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102/2023-14September2023
Secondquarterof2023
Euroareajobvacancyrateat3.0%
EUrateat2.7%
Inthesecondquarterof2023,thejobvacancyratewas3.0%intheeuroarea,downfrom3.1%inthepreviousquarterand3.2%inthesecondquarterof2022,accordingtofigurespublishedbyEurostat,thestatisticalofficeoftheEuropeanUnion.ThejobvacancyrateintheEUwas2.7%inthesecondquarterof2023,downfrom2.8%inthepreviousquarterandfrom3.0%inthesecondquarterof2022.
Intheeuroarea,thejobvacancyrateinthesecondquarterof2023was2.6%inindustryandconstructionand3.3%inservices.IntheEU,theratewas2.4%inindustryandconstructionand3.0%inservices.
MemberStates
AmongtheMemberStatesforwhichcomparabledataareavailable(seecountrynotes),thehighestjobvacancyratesinthesecondquarterof2023wererecordedintheNetherlands(4.7%),Belgium(4.6%),andAustria(4.4%).Bycontrast,thelowestrateswereobservedinBulgariaandRomania(0.8%inbothofthem),SpainandPoland(0.9%inbothofthem)andSlovakia(1.0%).
Comparedwiththesamequarterofthepreviousyear,thejobvacancyrateincreasedinfourMemberStates,remainedstableinfourMemberStatesanddecreasedinnineteenMemberStates.TheincreaseswereobservedinGreece(+0.4pp),Cyprus(+0.2pp),PortugalandItaly(both+0.1pp).ThelargestdecreaseswererecordedinCzechia(-1.2pp),Denmark,LuxembourgandFinland(-0.8ppinallofthem).
Breakdownbyeconomicactivity
ThefigurebelowpresentsthejobvacancyratesoftheEUandtheeuroareabyeconomicactivity,inthesecondquarterof2023.Dataaredisplayedforthebusinesseconomy,forwhichdataareavailablefromallEUcountries.Thehighestjobvacancyrates,forboththeEUandtheeuroarea,wererecordedinSectionN:"Administrativeandsupportserviceactivities"thatincludestemporaryemploymentagencies(4.5%intheeuroarea,4.3%intheEU)followedbySectionM:"Professional,scientificandtechnicalactivities"(4.0%intheeuroarea,3.7%intheEU),SectionF:"Construction"(4.0%intheeuroarea,3.6%intheEU),SectionI:"Accommodationandfoodserviceactivities"(3.9%intheeuroarea,3.7%intheEU)andSectionJ:"Informationandcommunication"(3.4%intheeuroarea,3.1%intheEU).
Geographicalinformation
Euroarea(EA20):Belgium,Germany,Estonia,Ireland,Greece,Spain,France,Croatia,Italy,Cyprus,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,theNetherlands,Austria,Portugal,Slovenia,SlovakiaandFinland.
EuropeanUnion(EU27):Belgium,Bulgaria,Czechia,Denmark,Germany,Estonia,Ireland,Greece,Spain,France,Croatia,Italy,Cyprus,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Hungary,Malta,theNetherlands,Austria,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovenia,Slovakia,FinlandandSweden.
Methodsanddefinitions
Thejobvacancyrate(JVR)measurestheproportionoftotalpoststhatarevacant,expressedasapercentage:JVR=(numberofjobvacancies)/(numberofoccupiedposts+numberofjobvacancies).
Ajobvacancyisdefinedasapaidpost(newlycreated,unoccupiedorabouttobecomevacant)forwhichtheemployeristakingactivestepstofindasuitablecandidatefromoutsidetheenterpriseconcernedandispreparedtotakemorestepsandwhichtheemployerintendstofilleitherimmediatelyorinthenearfuture.Underthisdefinition,ajobvacancyshouldbeopentocandidatesfromoutsideanenterprise.However,thisdoesnotexcludethepossibilityoftheemployerrecruitinganinternalcandidateforthepost.Avacantpostthatisopenonlytointernalcandidatesshouldnotbetreatedasajobvacancy.Anoccupiedpostisapaidpostwithinanorganisationtowhichanemployeehasbeenassigned.
JobvacancyratescoverNACERev.2sectionsBtoS.Thisaggregateisreferredtoas“Wholeeconomy”forthesakeofsimplification,evenifsectionsA:‘Agriculture,forestryandfishing’,T:‘Activitiesofhouseholdsasemployers;undifferentiatedgoodsandservicesproducingactivitiesofhouseholdsforownuse’andU:‘Activitiesofextraterritorialorganisationsandbodies’areexcluded.SectionsBtoSincludetheindustry(BtoE),construction(F)andservices(GtoN)sectorstogetherwith(mainly)non-marketservices(OtoS).
ThejobvacancyratesfortheEUandeuroareaaggregatesarebasedonMemberStatesdata,includingestimatesforrecentperiodswhenvaluesarenotyetavailable.Ifnationaldataareonlyavailableforasub-population,forexampleexcludingsmallerunitsorsomeactivities,thissub-populationisusedinthecomputationofthejobvacancyratefortheaggregates.
Countrynotes:
Denmark,FranceandItaly:dataarenotstrictlycomparable.InDenmark,onlyunitswithinthebusinesseconomy(NACERev2sectionsBtoN)aresurveyed.InFrance,onlybusinessunitswith10employeesormorearesurveyed.Moreover,inthecaseofpublicadministration,educationandhumanhealth(NACERev.2sectionsO,PandQ),publicinstitutionsarenotcoveredinFranceandItaly.
Revisionsandtimetable
ComparedwiththeratespublishedinNewsRelease
68/2023
of15June2023,thejobvacancyrateforthefirstquarterof2023hasbeenrevisedfrom3.0%to3.1%intheeuroareaandremainedunchangedintheEU.
Formoreinformation
Eurostat
websitesection
onjobvacancystatistics
Eurostat
databasesection
onjobvacancystatistics
Eurostat
StatisticsExplainedarticle
onjobvacancystatistics
EurostatEuroindicatorsdashboard
Eurostat€-indicators
releasecalendar
EuropeanStatistics
CodeofPractice
Forfurtherinformationondata:
JavierALCANTARAORTEGA
Tel:+352-4301-35183
javier.alcantara@ec.europa.eu
BeateCZECH
Tel:+352-4301-35407
beate.czech@ec.europa.eu
Mediarequests:
eurostat-mediasupport@ec.europa.eu
/Tel:+352-4301-33408
@EU_Eurostat
@
EurostatStatistics
@
EU_Eurostat
園
@Eurostat
ec.europa.eu/eurostat
eurostat■
Jobvacancyrates-wholeeconomy(%)
-notseasonallyadjusted-
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
Euroarea
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
EU
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
Belgium
5.0
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.6
Bulgaria
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
Czechia
4.9
4.5
4.2
3.8
3.7
Germany
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.1
Estonia
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.8
Ireland
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.3
Greece
1.2
1.1
0.9
1.5
1.6
Spain
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Croatia
1.7
1.2
1.4
2.1
1.7
Cyprus
2.7
2.2
1.9
2.8
2.9
Latvia
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.8
Lithuania
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.9
2.0
Luxembourg
2.7
2.7
2.4
2.2
1.9
Hungary
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.6
2.5
Malta
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.6
2.7
Netherlands
5.1
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.7
Austria
4.8
5.0
4.6
4.7
4.4
Poland
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.9
0.9
Portugal
1.4
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.5
Romania
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
Slovenia
3.3
3.1
2.5
3.0
2.9
Slovakia
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.0
Finland
3.0
2.5
2.0
3.3
2.2
Sweden
3.6
2.7
2.6
3.7
3.2
Iceland
5.3
3.7
2.6
3.5
2.4
Norway
3.8
3.1
3.4
4.3
4.1
Switzerland
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.2
Jobvacancyrates-restrictedcoverage*(%)
-notseasonallyadjusted-
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
Denmark
3.7
3.4
3.0
2.8
2.9
France
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.3
Italy
2.3
2.1
1.9
2.6
2.4
*see"countrynotes"underMethodsanddefinitions
Sourcedataset:
jvsqnace2
Jobvacancyratesbymaineconomicactivitybranches(%)
-notseasonallyadjusted-
Industryandconstruction
(NACERev.2sectionBtoF)
Services
(NACERev.2sectionGtoN)
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
Euroarea
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
EU
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
Belgium
4.7
5.0
4.2
4.5
4.4
6.6
6.4
5.9
6.0
6.0
Bulgaria
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
Czechia
6.0
5.5
5.2
4.7
4.5
6.5
5.8
5.4
4.9
4.7
Denmark
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.6
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.9
3.0
Germany
4.1
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.5
5.5
5.3
5.2
4.8
4.7
Estonia
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.0
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
Ireland
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
0.8
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.1
Greece
0.7
3.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
2.1
0.6
0.9
2.3
2.3
Spain
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
Croatia
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.7
1.6
1.8
0.8
1.0
2.2
1.6
Italy
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.8
2.9
2.4
Cyprus
1.8
1.3
1.2
2.2
1.6
3.5
2.8
2.1
3.5
3.8
Latvia
3.3
3.2
2.5
2.9
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.1
2.1
2.4
Lithuania
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.1
Luxembourg
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.1
2.7
Hungary
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.3
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.3
Malta
3.2
2.8
2.6
2.3
2.6
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.1
Netherlands
5.6
5.3
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.8
5.4
4.9
5.1
5.1
Austria
4.9
5.2
4.3
4.8
4.0
6.2
6.4
6.0
6.0
5.7
Poland
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
Portugal
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
2.2
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.4
Romania
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
Slovenia
3.8
3.5
2.8
3.7
3.1
4.2
3.8
3.1
3.8
3.6
Slovakia
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
Finland
1.7
2.1
1.5
2.2
1.2
3.8
3.0
2.6
4.1
2.7
Sweden
2.9
2.6
2.2
2.9
2.5
4.0
3.3
2.8
3.6
3.2
Iceland
5.0
6.0
3.7
4.0
4.2
8.6
4.7
3.8
4.8
2.9
Norway
2.9
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.4
4.6
3.6
4.0
5.6
4.8
Switzerland
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.3
Jobvacancyratesbymaineconomicactivitybranches(%)-restrictedcoverage*-notseasonallyadjusted-
Industryandconstruction
(NACERev.2sectionBtoF)
Services
(NACERev.2sectionGtoN)
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
France
2.3
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.1
*see"countrynotes"underMethodsanddefinitions
Sourcedataset:
jvsqnace2
JobvacancyratesbyNACERev.2sections(%)
-notseasonallyadjusted-
Euroarea
EU
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
2022Q2
2022Q3
2022Q4
2023Q1
2023Q2
B:Miningandquarrying
1.5
1.6
1
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