#高一英語語法總復習定語從句一、定語從句的基本概念由關系代詞或副詞引導一個句子來修飾一個名詞、代詞亦或一個句子的從句被稱之為定語從句（又稱形容詞性從句），是跟名詞性從句以及狀語從句（又稱副詞性從句）相齊名的三大從句之一。定語從句的要素一是先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞，亦或是一個句子；二是關系詞：引導定語從句的詞，又分成關系代詞和關系副詞；三是關系詞在定語從句中所要充當?shù)某浞郑宏P系代詞在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語；關系副詞在從句中只可以充當狀語。GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedaboutforalongtime.Thenewswillbemostwelcometothosejobsarepoorlypaid.Thetownwevisitedlastweekistheonethefamouspainterwasborn.IoftenthinkofthedaysIstayedwithyou,hashadagreateffectonmylife.ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.定語從句的種類限制性定語從句：從句對其所修飾的先行詞起限制作用，若沒有了這個從句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思發(fā)生改變，故主從句之間不用逗號隔開。Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.非限制性定語從句：從句對其所修飾的先行詞補充說明，若沒有這個從句，句意相對完整，故主從句之間往往用逗號隔開。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,wehadn'texpected.二、關系代（副）詞的基本用法1.關系代詞的用法關系代詞先行詞在從句中所做成分who指人主語、表語或賓語whom指人賓語，特別注意作介詞的賓語whose指人或指物定語that指人、指物或事情主語、表語或賓語as指人或指主句內容主語、表語或賓語which指物或事情、指主句內容主語、表語或賓語Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.ThereportMrSmithhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wasverykindofhim.Thegirllegswasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentothehospitalimmediately.___isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30years.關系代詞的用法注意點（1）定語從句中，只能用關系代詞that的情況先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時Nowallisurgentlyneededismoneyandhands.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時Weheardclearlyeverywordhesaid.③先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時ThisisthemostinterestingstorybookthatIhaveeverread.④先行詞既指人又指物時Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesimpressedhermost.⑤先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame等修飾時He'stheonlyboyinourtownenterstheBeijingUniversity.⑥句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復時Whoisthegirldrovethecar?（2）定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that的情況▲在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人，不能用that;Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,madehisfatherveryangry.HefeelshonoredtoworkwithMrLi,hasagoodreputationinthebusiness.▲在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人，不能用that;Thehouseinweliveisverylarge.AdoctorwithJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEducator.▲先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時常常用who;Godhelpthosehelpthemselves.▲有兩個定語從句時，為了避免重復，一個用了that,另外一個則用which或who。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywasnewlyopentous.關系副詞的用法關系副詞先行詞在從句中所做成分when時間狀語where地點狀語why原因狀語關系副詞的用法注意點（1）?where引導的定語從句關系副詞where引導定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作地點狀語,其修飾的名詞必須是表示（具體或抽象的）地點的名詞。特別注意下面這些表示地點的抽象名詞：atmosphere（氛圍），case（情況）,situation（情況，形勢），point（地點；階段），stage（舞臺；階段）,position（位置）等。例：WealladmireandrespectourEnglishteacherbecauseshehasagiftforcreatinganatmospherewecancommunicatefreelywitheachother.（2）when引導的定語從句關系副詞when引導定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作時間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時間的名詞。但是有些名詞不是一眼就能看出是表示時間的，要經(jīng)過認真分析才能確定。例：SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChinaandanoccasionallfamilymembersgettogether，justlikeChristmasintheWest.⑶Thereasonwhy（定語從句）???isthat（表語從句）為什么的原因是Thereasonherefusedtoattendthemeetingwastheydidn'tsenthimaninvitationearlier.★注意區(qū)分?關系代詞和關系副詞的區(qū)別選用關系代詞還是關系副詞來引導定語從句，要看定語從句缺什么成分。如果缺主語、賓語或定語,就用關系代詞(who.that,which,whose,whom,as等)，如果缺狀語,就用關系副詞(when,where,why)ThemountainvillageIstayedforanightlastyearhastakenonanewlook.ThemountainvillageIvisitedlastyearhastakenonanewlook.IwillneverforgetthedaysIspentinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.IwillneverforgetthedaysIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.Thereasonheexplainedforhisbeinglatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.Thereasonhewaslatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.as和which指代主句的內容時所引導的定語從句的區(qū)別如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中間，那么用as；而which引導的從句一般放在主句后，并無“正如”的意思。Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.theway做先行詞時，定語從句可以用that或inwhich引導或是省略Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.三、選用關系詞的方法：一“找”二“還”三“替換”找：就是找出主句、從句、先行詞和關系詞還：根據(jù)先行詞提供的意思，大膽地把定語從句還原為完整的一句話，(可以添詞)替換：用關系詞替換關系詞還原后的部分，做主語和賓語用關系代詞，做狀語用關系副詞(時間狀語用when，地點狀語用where,原因狀語用why)練習：利用一“找”二“還”三“替換”的方法選擇正確的關系詞填空。Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Isthisthereasonhewassocarelessinhiswork?Inanhour,wetraveltoplacescouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.TheplacehehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren'sPalace.I'llneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.Theoldtemple,roofwasdamagedinstorm,isnowunderrepair.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentsallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,arebeyondourcontrol.Christmasistheonlytimeoftheyear,menandwomenopentheirheartsfreelyandthinkofotherpeople.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allofshespokefluently.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeoneelse'sfault.Thedoctordidallhecouldtosavethewoundedboy.Thereisnodifficultycan'tbeovercomeintheworld.ThemostimportantthingweshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthingIhavesaid.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestoneIhavewatchedthisyear.ThisistheveryfilmI'velongwishedtosee.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnightAllthepassengersandsuitcaseswerestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.Thoselearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.Weliveinanagepeoplecancommunicatemoreeasilythaneverbefore.InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。ACulturalheritageisimportantbecauseithelpspeopleconnectwithothers1.havesimilarbackgroundsandprovidesasenseofunity(團結)andbelonging(歸屬).Twotypesofculturalheritage2.(protect)throughouttheworldnow:tangible(物質的，有形的)culturalheritageandintangible(非物質的，無形的)culturalheritage.Inordertounderstandculturalheritage,apersonmustseethevalueinit.Whenpeoplevalueit,theybegantocareaboutitandenjoy3.(they)culturalheritage.Oncetheyenjoyit,theheritagebecomesmuch4.(easy)tounderstand.Thiscycleiscalledtheheritagecycle,5.canhelppeopleunderstandculturesthatarehundredsoreventhousandsyearsold.People6.(live)inlargecitiesoftenfindcomfortinsearchingforculturalheritage.Intheareas7.itiseasytofeellonely,seekingoutotherswhohavethesameheritageprovidesfriendshipbasedoncommonground.8.(tradition)thoughttobeoutdated(過時的)oftenhavemoremeaningwhensharedwithothers.Bylearningwhereapersoncomesfromandwhatisimportant9.theirculture,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons.Thenastheyteachittoyoungergenerations,theyhelptomakesuretheculture10.(last)foryearstocome.BThe1.(erupt)ofMountVesuviusin79C.E.tookthepeopleofPompeiibysurprise.Theyhadalwaysknownthatthemountainwasavolcanobutithadbeenquietforsolongnobodysawitasathreat.3.thevolcanofinallydiderupt,itwassoquickandsoseverethatthetownwassooncoveredinlavaandash.Awriterwhowasthereduringtheeruption4.(describe)howlavawasthrownintotheairlikeafountain.Afteritfelltoearth,itturned5.waveoflavathattravelleddownthemountain6.(fast)thanpeoplecouldrunaway.Itwas7.absolutedisasterforthose8.couldnotescapeintime.Manyofthewoodenhousesandbungalows(平房)inPompeiiwereburnedtotheground,9.thestonehousesremainedundertheashuntilthey10.(rediscover)duringthe20thcentury.答案版：一、定語從句的基本概念由關系代詞或副詞引導一個句子來修飾一個名詞、代詞亦或一個句子的從句被稱之為定語從句（又稱形容詞性從句），是跟名詞性從句以及狀語從句（又稱副詞性從句）相齊名的三大從句之一。定語從句的要素一是先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞，亦或是一個句子；二是關系詞：引導定語從句的詞，又分成關系代詞和關系副詞；三是關系詞在定語從句中所要充當?shù)某浞郑宏P系代詞在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語；關系副詞在從句中只可以充當狀語。Guncontrolisasubjectwhich/thatAmericanshavearguedaboutforalongtime.Thenewswillbemostwelcometothosewhosejobsarepoorlypaid.Thetownwhich/thatwevisitedlastweekistheonewherethefamouspainterwasborn.IoftenthinkofthedayswhenIstayedwithyou,whichhashadagreateffectonmylife.Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.定語從句的種類限制性定語從句：從句對其所修飾的先行詞起限制作用，若沒有了這個從句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思發(fā)生改變，故主從句之間不用逗號隔開。Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwhich/thatwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.非限制性定語從句：從句對其所修飾的先行詞補充說明，若沒有這個從句，句意相對完整，故主從句之間往往用逗號隔開。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn'expected.二、關系代（副）詞的基本用法1.關系代詞的用法關系代詞先行詞在從句中所做成分who指人主語、表語或賓語whom指人賓語，特別注意作介詞的賓語whose指人或指物定語that指人、指物或事情主語、表語或賓語as指人或指主句內容主語、表語或賓語which指物或事情、指主句內容主語、表語或賓語Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswho/thathadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.Thereportwhich/thatMrSmithhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,whichwasverykindofhim.Thegirlwhoselegswasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentothehospitalimmediately.Asisknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30years.關系代詞的用法注意點（1）定語從句中，只能用關系代詞that的情況①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時Nowallthatisurgentlyneededismoneyandhands.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時ThisisthemostinterestingstorybookthatIhaveeverread.先行詞既指人又指物時Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame等修飾時He'stheonlyboyinourtownthatenterstheBeijingUniversity.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復時Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?（2）定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that的情況▲在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人，不能用that;Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.HefeelshonoredtoworkwithMrLi,whohasagoodreputationinthebusiness.▲在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人，不能用that;Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEducator.▲先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時常常用who;Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.▲有兩個定語從句時，為了避免重復，一個用了that,另外一個則用which或who。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.3.關系副詞的用法關系副詞先行詞在從句中所做成分when時間狀語where地點狀語why原因狀語關系副詞的用法注意點（1）?where引導的定語從句關系副詞where引導定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作地點狀語,其修飾的名詞必須是表示（具體或抽象的）地點的名詞。特別注意下面這些表示地點的抽象名詞：atmosphere（氛圍），case（情況），situation（情況，形勢），point（地點；階段），stage（舞臺；階段），position（位置）等。例：WealladmireandrespectourEnglishteacherbecauseshehasagiftforcreatinganatmospherewherewecancommunicatefreelywitheachother.⑵when引導的定語從句關系副詞when引導定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作時間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時間的名詞。但是有些名詞不是一眼就能看出是表示時間的，要經(jīng)過認真分析才能確定。例:SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChinaandanoccasionwhenallfamilymembersgettogether，justlikeChristmasintheWest.⑷Thereasonwhy（定語從句）???isthat（表語從句）為什么的原因是Thereasonwhyherefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn'tsenthimaninvitationearlier.★注意區(qū)分?關系代詞和關系副詞的區(qū)別選用關系代詞還是關系副詞來引導定語從句，要看定語從句缺什么成分。如果缺主語、賓語或定語,就用關系代詞(who.that,which,whose,whom,as等)，如果缺狀語,就用關系副詞(when,where,why)ThemountainvillagewhereIstayedforanightlastyearhastakenonanewlook.Themountainvillagewhich/thatIvisitedlastyearhastakenonanewlook.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.Thereasonwhich/thatheexplainedforhisbeinglatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.as和which指代主句的內容時所引導的定語從句的區(qū)別如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中間，那么用as；而which引導的從句一般放在主句后，并無“正如”的意思。Alotoflanguagelearning,ashasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,whichisastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.theway做先行詞時，定語從句可以用that或inwhich引導或是省略Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewaythat/inwhich/不填hesaidit.四、選用關系詞的方法：一“找”二“還”三“替換”找：就是找出主句、從句、先行詞和關系詞還：根據(jù)先行詞提供的意思，大膽地把定語從句還原為完整的一句話，(可以添詞)替換：用關系詞替換關系詞還原后的部分，做主語和賓語用關系代詞，做狀語用關系副詞(時間狀語用when，地點狀語用where,原因狀語用why)練習：利用一“找”二“還”三“替換”的方法選擇正確的關系詞填空。Isthisthereasonwhich/thatheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Isthisthereasonwhyhewassocarelessinhiswork?Inanhour,wetraveltoplaceswhich/thatcouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.Theplacewhich/thatinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.TheplacewherehehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren'sPalace.I'llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.Theoldtemple,whoseroofwasdamagedinstorm,isnowunderrepair.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetwherelifehasdevelopedgradually.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhich/thatallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.By16:30,whichwasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,whicharebeyondourcontrol.Christmasistheonlytimeoftheyear,whenmenandwomenopentheirheartsfreelyandthinkofotherpeople.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allofwhichshespokefluently.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.Thedoctordidall_thathecouldtosavethewoundedboy.Thereisnodifficultythatcan'tbeovercomeintheworld.ThemostimportantthingthatweshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthingthatIhavesaid.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestonethatIhavewatchedthisyear.ThisistheveryfilmthatI'velongwishedtosee.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistthatwereintheconcertweattendedlastnightAllthepassengersandsuitcasesthatwerestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.Weliveinanagewhenpeoplecancommunicatemoreeasilythaneverbefore.InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。ACulturalheritageisimportantbecauseithelpspeopleconnectwithothers1.who/that_havesimilarbackgroundsandprovidesasenseofunity(團結)andbelonging(歸屬).Twotypesofculturalheritage2.arebeingprotected(protect)throughouttheworldnow:tangible(物質的，有形的)culturalheritageandi