...wd......wd......wd...WebService四種發(fā)布方式總結Author:yczhangCXF方式CXF與spring搭建webservice是目前最流行的方式，但是傳聞cxf與jdk1.5有些不兼容，我沒有遇到過，我遇到的問題是cxf與was6.1.1不兼容，表現(xiàn)在cxf必須的jar包“wsdl4j-1.6.2.jar〞報錯，報的錯為：java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError，明顯的jar包不兼容問題，很是頭痛，后來查找資料找到解決方法是，將上述jar包新建一個was共享庫，可以解決，但是客戶周經理不想用此種方式，因為需要修改was，于是改用了axis2方式，下文會介紹。該問題在此處做個記錄，以后使用cxf與was的時候需要注意?。?！使用cxf+spring搭建WebService：第一步，添加jar包。此處需要注意，不同環(huán)境〔tomcat、was〕jar也不一定一樣，例如我本地cxf+spring只需要如下jar包：而泰康的was環(huán)境則需要如下jar包：明顯的多了很多，原因應該是服務器jar包池的不同。根據錯誤提示缺什么補什么就可以了，注意jar包勿重復。第二步，配置web.xml文件，如下〔重要的地方已標記〕：<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!--CharacterEncodingfilter--> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet><servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/webservice/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>上述標記的地方，第一處是spring配置文件路徑；第二出是wsdl地址內容；第三步，編寫接口類與實現(xiàn)類，注意注解接口類@WebServicepublicinterfaceSendService{ publicbooleansendOA(@WebParam(name="param")Stringparam); publicbooleansendOrg(OrgEntityorg);}實現(xiàn)類@WebService(endpointInterface="com.service.SendService",serviceName="sendService")publicclassSendServiceImplimplementsSendService{ publicbooleansendOA(Stringparam){ System.out.println("-------sendOA---------param:"+param); if(param.equals("zhoujian")){ returntrue; } returnfalse; } publicbooleansendOrg(OrgEntityorg){ System.out.println("-------sendOrg--begin-------"); returntrue; }}第四步，Spring配置文件<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns=":///schema/beans" xmlns:xsi=":///2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p=":///schema/p" xmlns:jaxws=":///jaxws"xsi:schemaLocation=" :///schema/beans :///schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd :///jaxws :///schemas/jaxws.xsd"> <importresource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml"/> <importresource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-extension-soap.xml"/> <importresource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-servlet.xml"/> <jaxws:endpointid="sendServie"implementor="com.service.impl.SendServiceImpl" address="/sendServie"/> <!--<jaxws:clientid="sendServiceClient"serviceClass="com.service.SendService" address="://1:9080/Wb/webservice/sendServie?wsdl"/>--></beans>“jaxws:client〞該標簽可以不必寫，訪問時可以手動拼接該url第五步，發(fā)布，直接部署到服務器，訪問：://1:9080/Wb/webservice/sendServie?wsdlXfire方式據說xfire方式已經很老了，但個人感覺，xfire方式很簡單且容易配置，不知為啥過時了，也沒感覺cxf、axis2哪里先進，我當時卡在cxf與was搞不定時想嘗試xfire方式被周經理給拒絕了。Xfire方式發(fā)布webservice：第一步，添加jar包，如下：第二步，修改web.xml文件<servlet><servlet-name>XFireServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.codehaus.xfire.transport..XFireConfigurableServlet</servlet-class><load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>XFireServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>第三步，編寫接口類接口類：publicabstractinterfaceIBankingService{ publicabstractStringtransferFunds(StringparamString1);}實現(xiàn)類：publicclassBankingServiceimplementsIBankingService{publicStringtransferFunds(StringfromAccount){returnfromAccount+":ok";}}第四步，編寫services.xml配置文件在WEB-INF目錄下新建目錄META-INF，在該目錄下新建文件夾xfire，該目錄下新建文件services.xml<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns=":///config/1.0"> <service> <name>Banking</name> <namespace>mybank</namespace> <serviceClass> com.mybank.xfire.example.IBankingService </serviceClass> <implementationClass> com.mybank.xfire.impl.BankingService </implementationClass> </service></beans>第五步，發(fā)布，部署到服務器，訪問url:://localhost:9080/Xfire/services/Banking?wsdlAXIS2方式Axis2發(fā)布WebService有兩種方式，其一是利用axis2插件打成aar包放到axis_war里面部署到服務器發(fā)布；其二是不打包發(fā)布〔本例〕；我不清楚打包發(fā)布有什么好處，感覺很麻煩工程外還得部署一個war，現(xiàn)在介紹第二種不打包的方式，類似xfire，同時由于cxf與was不兼容導致wsdl.jar報錯，但是xfire與axis2也用到wsdl.jar卻不報錯，我個人也是很費解，泰康工程目前使用的就是axis2方式。Axis2發(fā)布WebService：第一步，添加jar包，如下：很多是吧，不過都是從axis.war里面WEB-INF下的lib目錄復制來的。第二步，修改web.xml文件<servlet><servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.apache.axis2.transport..AxisServlet</servlet-class><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>第三步，編寫實現(xiàn)類publicclassServiceImpl{ publicStringsayHello(Stringname){ System.out.println("================"); return"hello:"+name; }}第四步，增加WEN-INF內容將axis.war解壓下的WEN-INF文件夾內的conf、modules復制到工程WEB-INF下第五步，在WEB-INF下創(chuàng)立文件夾services〔名字不可改〕，在該目錄下創(chuàng)立文件夾〔名稱隨意〕，在該目錄下創(chuàng)立文件夾META-INF〔名稱不可改〕，在該目錄下創(chuàng)立文件services.xml〔名稱不可改〕，該文件內容為：<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><servicename="axisDemo"><description>WebService例子</description><parametername="ServiceClass">com.ServiceImpl</parameter><messageReceivers><messageReceivermep=":///2004/08/wsdl/in-out"class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver"/><messageReceivermep=":///2004/08/wsdl/in-only"class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCInOnlyMessageReceiver"/></messageReceivers></service>第六步，部署到服務器，發(fā)布URL為：://localhost:9080/Axis2Test/services/axisDemo?wsdlAXIS1方式同上，不知道AXIS1哪里不好，配置也很簡單，如下：第一步，添加jar包第二步，修改web.xml<servlet><servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.apache.axis.transport..AxisServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>第三步，實現(xiàn)類與實體類實現(xiàn)類：packagecom;publicclassAxis{ publicStringsayHello(Stringname){ System.out.println("============:"+name); return"hi:"+name; } publicStringsayHelloToUser(Useru){ System.out.println("============:"+u.getId()); System.out.println("============:"+u.getPath()); System.out.println("============:"+u.getAdd()); return"hi:"+u.getName(); }}實體類：packagecom;publicclassUser{ privateStringid; privateStringname; privateStringadd; privateStringpath;gettersetter……方法第四步，創(chuàng)立配置文件：在WEB-INF下新建文件“server-config.wsdd〞<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><deploymentxmlns=":///axis/wsdd/"xmlns:java=":///axis/wsdd/providers/java"><!--globalConfiguration標簽內容為系統(tǒng)默認無需更改<globalConfiguration><parametername="adminPassword"value="admin"/><parametername="attachments.Directory"value="./attachments"/><parametername="attachments.implementation"value="org.apache.axis.attachments.AttachmentsImpl"/><parametername="sendXsiTypes"value="true"/><parametername="sendMultiRefs"value="true"/><parametername="sendXMLDeclaration"value="true"/><parametername="axis.sendMinimizedElements"value="true"/><requestFlow><handlertype="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"><parametername="scope"value="session"/></handler><handlertype="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"><parametername="scope"value="request"/><parametername="extension"value=".jwr"/></handler></requestFlow></globalConfiguration><handlername="LocalResponder"type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/><handlername="URLMapper"type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers..URLMapper"/><handlername="Authenticate"type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/><!—service標簽是需要配置的-<!—name是url中需要的參數(shù)-<servicename="axisTest"provider="java:RPC"><!—allowedMethods的value值是方法名可以寫*-<parametername="allowedMethods"value="*"/><!—className的value值是類路徑-<parametername="className"value="com.Axis"/><!—wsdlTargetNamespace的wsdl文件中TargetNamespace的值-<parametername="wsdlTargetNamespace"value="://service.impl.tdi.taikang.tivoli.ibm/"/><!—此處很重要，假設方法需要傳實體類，則配置此處-<beanMappingqname="myNS:User"xmlns:myNS="urn:BeanService"languageSpecificType="java:com.User"/></service><!—默認-<transportname=""><requestFlow><handlertype="URLMapper"/><handlertype="java:org.apache.axis.handlers..AuthHandler"/></requestFlow></transport><transportname="local"><responseFlow><handlertype="LocalResponder"/></responseFlow></transport></deployment>第五步，部署，同上。CLIENT方式cilent屬于一種比擬簡單的實現(xiàn)方式我們將WebService發(fā)布在Tomcat或者其他應用服務器上后，有很多方法可以調用該WebService，常用的有兩種：1、通過瀏覽器調用，返回標準的XML文件內容

2、通過客戶端程序調用，返回結果可自定義格式

接下來，我利用Eclipse作為開發(fā)工具，演示一個client調用WebService的簡單例如步驟如下：準備工作：用到的jar包有：下載鏈接〔:///detail/lanxuezaipiao/5354480〕第一步：新建JavaProject，工程名稱為CallWebService第二步：將所需jar包導入到庫中第三步：編寫調用class，這里有兩種方式調用，即GET方式和POST方式，由于POST方式較安全，故這里采用POST方式調用；請求數(shù)據的構造也有兩種方式：靜態(tài)和動態(tài)構造，下面分別介紹這兩種方式：注：這里以E郵寶開放的webservice接口為例調用其中一個API函數(shù)，而E郵寶的webservice基于SOAP，故請求數(shù)據為SOAP格式，大家可根據自己情況進展修改。靜態(tài)構造請求數(shù)據：packagecom.;importjava.io.ByteArrayInputStream;importjava.io.IOException;importjava.io.InputStream;importorg.apachemons.client.Client;importorg.apachemons.client.Exception;importorg.apachemons.client.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;importorg.apachemons.client.methods.PostMethod;importorg.apachemons.client.methods.RequestEntity;publicclassStaticclientCall{/***@paramargs*@throwsIOException*@throwsException*/publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsException,IOException{//TODOAuto-generatedmethodstubStringsoapRequestData="<?xmlversion=\"1.0\"encoding=\"utf-8\"?>"+"<soap12:Envelopexmlns:xsi=\":///2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+"xmlns:xsd=\":///2001/XMLSchema\""+"xmlns:soap12=\":///2003/05/soap-envelope\">"+"<soap12:Body>"+"<GetAPACShippingPackagexmlns=\":///\">"+"<GetAPACShippingPackageRequest>"+"<TrackCode>123</TrackCode>"+"<Version>123</Version>"+"<APIDevUserID>123</APIDevUserID>"+"<APIPassword>123</APIPassword>"+"<APISellerUserID>123</APISellerUserID>"+"<MessageID>123</MessageID>"+"</GetAPACShippingPackageRequest>"+"</GetAPACShippingPackage>"+"</soap12:Body>"+"</soap12:Envelope>";System.out.println(soapRequestData);PostMethodpostMethod=newPostMethod(":///v3/orderservice.asmx?wsdl");//然后把Soap請求數(shù)據添加到PostMethod中byte[]b=soapRequestData.getBytes("utf-8");InputStreamis=newByteArrayInputStream(b,0,b.length);RequestEntityre=newInputStreamRequestEntity(is,b.length,"application/soap+xml;charset=utf-8");postMethod.setRequestEntity(re);//最后生成一個Client對象，并發(fā)出postMethod請求ClientClient=newClient();intstatusCode=Client.executeMethod(postMethod);if(statusCode==200){System.out.println("調用成功！");StringsoapResponseData=postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();System.out.println(soapResponseData);}else{System.out.println("調用失?。″e誤碼："+statusCode);}}}動態(tài)構造數(shù)據：packagecom.;importjava.io.ByteArrayInputStream;importjava.io.InputStream;importjava.util.HashMap;importjava.util.Map;importjava.util.Set;importorg.apachemons.client.Client;importorg.apachemons.client.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;importorg.apachemons.client.methods.PostMethod;importorg.apachemons.client.methods.RequestEntity;//動態(tài)構造調用串，靈活性更大publicclassDynamicclientCall{privateStringnamespace;privateStringmethodName;privateStringwsdlLocation;privateStringsoapResponseData;publicDynamicclientCall(Stringnamespace,StringmethodName,StringwsdlLocation){space=namespace;this.methodName=methodName;this.wsdlLocation=wsdlLocation;}privateintinvoke(Map<String,String>patameterMap)throwsException{PostMethodpostMethod=newPostMethod(wsdlLocation);StringsoapRequestData=buildRequestData(patameterMap);byte[]bytes=soapRequestData.getBytes("utf-8");InputStreaminputStream=newByteArrayInputStream(bytes,0,bytes.length);RequestEntityrequestEntity=newInputStreamRequestEntity(inputStream,bytes.length,"application/soap+xml;charset=utf-8");postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);ClientClient=newClient();intstatusCode=Client.executeMethod(postMethod);soapResponseData=postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();returnstatusCode;}privateStringbuildRequestData(Map<String,String>patameterMap){StringBuffersoapRequestData=newStringBuffer();soapRequestData.append("<?xmlversion=\"1.0\"encoding=\"utf-8\"?>");soapRequestData.append("<soap12:Envelopexmlns:xsi=\":///2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+"xmlns:xsd=\":///2001/XMLSchema\""+"xmlns:soap12=\":///2003/05/soap-envelope\">");soapRequestData.append("<soap12:Body>");soapRequestData.append("<"+methodName+"xmlns=\""+namespace+"\">");soapRequestData.append("<"+methodName+"Request>");Set<String>nameSet=patameterMap.keySet();for(Stringname:nameSet){soapRequestData.append("<"+name+">"+patameterMap.get(name)+"</"+name+">");}soapRequestData.append("</"+methodName+"Request>");soapRequestData.append("</"+methodName+">");soapRequestData.append("</soap12:Body>");soapRequestData.append("</soap12:Envelope>");returnsoapRequestData.toString();}/***@paramargs*@throwsException*/publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsException{//TODOAuto-generatedmethodstubDynamicclientCalldynamicclientCall=newDynamicclientCall(":///","GetAPACShippingPackage",":///v3/orderservice.asmx?wsdl");Map<String,String>patameterMap=newHashMap<String,String>();patameterMap.put("TrackCode","123");patameterMap.put("Version","123");patameterMap.put("APIDevUserID","123");patameterMap.put("APIPassword","123");patameterMap.put("APISellerUserID","123");patameterMap.put("MessageID","123");patameterMap.put("TrackCode","123");StringsoapRequestData=dynamicclientCall.buildRequestData(patameterMap);System.out.println(soapRequestData);intstatusCode=dynamicclientCall.invoke(patameterMap);if(statusCode==200){System.out.println("調用成功！");System.out.println(dynamicclientCall.soapResponseData);}else{System.out.println("調用失?。″e誤碼："+statusCode);}}}最終運行結果：可見最終返回的也是xml格式的數(shù)據，這里數(shù)據未進展格式化顯示和處理AXIS1客戶端調用此處調用方式為axis1的調用，需要傳遞的參數(shù)可以是字符串或實體類，字符串方式：Serviceservice=newService();Callcall=(Call)service.createCall();//wsdl地址call.setTargetEndpointAddress(newURL(wsdlUrl));//設定調用3分鐘不返回則超時call.setTimeout(newInteger(180000)); //命名空間(wsdl文件中的targetNameSpace屬性值)以及方法名call.setOperationName(newQName("://com","sayHello"));//參數(shù)類型call.addParameter("name",XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN);//返回值類型call.setReturnType(XMLType.XSD_STRING);//參數(shù)值StringretXML2=(String)call.invoke(newObject[]{"yczhang"});System.out.println(retXML2);實體類方式〔調用axis2的接口有點問題〕：UserEntityuserEntry=newUserEntity();userEntry.setId("yczhang");userEntry.setName("yczhang");Serviceservice=newService();Callcall=(Call)service.createCall();//wsdl地址call.setTargetEndpointAddress(newURL(wsdlUrl));//設定調用3分鐘不返回則超時call.setTimeout(newInteger(180000)); //命名空間(wsdl文件中的targetNameSpace屬性值)以及方法名call.setOperationName(newQName("://com","sayHelloToUser"));//注冊SimpleObject的序列化類型QNameqn=newQName("urn:BeanService","UserEntity");call.registerTypeMapping(UserEntity.class,qn,newBeanSerializerFactory(UserEntity.class,qn),newBeanDeserializerFactory(UserEntity.class,qn));//參數(shù)類型〔可省略〕call.addParameter("requestParam",org.apache.axis.encoding.XMLType.XSD_ANYTYPE,ParameterMode.IN);//返回值類型call.setReturnType(XMLType.XSD_BOOLEAN);BooleanretXML1=(Boolean)call.invoke(newObject[]{userEntry});System.out.println(retXML1);注意，實體類方式，當調用的是由axis2方式所發(fā)布的接口時，容易出現(xiàn)問題，表現(xiàn)在所傳遞的實體類的屬性內容為null，但在該實體類內新建一屬性傳如該值時，卻有值。應該是axis1對axis2的不兼容問題。并且調用axis2的接口時，需要在客戶端寫出namespace，即：//call.setOperationName(newQName("://localhost:9080/WS_Axis/services/axisTest","sayHelloToUser"));該種調用方式對于axis1的接口沒問題。泰康工程最終使用的是axis1發(fā)布的接口，并使用該種方式調用的。publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsServiceException,MalformedURLException,RemoteException{ StringwsdlUrl="://localhost:9080/WS_Axis/services/axisTest?wsdl"; //實體類Useruser=newUser(); user.setId("1"); user.setAdd("test"); user.setName("test"); user.setPath("test"); Serviceservice=newService(); Callcall=(Call)service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(newURL(wsdlUrl));//設定調用3分鐘不返回則超時 call.setTimeout(newInteger(180000)); //call.setOperationName(newQName("://localhost:9080/WS_Axis/services/axisTest","sayHelloToUser")); //注冊SimpleObject的序列化類型〔urn:BeanService在wsdd文件內有配置〕 QNameqn=newQName("urn:BeanService","User"); call.registerTypeMapping(User.class,qn,newBeanSerializerFactory(User.class,qn),newBeanDeserializerFactory(User.class,qn));//方法名 call.setOperationName("sayHelloToUser");//“user〞是接口服務