrshang是兩個人，故改用both或把a(bǔ)ll去掉。both22018全國Ⅲ卷Ihaddonemyselfhomewor,butIwasshymy/the修飾名詞homewor，意為“我的作業(yè)”，表示特指，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞或定冠詞，故將myself改為my/the?；?2017全國Ⅲ卷WhenIlooatthisyself…Thisemanyhaemoriesofyourhighschooldays前文提到是“我”的照片，根據(jù)常識，該照片常常讓“我”回想起的應(yīng)是“我的”中學(xué)時代的美好記憶。即I,myself,me,my才人稱一致。my52016全國Ⅰ卷Myuncleistheownerofarestaurant…h(huán)ehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteadily前文說“我叔叔有一家飯店”，“他”希望的應(yīng)是“他的”生意業(yè)務(wù)穩(wěn)步增長，故改為his，才前后人稱一致。62016全國Ⅱ卷Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewand…我們?nèi)饴糜?，我們擴(kuò)大的是“我們的”視野，而不是“你們的”視野。改后we,our才一致。ourhis72015全國Ⅰ卷TheairwebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtierManyrareanimalsaredyingoutWemustfindwaystoent因為we…We…your人稱不一致。當(dāng)然your也可改為the。82016全國Ⅲ卷IthoughtIneweverythingandcouldmaedecisionsbyyourself因為I…I…yourself人稱不一致。ourmyself92013全國Ⅰ卷Hehadadeeselfaothersinoursmalltown,andhewasstrongandpowerful因反身代詞作動詞的賓語必須要與主語一致，而本句主語which指代的是前面整句話，但改為itself，與作者要表達(dá)的意思不符，“他的嗓音低沉，這使他與鎮(zhèn)上的其他人區(qū)分開來”，故改為him。him102012全國Ⅰ卷Iwasha。them112016全國Ⅲ卷Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp因whenever引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，既然是從句，必須有主語和謂語，而此處缺主語，應(yīng)增加人稱代詞；由前文的I…I…可知，加上I。I122015全國Ⅱ卷Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoissing…Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents因托尼看到的應(yīng)是“他的”父母親。前文有兩處hisparents，也是明顯的提示。his132012全國Ⅰ卷FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsi,Idestroyedeachofmytoy…Forawhile,enewtoysButbeforelong,theybegantoseewhatwashappening由前文的I和后文的me可知，給我買新玩具的應(yīng)是“我的”父母。my析考情分考情：自2014年以來13套高考題中，語法填空共考了7題，短文改錯考了10題，顯然，代詞是高頻考點。語法填空中，5道給了提示詞；3題是給出it，要求考生填入its；1題是給出I，要求考生填mine；2題是純空格題，要求考生填it。短文改錯重點考查考生辨別文中的人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞在人稱和數(shù)方面是否前后保持一致的能力，其次考查考生識別代詞漏用的能力。此外，還考查了反身代詞的使用特點。解法：1在語法填空中的純空格中，如果空格處是句子的主語和賓語，一定是填代詞。因為做主語或賓語的典型詞類就是名詞和代詞，而在純空格中是不要求考生根據(jù)上下文推斷來填名詞的，所以只能是填代詞；然后根據(jù)句意弄清指代對象，指代對象在上下文主要是上文中找，找到后填入空格看句意是否通順；最后根據(jù)指代內(nèi)容是人還是物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)等，填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)拇~。2如果語法填空中給出了代詞的基本形式，要根據(jù)要填的詞在句中的作用來判斷填哪種形式。作定語用形容詞性物主代詞，作主語用人稱代詞主格，作賓語和表語用賓格；同時注意，名詞性物主代詞也可作主語、賓語和表語，但意思不同，它相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞名詞”。3短文改錯主要根據(jù)句意邏輯來判斷代詞前后是否一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語感來判斷是否漏掉了代詞。練模擬操一、語法填空12018湖北黃岡Theteachertoldthemtohelyphone形容詞性物主代詞作定語。themselvesits32018河北唐山MountHuangshanisfamousfor____itfouruniquescenes:strangely-shabeingremovedbyturningthemintoimpressiveworsofart指代前面的histalent。itsit52018河北保定ThecaseofGeoffEdwardshasconfirmedanoldChinesesaying—itisnevertoooldtolearnManyaeachievements形容詞性物主代詞作定語。62018貴州遵義ChinaisintheeastofAsia____itneighborsinthelandmassaretwelvecountries,suchasRussia,IndiaandVietnam形容詞性物主代詞作定語。hisIts72018貴州貴陽Toourbasetandplaced___rightbesidehisdrinsandfood指代前面提到的oneofthebuttertarts。themselvesit92018廣東東莞Whenyoungaesthegenerationunique,______aninCambridgegavethesepeoplethecredittheytrulydeserved這里的itwas與后面的that一起構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。itthey112018福建龍巖AgrowingnumberofforeignershooteeconomicdeveloecountriesbyoreattentiontotheachievementsofChina形容詞性物主代詞作定語。122018福建福州AttheendoftheQingdynasty,afterclosedChinacameunderinfluencefromabroad,manyoldhutongslost_____theyformerneatarrangement形容詞性物主代詞作定語。theirtheir132018福建福州Andthehutongtodayisfadingintotheshadefor_______touristsandlocalusicandcultureformorethanfivedecadesMuchof_____mostcelebratedwordatesfromthe1960s,whenhissongsrecordedsocialunrest形容詞性物主代詞作定語。bothhis152018四川資陽Asaconsequence,___isnowonderthatChineseyounguchmoreaffectionforChristmasthanChina’sSpringFestival作形式主語，后面的從句是真正的主語。itisnowonderthat…意為“……是不足為奇的”。it162018福建泉州But“orderingbadly”isabiggeres,youfindthatthecombinationofflavors味道iswrongButitis_______you,andyouhavetodoyourbesttoeatit名詞性物主代詞作表語，指代yourfood。yours172018河北邢臺Obesityresearchershate___whenIsaythis,buttheirowndatashowsthatobesityisnotgoingtoillus根據(jù)“主語動詞常用lie,hateit從句”句型可知。182018河南洛陽___too14yearstobuildtheForbiddenCity此處的it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式。itIt192018廣東佛山I’msure,as_____IlifecontinueshereinBeijing,Iwillbesweentisbringingout形容詞性物主代詞作定語。202018廣州調(diào)研Microbescan’tsurviveon______theyown形容詞性物主代詞作定語。onone’sown意為“獨(dú)自alone，獨(dú)立withouthelp”。mytheir212018湖南懷化In_____heforties,hewastiredofhisvariousbusinessesandthrewhimselfintoBritishMensa,aclubforcleverymagainedownandcalmthemdown,buthadbeenresistedbymyselfbecauseIwasenjoying_______I由enjoyoneself玩得開心可知。hismyself232018廣東順德Asareemoreconfidentin___________theydaybyday在一個句子中，前后指同一人，后面的應(yīng)用反身代詞。themselvesothers252018福建莆田ButitisChineseovietonight,soIwasplanningtogoalone人稱代詞作賓語，指作者自己。theirme272018安徽蕪湖Then,Ihurriedlywenttomeetthissu指作者自己。282018安徽蕪湖___turnsoutthat“Getone’sfeetwet”isanAmericanslang俚語,withthemeaningofstartinglearningsomething作形式主語。myselfIt292018福建龍巖Theywillwish______other“MerryChristmas!”andechangeepoint作形式賓語。eachit二、短文改錯12018陜西榆林MymothergotlittleeducationandshedecidednottoletthesamethinghappentohergirlsTohisdelight,wethreesisterswenttocollegeandgotwell-educated這里指我的母親，故改為her。her22018山東棗莊Alltheanyways這里them指代句首的Allthe賓語和主語指同一個或同一批人，賓語用反身代詞。themyourself/yourselves42018湖南株洲D(zhuǎn)earChris,IlearnthatsomeeforbeingoverweightDon’tbesoworriedaboutyourfigure此處是給朋友Chris的信，別人嘲笑Chris因為他胖。指代Chris用you。you52018湖南衡陽Theresultofthematchhastaughtmethat,whatevertheoutcomeis,whatmattersisthatwehavetriedtheirbest根據(jù)一致原則，由主語we可知。our62018湖北重校I’llneverforgetthosedayswhenweenjoyedusinallindsofactivities當(dāng)賓語和主語指同一個或同一批人時，賓語必須用反身代詞。72018河北保定NowmyWheneverIseeitIwillfeelha指代。themourselves82018廣西桂林IhoetoChinaandtaealooatthismuseumwithourowneyes因為要與句子的主語一致，故用your。92018廣西防城港Inyourouchjunfood,whichmightbetoblameforthefatnessofchildren作者最后發(fā)表他的觀點，故用my。yourmy102018云南二檢Afriendofmerecommendedaswimmingmyhouse根據(jù)of的基本用法可知。112018廣東佛山Turningaround,IfounditwasLinda,thegirlIhadstayedwithherforsolongwhenIwasachild因with的賓語是指代thegirl的who或whom被省略了，故去掉her。mine122018貴州貴陽ShewastoldaboutthestoryofMulanbymygrandeintoChinesemarets,sothatwecandrinCoca-Colaandmanyanotherthings后面的things是復(fù)數(shù)，故用other。I指作者自己other142018福建莆田Weallliedthisactivitywhichgavemerelaationfromheavyschoolworandetrue,IhavetoldmeoverandoveragainthatI’llconcentratemoreonstudies當(dāng)賓語和主語指同一人時,賓語必須用反身代詞。usmyself162018山東煙臺Second,itiswellnownforit’sicatmoseetnewchallenges作定語要用形容詞性的物主代詞。172018黑龍江七臺河Isuggestthatyoushouldgiveusmoretoorechancestospea此處的which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。whichits182018山東壽光Asweallnowit,healthisveryimportanttousstudents該定語從句的賓語是as，故去掉it。192018河北張家口Itisaplaceeveryonewillfallinlovewithit因place后是定語從句，指代place的關(guān)系代詞that被省略了,所以with后的it是多余的,應(yīng)去掉。202018湖北省黃岡NowadaysinChina,eitherinthemorningorafterdinner,en,willgatherinsquarestodancetousicTherearemanyreasonsfortheirpopularity指“廣場舞的”流行，應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。its212018河南診調(diào)nowingthisishardtoliveinastrangecity222018河北唐山Lastsummer,Iwenttomyfriend’svillageandwatchedQinqiang,aindofoit作形式主語it這里的it指代Shani232018貴州安順Obviouslythecatcouldclimbuosphere指圖書館的氣氛，單數(shù)，故改為its。itsit指代thecat252018貴州貴陽IfIam,theticetcanbesentitto91ReminRoad被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞不能再接賓語。262018山西呂梁Beingimpatientwillpossiblywastealltheeffortthatwehaveputitin因為put的邏輯賓語是effort，語義重復(fù)。272018貴州遵義WhentheycametoSongDynasty,emoreandmoreeto是固定詞組，意為“當(dāng)提到……”。it282018山西孝義Ididn’tletthemdownImadethat由固定搭配maeit達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)，做到了,成功了可知。it292018廣東汕頭