U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

2022/2023

CORNEXPORTCARGO

QUALITYREPORT

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Developingareportofthisscopeandbreadthinatimelymannerrequires

participationbyseveralindividualsandorganizations.TheU.S.GrainsCouncilisgratefultoSteveHofing,LeeSingleton,LisaEckelandAlexHarveyof

CentrecConsultingGroup,LLC(Centrec)fortheiroversightandcoordinationindevelopingthisreport.Ateamofexpertsprovidedanalysisandwritingsupport.ExternalteammembersincludeDrs.LowellHill,MarvinPaulsenandTom

Whitaker.Inaddition,theCouncilisindebtedtotheIllinoisCropImprovementAssociation’sIdentityPreservedGrainLaboratory(IPGLab)andChampaign-DanvilleGrainInspection(CDGI)forprovidingthecornqualitytestingservices.

Inparticular,weacknowledgetheirreplaceableservicesoftheFederal

GrainInspectionService(FGIS)oftheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.FGISprovidedsamplesfromexportcargoes.TheFGISOfficeofInternational

Affairscoordinatedthesamplingprocess.FGISfieldstaff,theWashington

StateDepartmentofAgricultureandFGIS-designateddomesticofficialserviceproviderscollectedandsubmittedthesamplesthatconstitutethefoundationofthisreport.Wearegratefulforthetimetheydevotedduringtheirbusyseason.

AsaUSDAprogramsparticipant,theU.S.GrainsCounciliscommittedto

complyingwithnon-discriminationpoliciesfromfederal,stateandlocal

civilrightslawsandthoseoftheUSDA.VisittheUSDAwebsitepage

(

/non-discrimination-statement

)fordetails.

2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport?i

U.S.GRAINS

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1GreetingsfromtheCouncil

2ExportCargoQualityHighlights

4Introduction

6QualityTestResults

A.GradeFactors

6

B.ChemicalComposition

19

C.PhysicalFactors

29

D.Mycotoxins

48

59U.S.CornExportSystem

A.U.S.CornExportFlow

60

B.ImpactoftheCornMarketingChannelonQuality

61

C.U.S.GovernmentInspectionandGrading

63

65Survey&StatisticalAnalysisMethods

A.Overview

65

B.SurveyDesignandSampling

66

C.StatisticalAnalysis

71

72TestingAnalysisMethods

A.GradeFactors

72

B.ChemicalComposition

73

C.PhysicalFactors

74

D.Mycotoxins

75

77HistoricalPerspective

85U.S.CornSupportingInformation

BCUSGCContactInformation

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

GREETINGSFROMTHECOUNCIL

TheU.S.GrainsCouncil(USGC)ispleasedtopresentfindingsfromits12th

annualcornqualitysurveyinthis2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport.

TheCounciliscommittedtofurtheringglobalfoodsecurityandmutualeconomicbenefitthroughtrade.Indoingso,itoffersthisreporttoassistbuyersinmakingwell-informeddecisionsbyprovidingreliableandtimelyinformationaboutthe

qualityofU.S.corndestinedforexport.

TheCornExportCargoQualityReportisthesecondoftworeportsreleased

annuallybytheCouncildetailingthequalityofthe2022corncrop.Thereport

isbasedonsamplestakenatthepointofloadingforinternationalshipment

earlyinthe2022/2023marketingyear.Thisreportanditssisterreport,the

2022/2023CornHarvestQualityReport,provideanearlylookatthegrade

factorsestablishedbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureaswellaschemical

compositionandotherqualitycharacteristicsnotreportedelsewhere.Thisseriesofqualityreportsusesaconsistentandtransparentmethodologytoallowfor

insightfulcomparisonsacrosstime.

TheCouncilispleasedtoofferthisreportasaservicetoourvaluedtrading

partners.ItservesasameansoffulfillingtheCouncil’smissionofdeveloping

markets,enablingtradeandimprovinglives.

Sincerely,

JoshMiller

Chairman,U.S.GrainsCouncil

April2023

2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport?1

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EXPORTCARGOQUALITYHIGHLIGHTS

PHYSICALFACTORS

.Averagestresscracks(8.6%)wassimilarto2021/2022butlowerthanthe5YA.Themajorityoftheexportsamples(90.2%)hadlessthan15%stresscracks.

.Average100-kernelweight(35.61grams)waslowerthan2021/2022andthe5YA,indicatinglighterkernelsin2022/2023thanlastyearandthe5YA.

.Averagekernelvolume(0.28cubiccentimeters(cm3))wasthesameas2021/2022butlowerthanthe5YA.

.Averagetruedensity(1.273gramspercubiccentimeter(g/cm3))wasthelowestaverageobservedinthe12-yearhistoryofthereport.

.Averagepercentofwholekernels(84.9%)waslowerthan2021/2022buthigherthanthe5YA.

.Averagehorneous(hard)endospermwas82%,lowerthan2021/2022buthigherthanthe5YA.

MYCOTOXINS

.AllsamplestestedbelowtheFDAactionlevelof20.0partsperbillion(ppb)for

aflatoxin.Atotalof94.9%oftheexportsampleshadlevelsofaflatoxinbelowtheFederalGrainInspectionService(FGIS)“LowerConformanceLimit”of5.0ppbin2022/2023,alowerproportionthan2021/2022(97.3%)and2020/2021(98.3%).

.Allsamplestestedbelowthe5.0partspermillion(ppm)FDAadvisorylevelforDON,thesameas2021/2022and2020/2021.OfthesamplestestedforDONin2022/2023,98.9%showedlevelsbelow1.5ppm,asimilarproportionto

2021/2022(100.0%)andhigherthan2020/2021(95.6%).

.Ofthesamplestestedforfumonisinin2022/2023,94.3%werebelowtheFDA’sstrictestguidancelevelforfumonisinof5.0ppm.

.ThisisthesecondyearinwhichsamplesweretestedforochratoxinA,trichothecenes(T-2)andzearalenone.The“QualityTestResults”sectioncontainssampleresultsfortheseadditionalmycotoxins.

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INTRODUCTION

Cornqualityinformationisimportanttoforeignbuyersastheydecideonpurchase

contractsandprocessingneedsforcornforfeed,foodorindustrialuse.The2022/2023

ExportCargoReportprovidesaccurate,unbiasedinformationaboutthequalityofU.S.

yellowcommoditycornasitisassembledforexportearlyinthemarketingyear.ThisreportprovidestestresultsforcornsamplescollectedduringtheU.S.government-licensed

samplingandinspectionprocessesforU.S.cornwaterborneandrailexportshipments.

ThisExportCargoReportis

basedonyellowcommoditycorn

samplescollectedfromcornexportshipmentsastheyunderwentthe

federalinspectionandgrading

processesperformedbyFGIS

orlicensedinspectorsatinterior

offices.ThesampletestresultsarereportedattheU.S.aggregatelevel(U.S.Aggregate)andbyexport

pointsassociatedwiththreegeneralregionsknownasExportCatchmentAreas(ECAs)shownonthemap.

ExportCatchmentAreas

PacificNorthwest

Exportscornthrough

Washington,Oregon

andCaliforniaports.

SouthernRail

ExportscorntoMexicoby

railfrominlandsubterminals.

ExportscornthroughtheU.S.Gulfports.

Gulf

Thegradefactorresultsarealsosummarizedbygradecategories“U.S.No.2”and“U.S.No.3”toillustratethepracticalqualitydifferencesbetweenthesetwospecifications.

Resultsaredisplayedbythegradeontheloadingcontractspecifiedbythetradingpartnersratherthantheiractualgradefactortestresults.

Thisreportprovidesdetailedinformationoneachofthequalityfactorstested,includingaverage,standarddeviationanddistribution,fortheU.S.AggregateandforeachofthethreeECAs.The“QualityTestResults”sectionsummarizesthefollowingqualityfactors:

.GradeFactors:testweight,BCFM,totaldamageandheatdamage

.ChemicalComposition:protein,starchandoilconcentrations

.PhysicalFactors:stresscracks,100-kernelweight,kernelvolume,kerneltruedensity,wholekernelsandhorneous(hard)endosperm

.Mycotoxins:aflatoxin,DON,fumonisin,ochratoxinA,T-2andzearalenone

Detailsaboutthetestinganalysismethodsusedforthisreportareprovidedinthe“TestingAnalysisMethods”section.

Forthe2022/2023ExportCargoReport,FGISandinteriorofficescollectedsamplesfromexportshipmentsloadedfrommid-November2022throughearlyMarch2023togeneratestatisticallyvalidresultsfortheU.S.AggregateandbyECA.Theobjectivewastoobtainenoughsamplestoestimatequalityfactoraveragesofthecornexportswitharelative

marginoferror(RelativeME)ofnotmorethan10%fortheU.S.Aggregatelevel.

4?2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport

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INTRODUCTION

Beginningwiththisyear’sreport,gradefactorresultsfromtheGulfandPacificNorthwestECAsfor2022/2023andallpreviousyearswereobtainedfromtheFederalGrain

InspectionService’sExportGrainReport.Thisdatasetprovidesshipment-levelgradefactorandmoisturedata,thecontractgradespecifiedbythetradingpartners,themetrictonsshippedandtheinspectiondate.Thesedatawerefilteredbydatetocorrespond

withthetimeframefromwhichthephysicalsampleswerecollectedusingthedataset’sThursdaycutoffdate.CompletegradefactordataisavailablefromnearlyallvesselsloadedfromtheGulfandPacificNorthwestECAs,whichprovidesthebestpossible

representationoftheaveragegradefactorsloadedfromtheseECAssinceallvesselsloadedwithcornaresampled.1WhilethedatasetcontainsshipmentinformationfromtheSouthernRailECA,thisreportcontinuestorelyonthegradefactorresultsfromthephysicalsamplescollectedsincegradefactordataisoftenincompletefromrail

shipmentsintheFGISdataset.Furtherdiscussionofthisprotocolchangeandother

statisticalsamplingandanalysismethodsarepresentedinthe“SurveyandStatisticalAnalysisMethods”section.Annualinspectiondataareavailabletothepublicat

/ExportGrainReport/default.aspx

.

This2022/2023ExportCargoReportisthetwelfthinaseriesofannualsurveysof

thequalityofU.S.cornexportsearlyinthemarketingyear.InadditiontotheCouncil

reportingthequalityofcornexportsearlyinthecurrentmarketingyear,thecumulativeExportCargoReportsurveysareprovidingincreasedvaluetostakeholders.The

twelveyearsofdataenableexportbuyersandotherstakeholderstomakeyear-to-yearcomparisonsandassesspatternsincornqualitybasedongrowing,drying,handling,storageandtransportconditions.

TheExportCargoReportdoesnotpredicttheactualqualityofanycargoorlotofcornafterloadingoratdestination.Allparticipantsinthevaluechainneedtounderstandtheirowncontractneedsandobligations.Inadditiontograde,manyofthequalityattributescanbespecifiedinthebuyer-sellercontract.Manyfactors,includingweather,genetics,comminglingandgraindryingandhandling,affectqualitychangesincomplexways.

Sampletestresultscanvarysignificantlydependingontheoriginationofthecorn,thewaysinwhichacornlotwasloadedontoaconveyanceandthemethodofsampling

used.Areviewofhowcornqualityevolvesfromthefieldtotheoceanvesselorrailcarisprovidedinthe“U.S.CornExportSystem”section.

Thecompanionreport,theU.S.GrainsCouncil2022/2023CornHarvestQualityReport,wasreleasedinNovember2022andreportedonthequalityofthecornasitenteredtheU.S.marketingsystem.The2022/2023HarvestReportandthe2022/2023ExportCargoReportshouldbestudiedtogethersothatchangesincornqualityoccurringbetween

harvestandexportcanbeunderstood.The“HistoricalPerspective”sectionillustrates

thesechangesbydisplayingtheresultsfromthisreportwithallpreviousHarvestReportsandExportCargoReports.

1WhilethisprotocolresultsinasamplingpopulationcontainingnearlyallofthecornexportedthroughtheGulfandPacificNorthwestECAs,thereareafewexclusionsdiscussedinthe“SurveyandStatisticalAnalysisMethods”section.

2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport?5

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

A.GRADEFACTORS

USDAFGIShasestablishednumericalgrades,definitionsandstandardsforthe

measurementofmanyqualityattributes.Theattributesthatdeterminethenumerical

gradesforcornaretestweight,BCFM,totaldamageandheatdamage.Atablewiththenumericalrequirementsfortheseattributesisinthe“U.S.CornSupportingInformation”sectionofthisreport.

SUMMARY:GRADEFACTORS

.AverageU.S.Aggregatetestweight(58.0lb/buor74.6kg/hl)wassimilar

to2021/2022(57.9lb/bu),buthigherthan2020/2021(57.7lb/bu),the5YAand10YA(both57.5lb/bu)andwaswellabovethelimitforU.S.No.1grade(56.0lb/bu).Theaveragetestweightatexporthasbeenconsistentlylowerthanthatatharvest.

.TheaveragetestweightforthePacificNorthwestECAhasconsistentlybeenlowerthanthatfortheotherECAsoverthelastthreeyears,5YAand10YA.

.AverageU.S.AggregateBCFM(2.7%)wassimilarto2021/2022(2.6%),butlowerthan2020/2021,the5YAand10YA(all2.9%),andalsobelowtheU.S.No.2gradelimit(3.0%).

.Atotalof94.7%oftheexportsampleswereatorbelowthemaximumBCFMallowedforU.S.No.2grade(3.0%)and100.0%wereatorbelowtheBCFMlimitforU.S.No.3grade(4.0%).

.AverageBCFMintheSouthernRailECA(1.8%)waslowerthantheGulfand

PacificNorthwestECAs(both2.9%).AverageBCFMfortheSouthernRailECAhasbeenlowestamongtheECAsforthelastthreeyears,the5YAandthe10YA.

6?2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport

QUALITYTESTRESULTS

.AverageU.S.Aggregatetotaldamage(2.3%)washigherthan2020/2021(2.0%)andthe10YA(2.2%),butsimilarto2021/2022(2.2%)andthe5YA(2.3%)butwaswellbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(5.0%).

.Oftheexportsamples,77.8%had3.0%orlessdamagedkernels,meetingtheU.S.No.1grade.Inaddition,95.9%wereatorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(5.0%).

.AveragetotaldamageforthePacificNorthwestECAhasbeenlowestamongtheECAsforthelastthreeyears,the5YAandthe10YA.

.AverageU.S.Aggregateheatdamagewas0.0%for2022/2023,thesameastheprevioustwoyears,the5YAand10YA.

U.S.CornGradesandGradeRequirements

MaximumLimitsof

DamagedKernels

BrokenCornand

ForeignMaterial

(Percent)

MinimumTestWeightperBushel

(Pounds)

Heat

Total

(Percent)

Grade

Damaged

(Percent)

U.S.No.1

U.S.No.2

U.S.No.3

U.S.No.4

U.S.No.5

56.0

54.0

52.0

49.0

46.0

0.1

0.2

0.5

1.0

3.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

10.0

15.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

7.0

2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport?7

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

TESTWEIGHT

Testweight(weightpervolume)isameasureofbulkdensity.Itisoftenusedasageneralindicatorofoverallqualityandasagaugeofendospermhardnessforalkalinecookersanddrymillers.Hightestweightcorntakesuplessstoragespacethanthesameweightofcornwithlowertestweight.Testweightisinitiallyimpactedbygeneticdifferencesinthestructureofthekernel.However,itisalsoaffectedbymoisturecontent,dryingspeed,physical

damagetothekernel(brokenorscuffedkernelsurfaces),foreignmaterialinthesample,kernelsizeandhardness,kernelmaturityandmicrobiologicaldamage.Whensampled

andmeasuredatthepointofdeliveryfromthefarmatagivenmoisturecontent,hightestweightgenerallyindicateshighquality,ahighpercentofhorneous(orhard)endospermandsound,cleancorn.Testweighthasapositivecorrelationwithtruedensityandreflectskernelhardnessandgoodmaturationconditions.

RESULTS

.AverageU.S.Aggregatetestweight(58.0lb/buor74.6kg/hl)waswellabovethelimitforU.S.No.1grade(56.0lb/bu)andwassimilarto2021/2022(57.9lb/bu),buthigherthan2020/2021(57.7lb/bu),the5YAand10YA(both57.5lb/bu).

.The2022/2023exportsampleshadastandarddeviation(0.63lb/bu)similarto2021/2022(0.57lb/bu),2020/2021(0.63lb/bu),the5YA(0.71lb/bu)andthe10YA(0.70lb/bu).

.AverageU.S.Aggregatetestweightfor93.3%ofthe2022/2023sampleswasatorabovetheminimumforU.S.No.1grade(56.0lb/bu),and100.0%ofthesampleswereatorabovethelimitforU.S.No.2grade(54.0lb/bu).

TESTWEIGHT(lb/bu&kg/hl)

U.S.AggregateResultsSummary

57.7

(74.3)

57.5

(74.0)

56.6(72.9)

57.7

(74.2)

57.9

(74.5)

58.0(74.6)

MY17/18MY18/19MY19/20MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23

8?2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport

57.5

(74.0)

5YA

9.3

0.0

QUALITYTESTRESULTS

?AverageU.S.Aggregatetestweightatexport(58.0lb/bu)waslowerthanthe

2022harvest(58.5lb/buor75.3kg/hl).Theaveragetestweightatexporthas

beenconsistentlylowerthanatharvest,asindicatedbytheexport5YAand10YA(both57.5lb/bu)comparedtotheharvest5YAand10YA(both58.2lb/bu).

?Thevariabilityofthe2022/2023exportsamplesasmeasuredbythestandard

deviation(0.63lb/bu)waslessthanthatofthe2022harvestsamples(1.30lb/bu).Ascorniscommingledmovingthroughthemarketingchannel,testweightbecomesmoreuniform,withalowerstandarddeviationandarangebetweenmaximumandminimumvaluesthatislessthanatharvest.

?Theaveragetestweightwas

lowerforthePacificNorthwestTESTWEIGHT(lb/bu&kg/hl)

ECA(56.4lb/bu)thanforthe2022/2023AveragebyExportCatchmentArea

SouthernRail(58.0lb/bu)

Pacific

Northwest

andtheGulf(58.7lb/bu).The

averagetestweightforthe

56.4(72.6)

58.0(74.7)

PacificNorthwestECAhas

consistentlybeenlowerthan

58.7(75.5)

theothertwoECAsoverthe

lastthreeyears,5YAand10YA.

?U.S.Aggregatetestweightin

SouthernRail

Gulf

samplesloadedasGradeNo.2or

No.2orbetteraveraged58.0lb/bu

whilethoseloadedasGradeNo.3

orNo.3orbetteraveraged57.9lb/bu.

TESTWEIGHT(lb/bu&kg/hl)

PercentofSamplesbyMarketingYear

MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23

0.00.00.0

U.S.No.4,5

orSampleGrade

<52.0

(<66.9)

0.20.00.0

U.S.No.3

52.0-53.9

(66.9-69.4)

59.1

50.1

45.0

34.2

6.8

40.4

55.0

U.S.No.254.0-55.9(69.5-72.0)

U.S.No.1

56.0-57.9

(72.1-74.6)

≥58.0

(≥74.7)

2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport?9

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

BROKENCORNANDFOREIGNMATERIAL

BCFMisanindicatoroftheamountofclean,soundcornavailableforfeedingand

processing.ThelowerthepercentageofBCFM,thelessforeignmaterialorfewerbrokenkernelsareinthesample.Ascornmovesfromfarmdeliveriesthroughthemarketing

channel,eachimpactonthegrainduringhandlingandtransportingincreasestheamountofbrokencorn.Asaresult,theaverageBCFMinmostshipmentsofcornwillbehigherattheexportpointthanindeliveriesfromthefarmtothelocalelevator.

Brokencorn(BC)isdefinedascornandanyothermaterial(suchasweedseeds)smallenoughtopassthrougha12/64th-inchround-holesievebuttoolargetopassthrougha

6/64th-inchround-holesieve.Foreignmaterial(FM)isdefinedasanynon-cornmaterial

toolargetopassthrougha12/64th-inchround-holesieve,aswellasallfinematerialsmallenoughtopassthrougha6/64th-inchround-holesieve.

RESULTS

.AverageU.S.AggregateBCFMinexportsamples(2.7%)wassimilarto2021/2022(2.6%),butlowerthan2020/2021,5YAand10YA(all2.9%),andalsobelowthe

U.S.No.2gradelimit(3.0%).

.Thevariabilityofthe2022/2023exportsamples(withastandarddeviationof

0.41%)wassimilarto2021/2022(0.56%),2020/2021(0.53%),the5YA(0.56%)and10YA(0.55%).Therangeinvalues(3.1)waslessthan2021/2022(4.1)and2020/2021(5.5).

.BCFMinthe2022/2023exportsampleswasdistributedwith94.7%ofthesamplesatorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(3.0%),and100.0%atorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.3grade(4.0%).

BCFM(%)

U.S.AggregateResultsSummary

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

MY17/18MY18/19MY19/20MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23

10?2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport

2.9

5YA

FM

BC

18.118.911.6

16.312.3

5.3

QUALITYTESTRESULTS

?AverageU.S.AggregateBCFMatexport(2.7%)was1.8

percentagepointshigherthanatharvest(0.9%).Boththe5YAand10YAhada2.1percentagepointincreasebetweenharvest(0.8%)andexport(2.9%).ThisincreaseinBCFMatexportislikelyduetohigherbrokencornasaresultofartificialdrying

andadditionalimpactscausedbyconveyingandhandling

equipmentasthecornmovesthroughthemarketchannel.

?AverageBCFMintheSouthernRailECA(1.8%)waslowerthantheGulfandPacificNorthwestECAs(both2.9%).Average

BCFMfortheSouthernRailhasalsobeenlowestamongthe

ECAsfortheprevioustwoyears,the5YAandthe10YA.

?U.S.AggregateBCFMinsamplesloadedasGradeNo.2orNo.2

orbetteraveraged2.8%whilethoseloadedasGradeNo.3orNo.3orbetteraveraged3.0%.

BCFM(%)

BrokenCornandForeignMaterial

MeasuredasPercentbyWeight

SieveSize

12/64inches

(0.476cm)

SieveSize6/64inches(0.238cm)

FM

BCFM(%)

2022/2023AveragebyExportCatchmentArea

Pacific

Northwest

2.9

2.9

1.8

Southern

Rail

Gulf

BCFM(%)

PercentofSamplesbyMarketingYear

MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23

75.8

71.769.3

0.20.20.0

0.20.00.0

U.S.No.1

≤2.0

U.S.No.2

2.1-3.0

U.S.No.3

3.1-4.0

U.S.No.4

4.1-5.0

U.S.No.5

>5.0

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

TOTALDAMAGE

Totaldamageisthepercentofkernelsandpiecesofkernelsthatarevisuallydamagedinsomeway,includingdamagefrommold,frost,insects,sprouting,disease,weather,ground,germandheat.Mostofthesetypesofdamageresultinsomediscolorationorchange

inkerneltexture.However,damagedoesnotincludebrokenpiecesofgrainthatareotherwisenormalinappearance.

Molddamageisusuallyassociatedwithhighermoisturecontentandwarmtemperaturesduringthegrowingseasonorduringstorage.Severalfieldmolds,suchasDiplodia,

Aspergillus,FusariumandGibberella,canleadtomold-damagedkernelsduringthegrowingseasoniftheweatherconditionsareconducivetotheirdevelopment.Whilesomefungithatproducemolddamagecanalsoproducemycotoxins,notallfungiproducemycotoxins.Thechanceofmolddecreasesascornisdriedandcooledtolowertemperatures.

RESULTS

.AverageU.S.Aggregatetotaldamage(2.3%)washigherthan2020/2021(2.0%)andthe10YA(2.2%),butsimilarto2021/2022(2.2%)andthe5YA(2.3%)butwaswellbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(5.0%).

.Variabilityinthe2022/2023samples,asindicatedbythestandarddeviation(1.53%),washigherthan2021/2022(1.27%),2020/2021(0.78%),the5YA(0.87%)andthe10YA(0.80%).The2022/2023samplerange(0.2to31.1%)washigherthanthe

rangefor2021/2022(0.2to12.6%)and2020/2021(0.1to8.6%).

TOTALDAMAGE(%)

U.S.AggregateResultsSummary

2.8

2.6

2.2

2.3

1.9

2.0

MY17/18MY18/19MY19/20MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23

12?2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport

2.3

5YA

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

?Oftheexportsamples,77.8%had3.0%orlessdamagedkernels,meetingtheU.S.No.1grade.Inaddition,95.9%wereatorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(5.0%).

?Theaverageleveloftotaldamageinthemarketingchannelatexport(2.3%)was

higherthanatharvest(1.2%).Totaldamagetypicallyincreasesbetweenharvest

andexport.Theexport5YA(2.3%)was0.8percentagepointhigherthanthe

harvest5YA(1.5%);andtheexport10YA(2.2%)was0.7percentagepointhigher

thantheharvest10YA(1.5%).Totaldamagecanincreaseduringstorage,especiallyiftherearespout-linesandpocketsofhighmoisturecorninstoragebinsor

transportcontainers.

?AverageU.S.AggregatetotalTOTALDAMAGE(%)

(2.8%),PacificNorthwest(0.6%)

damageforECAswereGulf2022/2023AveragebyExportCatchmentArea

andSouthernRail(3.3%).Average

totaldamageforthePacificPacific

NorthwestECAhasbeenlowestNorthwest

amongtheECAsforthelastthree0.6

years,the5YAandthe10YA.

?U.S.Aggregatetotaldamagein3.32.8samplesloadedasGradeNo.2

orNo.2orbetteraveraged2.2%Southern

whilethoseloadedasGradeNo.3RailGulf

orNo.3orbetteraveraged3.6%.

TOTALDAMAGE(%)

PercentofSamplesbyMarketingYear

MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23

88.4

79.377.8

U.S.1

≤3.0

9.8

16.618.1

■1.62.52.50.21.40.60.00.21.0

U.S.No.2

3.1-5.0

U.S.No.3

5.1-7.0

U.S.No.4

7.1-10.0

U.S.No.5>10.0

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

HEATDAMAGE

HeatdamageisasubsetoftotaldamageincorngradesandhasseparateallowancesintheU.S.gradestandards.Heatdamagecanbecausedbymicrobiologicalactivityinwarm,moistgrainorbyhighheatappliedduringdrying.Lowlevelsofheatdamagemayindicatethecornhasbeendriedandstoredatmoisturecontentsandtemperaturesthatprevent

damageinthemarketingchannel.

RESULTS

.AverageU.S.Aggregateheatdamagefor2022/2023was0.0%,thesameas2021/2022,2020/2021,the5YAand10YA.TheseaverageshavebeenbelowthelimitforU.S.No.1grade(0.1%),indicatinggoodmanagementofdryingandstorageofthecornthroughoutthemarketingchannel.

.Onlyonesampleintheentire2022/2023exportcargosampleset(atotalof300samples)showedanyheatdamage.Thissamplehad0.1%heatdamage.

14?2022/2023CornExportCargoQualityReport

QUALITYTESTRESULTS

SUMMARY:GRADEFACTORS

2022/2023ExportCargo

No.ofSamples

Min.

Avg.

Max.

Std.

Dev.

U.S.Aggregate

61.3

78.9

3.9

31.1

0.1

0.63

0.81

0.41

1.53

0.00

58.0

74.6

2.7

2.3

0.0

297

297

300

300

300

55.6

71.6

0.8

0.2

0.0

TestWeight(lb/bu)

TestWeight(kg/hl)

BCFM(%)

TotalDamage(%)

HeatDamage(%)

Gulf

58.7

75.5

2.9

2.8

0.0

193

193

193

193

193

57.0

73.3

0.8

0.8

0.0

61.3

78.9

3.9

6.8

0.1

0.59

0.76

0.49

1.13

0.01

TestWeight(lb/bu)

TestWeight(kg/hl)

BCFM(%)

TotalDamage(%)

HeatDamage(%)

PacificNorthwest

20

20

20

20

20

0.49

0.63

0.18

0.32

0.00

55.6

71.6

2.6

0.2

0.0

56.4

72.6

2.9

0.6

0.0

57.4

73.8

3.4

1.5

0.0

TestWeight(lb/bu)

TestWeight(kg/hl)

BCFM(%)