單元語法歸納與練習現(xiàn)在完成時(三)一、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的延續(xù)性用法現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài),通常和表示一段時間的狀語連用。inthepastfiftyyears,duringthisweek,sincetenyearsago,foralongtime,sofar

等。此時,句子中要用某些帶有延續(xù)意義的動詞。HehaslivedinAmericasince1976.

自從1976年以來他就住在美國。WehavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.

我們學習英語已經(jīng)有六年了。

Duringthepastfewyears,therehavebeengreatchangesinChina.

在過去的幾年里,中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。二、延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞1.延續(xù)性動詞表示行為或過程能持久繼續(xù)下去或能產(chǎn)生持久的影響,可以和“一段時間”連用。常見的延續(xù)性動詞有:work,keep,have,live,stay

等。2.非延續(xù)性動詞又稱終止性動詞,這類動詞表示行為或過程是短暫的或瞬時完成

結(jié)束。常見的非延續(xù)性動詞有:open,die,close,come,go,move,borrow,buy,

arrive,leave,join,kill,lend,reach

等。它們不能和“一段時間”連用。3.在現(xiàn)在完成時中,如要將終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞,可作如下變化(1)由動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為be+adj/adv.結(jié)構(gòu):

leave→be

away(from)

begin/start→beon

finish/end→beover

die→bedead

come/go/getto/arrivein/at/reach→be(in)

fallasleep→beasleep

marry→bemarried

open→beopen

close→beclosed

sitdown→beseated

getup→beup(2)borrow→keep

buy→haveputon→wear

moveto→livein

become→be

catchacold→haveacold

gettoknow→know

join→beamemberof/bein【溫馨提示】

在否定句中,非延續(xù)性動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.我好久沒見到他了。單項選擇()1.Ihavehadthepen

twodays

mymomboughtit.

A.for;for

B.since;for

C.for;since

D.since;since()2.—Whendidyoujointheclub?

mymonboughtit.

A.joined

B.havejoined

C.becameamember

D.havebeenamemberCD()3.—YouspeakEnglishsowell!—Thankyou.I

itforsixyears.

A.havelearned B.learn

C.learned

D.waslearning()4.—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?

—Heisgreat.We

friendssincethreeyearsago.

A.were

B.havemade

C.havebeen D.havebecome()5.—Wheredoyoulive,LinTao?

—IliveinBeijingnow.I

herefortenyears.(2018湘西)

A.moved

B.havemoved

C.havebeenACC()6.—Doyoustillplaybasketball?—Oh,no.I

itforthepasttwoyears.(2018武漢)

A.haven’tplayed B.didn’tplay

C.won’tplay D.hadn’tplayed()7.—Howlonghaveyouknownhim?

—

hewasalittleboy.

A.For

B.Since

C.Until

D.When()8.Millie

inthisfactorysince1990.(2018梧州)

A.works

B.worked

C.hasworked D.haveworkedABC()9.—Isthisyourcamera?—Yes,I

itfortwoweeks.

A.bought

B.had

C.havehad D.havebought()10.—WhenwillABiteofChinaⅢbegintonight