疾病概論ConspectusofDisease河科大醫(yī)學(xué)院病理學(xué)與病理生理學(xué)教研室1ConspectusofDiseaseConceptofhealthanddiseaseEtiologyofdiseasePathogenesisofdiseaseOutcomeofdisease2Health健康是指不僅沒(méi)有疾病,而且是一種軀體上、精神上和社會(huì)上的完好狀態(tài)。Healthindicatesnotonlywithouanyevidenceofdisease,butalsoastateofcompletewell-beingphysically,psychologicallyandsocially.3Health健康是指不僅沒(méi)有疾病,而且是一種軀體上、精神上和社會(huì)上的完好狀態(tài)。Healthindicatesnotonlywithouanyevidenceofdisease,butalsoastateofcompletewell-beingphysically,psychologicallyandsocially.4Health健康是指不僅沒(méi)有疾病,而且是一種軀體上、精神上和社會(huì)上的完好狀態(tài)。Healthindicatesnotonlywithouanyevidenceofdisease,butalsoastateofcompletewell-beingphysically,psychologicallyandsocially.5Health健康是指不僅沒(méi)有疾病,而且是一種軀體上、精神上和社會(huì)上的完好狀態(tài)。Healthindicatesnotonlywithouanyevidenceofdisease,butalsoastateofcompletewell-beingphysically,psychologicallyandsocially.6Health健康是指不僅沒(méi)有疾病,而且是一種軀體上、精神上和社會(huì)上的完好狀態(tài)。Healthindicatesnotonlywithouanyevidenceofdisease,butalsoastateofcompletewell-beingphysically,psychologicallyandsocially.7經(jīng)常保持微笑

和飽滿的精神狀態(tài)8保持高度的自信心9要有目標(biāo)和追求10該樂(lè)的時(shí)候

也要樂(lè)一樂(lè)11Health健康是指不僅沒(méi)有疾病,而且是一種軀體上、精神上和社會(huì)上的完好狀態(tài)。Healthindicatesnotonlywithouanyevidenceofdisease,butalsoastateofcompletewell-beingphysically,psychologicallyandsocially.12要樂(lè)于

助人13學(xué)會(huì)和別人一起分享喜悅14學(xué)會(huì)和各種人愉快的相處15經(jīng)常和別人合作并從中獲得樂(lè)趣16要學(xué)會(huì)寬恕他人17要有幾個(gè)知心朋友18要尊重弱者19最后，不要為錢所累20Idealism(唯心論）PopularviewpointAncientIndianMedicineAncientChineseMedicineGenerallyacceptedconceptDifferentviewpointaboutdisease21Disease在病因作用下，機(jī)體的穩(wěn)態(tài)破壞而發(fā)生的異常生命活動(dòng)Abnormallifeprocessofderegulated

homeostasiscausedbyharmfulagents

22Sub-healthSub-healthhealthdisease23在很多疾病中出現(xiàn)的共同的、成套的病理變化

PathologicalprocessSomecommonandcollectivepathologicalalterationspresentedinagroupofdisease24EtiologyofDisease25Etiology研究疾病發(fā)生的原因和條件及其作用機(jī)制26

疾病發(fā)生的原因

引起疾病并賦予該疾病特征的因素27

致病特點(diǎn)致病取決于機(jī)體的感受性受機(jī)體免疫功能的影響入侵門(mén)戶及繁殖部位不同BiologicalagentsKindsandcharacteristicsofcausativefactors2829

致病特點(diǎn)致病取決于機(jī)體的感受性受機(jī)體免疫功能的影響入侵門(mén)戶及繁殖部位不同BiologicalagentsKindsandcharacteristicsofcausativefactors30

致病特點(diǎn)常只引起疾病的發(fā)生常沒(méi)有明顯的潛伏期一般沒(méi)有器官選擇性Physicalagents31

致病特點(diǎn)常有器官選擇性在體內(nèi)有積蓄作用致病與機(jī)體的解毒和排泄功能有關(guān)Chemicalagents32Nutritionalagents營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)缺乏基本物質(zhì)缺乏微量元素缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩33Geneticfactors*遺傳物質(zhì)改變致病基因突變引起分子病染色體畸變引起染色體病遺傳易感性34Congenitalfactors*作用于胎兒的有害因素圖：唇裂圖：無(wú)腦兒35Immunologicalfactorshypersensitivityautoimmunityimmunodeficiency36PsychologicalfactorsSocialfactors37Kindsandcharacteristicsofcausativefactorsbiologicalagentsphysicalagentschemicalagentsnutritionalagentsgeneticfactorscongenitalfactorsimmunologicalfactorspsychologicalfactorssocialfactors38疾病發(fā)生的條件影響疾病發(fā)生的因素39原因與條件的關(guān)系原因在條件的基礎(chǔ)上起作用原因與條件是相對(duì)的40PathogenesisofDisease411.Reversalroleofcauseandresult

因果交替

原因1結(jié)果1原因2結(jié)果2原因3……Generalruleforpathogenesisofdisease42外傷大出血血容量↓血壓↓交感N興奮血管收縮組織缺血微循環(huán)淤血……特點(diǎn)鏈?zhǔn)桨l(fā)展有主導(dǎo)環(huán)節(jié)43外傷大出血血容量↓血壓↓交感N興奮血管收縮組織缺血微循環(huán)淤血……