LiningWords主講:王派英語RobertDoyounowhowtomaeaChristmascardYouneedtogetasheetofedrawingandwritedownyourwishes缺了上下文的適當連接詞，感覺怎樣？爽嗎？亦或覺得很累？DoyounowhowtomaeaChristmascard______,youneedtogetasheetof,youneedtocuttheedrawingandwritedownyourwishes有了連接詞，顯得條理清晰、緊湊FirstlySecondlyFinallyfirstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,inthebeginning,intheend,atlast,eventually,later,soonafter,etc一、Timesequencewords時間順序關(guān)聯(lián)詞語TheyshoworderofideasoractionsCommonepressionsinclude:TheyshowreasonsandresultsofdoingsomethingCommonepressionsthatshowcauseandeffectinclude:二、Causeandeffectwords因果關(guān)系詞語foronething,becauseof,owingto,dueto,so,thus,therefore,asaresult,asaconsequence,etcTheyarealsoimmoneamplesinclude:三、Contrastingwords對照關(guān)聯(lián)詞語however,incontrastto,nevertheless,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,while,but,incomparisonwith,etcTheyintroduceadditionalinformationCommonepressionsthatshowadditioninclude四、Additionwords附加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語:also,ontoething,aboveall,besides,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,lastbutnotleast,etcfirstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,now,intheend1TimesequencewordsFilltheblanswiththeboabove五、QUIDoyounowhowtoplantatreeFilltheblanswithproperwords______,weneedtodigaholeandstandasticinit_________,weneedtoputtheyoungplantintotheholeandtietheplanttothestic_______,weneedtoputtheearthbacintheholeandwatertheareaFirstlySecondlyFinallyReoneyforthehungrypeopleItrained________,theconcertwaspostponed

foronething,because,therefore,asaresultofforonethingTherefore2Causeandeffectwords3ContrastingwordsManyinthedeveloallovertheworldbut,incontrastto,onthecontrary,whileOnthecontrary4Additionwordsinadditionto,besides,aboveall,lastbutnotleastOurorganiationisworingtoraisemoneyforthehomelessshelters_______,wearecollectingclothingtothoseinneedBesides1Liningwordsusedtodrawaconclusion,suchastoconclude,onthewhole,inconclusion,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inaword,etcegToconclude,youshouldeat healthilyandeerciseifyouwantto befit六、HerearesomemoreliningwordsMysonhasagoodjobMydaughterhasagoodjobInbrief,mywifeandIdonothavetosufinanciallyanylonger2Liningwordsusedtogiveaneamming,running,andtennis teams

3Liningwordsthatshowchoicessuchaseither…or…,neither…nor…,not…but…,ratherthan,insteadof,etcegTheheadmasterratherthantheteachersasedthestudentstodosoItwasnotwhattheysaidbutthewaytheytaledthatmademesoangry七、作業(yè)1RewritethefollowingsentenceswiththeliningwordsHeisveryyoungHenowsalot---Though/Althoughheisveryyoung,henowsalot---Heisveryyoung,buthenowsalot

2LilyliesplayingvolleyballSusanliesplayingtabletennis---Lilyliesplayingvolleyball,whileSusanliesplayingtabletennis---LilyliesplayingvolleyballHowever,Susanliesplayingtabletennis3ItrainedheavilyTheseetingwaseetingwaseetingwaseetingwasputoff4Henryaewhereclosertohome---Henryaewhereclosertohome作業(yè)2Writeapassage‘LivingInTheCity’usingproperliningwordsaccordingtothechartbelowAdvantagesDisadvantages找工作容易生活消費高交通便利人口多,擁擠有公園、飯店等休閑場所空氣污染、居住環(huán)境差Samanychoicesofuseums,gotocinemasandgotoparswheneveryouwanttorelaHowever,livinginacityisoftenveryeustfindawell-ore,thecityisalwayscrowded,noisyanddirtyItisverydifficulttofindagoodplacewherepeoplecanenjoypeaceandfreshairasinthecountryside八、Liningwordsareimfromtoday!寫作常用銜接詞或稱為邏輯關(guān)系語1、根據(jù)銜接詞本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分為以下四類，即“起”、“承”、“轉(zhuǎn)”、“合”。1表示“起”的詞/詞組：用于開篇引出擴展句。atfirst最初foronething…（foranother）首先…（其次）…atpresent現(xiàn)在；當今recently最近ingeneral一般說來oneonehand一方面;ontheotherhand（另一方面）lately最近 currently目前；最后inthebeginning起初tobeginwith/firstofall/tostartwith/inthefirstplaceFirstly首先；第一generallyspeaing一般地說onthewhole總起來說presently現(xiàn)在；此刻2有關(guān)“承”的常用詞語：用來承接上文。after/afterthat/afterwards此后bythistime此時afterafewdays幾天以后afterawhile過了一會兒therefore因此；結(jié)果also/too并且；又foreametime同時forthisore/inadditionto/moreover而且；此外inotherwords換句話說inthesameway同樣地suchas正如obviously明顯地 certainly無疑地；當然地fromnowon從此second（ly）第二；第二點third/thirdly第三；第三點similarly同樣地ineanwhile與此同時foranother其次nodoubt無疑地truly/infact事實上；真實地particularly特別地unlie…不像……；和……不同3有關(guān)“轉(zhuǎn)”的常用詞語：用來表示不同或相反的意見。afterall畢竟however然而；無論如何insetime同時；然而bythistime此時onthecontrary相反地eventhough即使otherwise否則unfortunately不幸地 fortunately/lucily幸運地allthesame依然；照樣anyway無論如何though/although盡管nodoubt無疑地in/bycontrast對比之下asamatteroffact事實上yet仍；然而；但是especially特別地4有關(guān)“合”的常用詞語：用于小結(jié)上文或結(jié)束本段落的內(nèi)容。aboveall最重要的是asaresult結(jié)果insum總之，簡而言之a(chǎn)shasbeennoted如前所述accordingly于是insummary/inbrief/inshort簡言之tospeafranly坦白地說bydoingso如此eventually最后nodoubt/undoubtedly/certainly無疑 asIhavesaid如我所述onthewhole總體來說；整個看來atlast最后byandlarge一般說來thus因此briefly簡單扼要地tosumup/toconclude總而言之inconclusion總之，最后inaword/allinall總之obviously顯然根據(jù)銜接詞本身的意思和文章連接所需要的邏輯意義，可分為以下14類。1表示因果關(guān)系asaresult:Heneverstudiedhard,andasaresulthefailedinthelasteaminationasaresultof:HeislateforworasaresultofthetrafficaccidentAccordingly:HewantedtobuyaradioforstudyEnglish,andaccordinglyhermotherboughtitforhimBecauseof:Wearedelayedbecauseofatrafficjamdueto:Hissuccessisduetohisecellentworowingto:Owingtohisabsence,ourmeetingisnotheldthansto:Thanstoagoodteacher,sheinationnowthat:Nowthatyouhavegrownuustearnforyourselfsolongas:YoucouldrealieyourdreamsolongasyoutryitagainandagainSince:Sinceyouareherenow,you’dbettergiveahandinthat:ThefulinthatitmayencourageTherefore:Thereisacalculatingmistaesthere,therefore,theansweriswrong2表示解釋關(guān)系asamatteroffact:Iwillgotherethismorning,asamatteroffact,Itisonly10minutes’drivefromhereaswell:IwillgothereMyfriendwillgowithmeaswellfranlysnotverysatisfactorywithyourwordsinthiscase:Inthiscase,Iwillgothereassoonasustcarrythisaeagreatdifference4表示遞進關(guān)系Besides/Inaddition:First,wemustworhardBesides,wemustworwithacreativemindandmoreover:Thehatistherightsieforyou,andmoreover,itgoeswellwithyoursinthatistosay:Thestoclosingmoneyinotherwords:Iamnothungry,inotherwords,IreallydisliethefoodinthiscanteenequallyimorenewsfromnewstheradioWhat’smore:Itisharmfultomyhealth,andwhat’smore,itisnogoodtomyworlastbutnotleast:Lastbutbotleast,mythansshouldgotoeverymemberofmyclass5表示比較關(guān)系Equally:Asateacher,Ishouldteachwell,butequally,Ishouldstudywellinthesameway:Itissuchacoincidencethatwefigureitoutinthesamewayincontrastto:Incontrasttoyourbelief,IquitedisagreewithyouInstead:Ifyoudon’tgo,I’llgoinsteadonthecontrary:YouthoughtIlieitOnthecontrary,Idislieitincontrast:Itishotinthedaytime,butincontrastit’sverycoldatnightWhile:WearehaostAfricansliveunhappily6表示選擇關(guān)系either…or:EitheryouorIwillgothereratherthan:Inthismatter,theeornotthisafternoonneither…nor:NeitheryounorIwillgothereHewillcomethisafternoon7表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系Desdesetime:Thelittleidbringstroubles,butatthesametimeyoucan’theleventhough:Eventhoughsheislate,shewalsslowHowever:Iynormalworinseinsteadonthecontrary:IusedtothinthattheresultwillbegoodOnthecontrary,itturnsouttobebadStill:It’srainingcatsanddogsoutside;still,IwillvisithimThough:IwillvisithimthoughitisrainingthereWhile:SadnessisbeautifulwhilelonelinessistragicalYet:Heissentimentalsometimes,yetIstillliehim8表示總結(jié)關(guān)系allinallAllinall,wemustcoatterinconclusionInconclusion,thefirstouchmorereasonablethanthelatterideainsummaryInsummary,wecannotfullybelievewhatweheardfromotherstosumuuonthewholeOnthewhole,thebooisetremelyvaluableinallInall,it’sgreattobeafatherinshortInshort,actionsssIns,IbelieveitwillwortosummarieTosummarie,sparetherod,spoilthechildren9表示次序關(guān)系aboveallAboveall,remembertocallmewhenyouarriveAfterwardsWeentofthetastoconcludeToconclude,lifeisnotabattleifyouwanttobeanormalmanLastlyLastly,ImustsayitwillberememberedbypeoplearoundtheworldintheendIntheend,theypartedeachotheratthecrossroad6表示總結(jié)關(guān)系allinallAllinall,wemustcoesthatistosayLet’sgobactotheoriginaleuntilnowwhenIusedtolistentotheradiowhenIwasyoung十一、寫作相關(guān)過渡語1表示時間順序:first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later，firstofall,finally,atlast…2表示空間順序:near,netto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,ononeside…3表示比較、對照:lie,unlie,suchas,but,however,