Unit2TheUniversalLanguageUnit2Theuniversallanguage必備知識核心詞匯pose；transform；adaptation；defend；greet；distant；expectation；enthusiastic；prediction；depress；possess；tearapart；throwin；consistof；allofasudden；turnout；bewellreceived；streaminto；breakinto核心語法動詞ing形式作主語和賓語語篇海報(bào)、電子郵件、簡介等文體的寫作和結(jié)構(gòu)特征表達(dá)倒敘，以電子郵件形式選擇得體的語言形式進(jìn)行有效溝通關(guān)鍵能力通過分類理解和記憶詞匯通過音樂陶冶性情，聽英文歌曲提升學(xué)習(xí)興趣通過圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集與音樂相關(guān)的信息學(xué)科素養(yǎng)能向同伴口頭介紹自己喜歡的歌手和樂隊(duì)運(yùn)用擬人的修辭手法描述聽音樂的體驗(yàn)核心價值了解中外音樂領(lǐng)域的基本知識理解和欣賞優(yōu)秀音樂作品發(fā)現(xiàn)并理解音樂作品中所包含的文化元素及其內(nèi)涵引言解讀Musicgivesinspiration,torise.釋義：音樂給人靈感，給人奮起。啟示：音樂是人類的通用語言，它可以給人們帶來交流溝通的無障礙。中學(xué)生是祖國的未來，健全的身心是其全面發(fā)展的前提，民族振興需要德智體美勞的綜合提升。國際通用語言包含音樂及肢體語言的把握至關(guān)重要。名句積累1．Musicshouldmakethespiritofthehumansparkburst.音樂應(yīng)當(dāng)使人類的精神爆出火花。2．Musicisthesecondlanguageofmankind.音樂是人類的第二語言。3．Musicisthebestchargeronthetrip!音樂是旅途上最好的充電器!4．Musicisamirrorofthesoul,andismercilessmirror.音樂是心靈的鏡子，而且是鐵面無情的鏡子。5．Attheendofthelanguageiswherethemusicesin.語言的盡頭是音樂出現(xiàn)的地方。在“人與社會”的主題語境下,探討了世界各國的音樂文化。涉及的語篇類型多樣，有海報(bào)、電子郵件、雜志文章以及簡介等。本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，旨在幫助學(xué)生深刻認(rèn)識音樂是一種無國界的語言，是文化的重要組成部分；欣賞音樂可以了解不同文化，增強(qiáng)文化意識。語篇品讀Theearliestformsofmusicwereprobablydrumbased,percussioninstrumentsbeingthemostreadilyavailableatthetime.Thesesimplestofsimpleinstrumentsarethoughttohavebeenusedinreligiousceremoniesasrepresentationsofanimals.Therewasnonotationorwritingofthiskindof"music"anditssoundscanonlybeextrapolatedfromthemusicofAmericanIndiansandAfricannativeswhostilladheretosomeoftheancientreligiouspractices.Asforthemoreadvancedinstruments,theirevolutionwasslowandsteady.Itisknownthatby4000BCEtheEgyptianshadcreatedharpsandflutes,andby3500BCElyresanddoublereededclarinetshadbeendeveloped.InDenmark,by2500BCEanearlyformofthetrumpethadbeendeveloped.Thistrumpetiswhatisnowknownasa"naturaltrumpet."Itisvalveless,anddependspletelyonmanipulationofthelipstochangepitch.Oneofthemostpopularinstrumentstodaywascreatedin1500BCEbytheHittites.Iamtalkingabouttheguitar.Thiswasagreatstep;theuseoffretstochangethepitchofavibratingstringwouldleadtolaterinstrumentssuchastheviolinandharpsichord.In800BCEthefirstrecoveredpieceofrecordedmusicwasfound.Itwaswrittenincuneiformandwasareligioushymn.Itshouldbenotedthatcuneiformisnotatypeofmusicalnotation.By700BCEtherearerecordsofsongsthatincludevocalswithinstrumentals.Thisaddedawholenewdimensiontomusic:acpaniment.全文翻譯最早的音樂形式可能是以鼓為基礎(chǔ)的，打擊樂器是當(dāng)時最容易獲得的。這些最簡單的樂器被認(rèn)為在宗教儀式中被用作動物的象征。這種“音樂”沒有符號或文字，它的聲音只能從美洲印第安人和非洲原住民的音樂中推斷出來，他們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持一些古老的宗教習(xí)俗。至于更先進(jìn)的儀器，它們的發(fā)展緩慢而穩(wěn)定。眾所周知，到公元前4000年，埃及人已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了豎琴和長笛，到了公元前3500年，七弦琴和雙簧單簧管已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來。在丹麥，到公元前2500年，喇叭的早期形式已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來。這種小號現(xiàn)在被稱為“天然小號”。它是無瓣的，完全依靠操縱嘴唇來改變音高。今天最流行的樂器之一是赫梯人在公元前1500年創(chuàng)造的。我說的是吉他。這是一個偉大的步驟；使用音品來改變振動弦的音高將導(dǎo)致后來的樂器，如小提琴和大鍵琴。公元前800年，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一首復(fù)原的錄音音樂。它是用楔形文字寫成的，是一首宗教贊美詩。需要注意的是，楔形文字不是一種音樂符號。到公元前700年，已經(jīng)有了包括人聲和樂器的歌曲記錄。這為音樂增加了一個全新的維度：伴奏。詞塊積累1.percussionn.打擊樂器2.religiousadj.宗教的3.representationn.代表，陳述4.extrapolatev.外推，推斷5.clarinetn.單簧管6.trumpetn.喇叭，小號7.valvelessadj.無閥的8.vibratev.(使)振動語篇品讀China’sstrength,confidenceandhospitalityonfulldisplayat19thAsianGamess://globaltimes/（高考題源報(bào)刊）InHangzhou,Chinahas,onceagain,dazzleddomesticandinternationalaudiencesnotonlywithitsfuturisticopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames,itsathletes'spiritofstrivingforexcellenceandChinesepeople'ssolidarityinprovidingasportsfeastforthewholeAsiaandtheworld.ThecountryalsosucceededinusingthefirstmajorsportseventtobehostedonitssoilafterCOVID19restrictionstoshowcaseitsusualopenness,inclusivenessandhospitality.Aglamorousceremony,aswellasthewellorchestratedarrangementfortheGamesalsodemonstratedChina'sstrongculturalconfidence,growingnationalstrengthandtopnotchinnovativecapacity,defyingcohortsofChinasmearingfromWesternmedia,saidexperts.OnthefirstdayoftheAsianGames,Chinagrabbed13goldmedals,outof31onoffer,fromrowing,shooting,modernpentathlon,wushu,andothers.TeamChinabaggedthefirstgoldmedalofthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouinthewomen'slightweightdoublescullsatFuyangWaterSportsCentreonSundaymorning,inlessthan10minutesafterthestartofthefirstmatchday.Sincethe2002AsianGamesheldinBusan,SouthKorea,theChinesedelegationhasclaimedthefirstgoldmedalforsixconsecutiveAsianGamesforover20years.RajaRandhirSingh,actingpresidentoftheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA),toldtheGlobalTimesduringanewsconferenceonSundaythatheisextremelyimpressedbytheHangzhouAsianGames,especiallywiththeopeningceremony,thecoordinationbetweentheOCAandtheGamesorganizersandtheavailabletechnologylikethecontactlessIDcards.WhendiscussingSaturdaynight'sopeningceremony,Singhusedthewords"absolutelyphenomenal.""WhatIwouldliketomentionparticularlyissomethingthatisverynewthistime,"hesaid."Normally,youwouldhavetowalkaroundwithyourparticipantcardandscanandwaitforit.ButnotinHangzhou."WithHangzhou'scontactlessparticipantIDcard,allparticipantscanjustwalkthroughanyentrancewithithangingaroundtheneck,hesaid.全文翻譯中國的實(shí)力、信心和熱情好客在第19屆亞運(yùn)會上充分展現(xiàn)在杭州，中國再次讓國內(nèi)外觀眾眼花繚亂，不僅是第19屆亞運(yùn)會未來主義的開幕式，中國運(yùn)動員追求卓越的精神，以及中國人民團(tuán)結(jié)一致為整個亞洲和世界提供體育盛宴的精神。該國還成功地利用新冠肺炎限制措施后在其領(lǐng)土上舉辦的第一場大型體育賽事來展示其一貫的開放性、包容性和熱情好客。專家們表示，一場魅力四射的儀式，以及精心安排的奧運(yùn)會，也展示了中國強(qiáng)大的文化自信、不斷增長的國力和一流的創(chuàng)新能力，無視西方媒體對中國的誹謗。在亞運(yùn)會的第一天，中國共獲得了賽艇、射擊、現(xiàn)代五項(xiàng)、武術(shù)等31枚金牌中的13枚。周日上午，在第一個比賽日開始后不到10分鐘的時間里，中國隊(duì)在富陽水上運(yùn)動中心舉行的女子輕量級雙人雙槳比賽中奪得了杭州第19屆亞運(yùn)會的首枚金牌。自2002年在韓國釜山舉行的亞運(yùn)會以來，中國代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)連續(xù)六屆奪得首枚金牌，這是20多年來的第一次。亞洲奧林匹克理事會代理主席RajaRandhirSingh在周日的新聞發(fā)布會上告訴《環(huán)球時報(bào)》，他對杭州亞運(yùn)會印象深刻，尤其是開幕式、亞奧理事會與奧運(yùn)會組織者之間的協(xié)調(diào)以及非接觸式身份證等可用技術(shù)。在討論周六晚上的開幕式時，辛格使用了“絕對非凡”的字眼。他說：“我想特別提到的是，這一次非常新鮮的事情?！薄！巴ǔＧ闆r下，你必須拿著參與者卡四處走動，掃描并等待。但在杭州不行。”他說，有了杭州的非接觸式參與者身份證，所有參與者都可以脖子上掛著身份證穿過任何入口。句式仿寫1.為了取暖，這個水手坐在火堆旁，一只光腳摩擦另一只。2.好的制度政策實(shí)際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。3.這項(xiàng)研究表明我們成長的文化影響我們看待周圍世界的基本環(huán)節(jié)。Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言介紹幾個著名的音樂節(jié)★★★Amusicfestivalisamunityeventmainlyaboutliveperformancesofsingingandinstrumentplayingthatisoftenpresentedwithamainidea.Onthelistarethemusicfestivalsforfansaroundtheworld.Findyourfavouritenow!FieldDayJanuary1,2018,SydneyFieldDaymeansNewYear’sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.Seenasthecity’soriginal(獨(dú)特的)outdoorparty,it’sagatheringoffriendsingtogetherforagreatfunfilledfirstdayoftheyear.There’sanairofhopeandactiveenergyonaperfectsummer’sday.EnvisionFestivalFebruary2126,2018,UvitaTheEnvisionFestivalisanannualeventinCostaRicathatwantstoprovideachancefordifferentculturestoworkwithoneanothertocreateabettermunity.Thefestivalencouragespeopletopractiseart,musicanddanceperformances.Atthesametime,ourconnection(聯(lián)系)withnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.McDowellMountainMusicFestivalMarch24,2018,PhoenixTheMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalisPhoenix’smusicalcelebrationofmunityculture.Sinceitsfoundingin2004,itistheonly100%nonprofit(非營利的)musicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethemunity.Thefestivalattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyearfromaroundthecountry,anditisanopportunitytoexperiencetrueculture.OldSettler’sMusicFestivalApril1922,2018,TilmonTheOldSettler’sMusicFestivalisanationallyknownmusicfestivalforAmericanmusic.ThefestivalisheldinTilmon,Texasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.TheOldSettler’sMusicFestivaloffersgreatmusicandactivitiesforthewholefamily.1．WhichcityshouldyougotoifyouintendtoparticipateinamusicfestivalinJanuary?A．Sydney.B．Uvita.C．Phoenix.D．Tilmon.2．WhatisspecialabouttheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival?A．Itencouragespeopletoreceiveeducation.B．Itisnotheldtomakemoney.C．Itprovidesachanceforfriendstomeeteachother.D．Itfocusesonculturespread.3．Whichfestivalsareconnectedwithnature?A．FieldDayandEnvisionFestival.B．EnvisionFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalC．OldSettler’sMusicFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.D．EnvisionFestivalandOldSettler’sMusicFestival.Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言與交際語言和音樂的關(guān)系★★★★Howsimilararelanguageandmusic?Languageispartofourdailylives,nomatterwhereweliveintheworld.4Bothlanguageandmusicplayahugeroleinourcultureandherearesomeoftheirsimilarities.Bothlanguageandmusichaveawritingsystem.InEnglishwerecordlanguageusingthealphabet,whichisacollectionofletters.Similarly,weusenotes(音符)tokeeparecordofmusic.Musiciansreadnotesandcreatemeaningintheformofmusic.5Bywritingpiecesoftextormusic,weareabletoshareexperiencesthroughtime.Wecanreadtheideasorheartheposition(作品)ofsomeonewholivedhundredsofyearsago.6Youcanmakeagoodguessatwheresomeoneisfrombylisteningtothelanguageheuses.Inthesameway,weknowthatstylesofmusicaredifferentaroundtheworld,givingustheopportunitytoexploremanydifferentculturesthroughtheirmusicandprovidinguswithmusicforeverysituation.Bothshareemotion.7Ofcourseyoumaybeabletoseeitinmyface,butyouwillknowforsurethroughmywords.Similarly,musiccansoundangry,sadorhappy.Musiccanshowyouexactlyhowtheposerwasorisfeeling,andallowsustosharethatemotion.Whenyoufeelhappy,youmightwanttosinganddancetoahappysongtocelebrateyourhappiness.8Ithinkwehaveallusedmusictoexpressorprocessouremotions,oftenbiningitwithlanguageintheformofsonglyrics(歌詞).A．Bothareexpressive.B．Bothvarywithculture.C．HowdoyouknowthatIamangry?D．Weuselanguagetoexpressourthoughts.E．Similarly,musicispartofmanypeople’slives.F．SojustasyoureadEnglish,youcanreadmusic.G．Incontrast,youprobablyalsolistentosadmusicwhenyouarefeelingdown.Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會傳統(tǒng)文化中國傳統(tǒng)樂器三弦及三弦演奏家趙太生★★★★ZhaoTaisheng,theprincipalsanxianplayerintheHongKongChineseOrchestra(HKCO),hasamission9(keep)thetraditionalinstrument,sanxian,aliveand10(devote)hiscareertoperfectinghisskillontheinstrumentandpreservingthisancientartsincehegraduatedfromcollege.MusicianZhaoTaishengcallshisfavoredinstrument—thesanxian,orthreestringedlute—avoiceforhisemotions,avehicleforcharmandhonor,11atickettoaneventfullife.Heregardsthesanxian12animportantpartofChinesefolkmusictradition.Heexplainsthat,intheearlydecadesofthe2Othcentury,thenumberofstudentsofthesanxian

13(be)similartothatofthosestudyingothertraditionalChinesestringinstrumentssuchasthepipaorguzheng.However,theinstrumentbegantolose14(popular)withtheadoptionofWesternorchestrastyles,whichpreferredsofterharmonies.Infact,thesanxianhas15attractiveappearance:ltisusuallyaround120centimeterslong,andhasthreestringsstretchedoverafingerboard,16allowsforextensiveglissando,ortheglidefromonepitchtoanother.Likemostfolktraditions,itisdifficulttotracetheoriginsofthesanxian.Bysome17(account),itmaydatebacktotheQinDynasty(221207BC).ImagesofsimilarinstrumentscanbefoundinaSouthernSongDynasty(11271279)sculpture,andthecharacters18(literal)mean“threestrings”,firstappearedinaMingDynasty(13681644)text.I.教材語篇梳理fortfoodWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?Whoistheauthor?MainideaofeachparagraphAlice'semailParagraph1:IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLoverslastnight.Paragraph2:ThestoryandmusicofButterflyLoversworkwelltogether.Paragraph3:ButterflyLoversillustrateshowwonderfullyChineseandWestern.Harry'semailParagraph1:Myhostfamilyintroducesmetocountrymusic.Paragraph2:Countrymusichasalonghistory.Paragraph3:CountrymusicsuggestsapeacefulandsimplelifeinruralAmerica.Paragraph4:Youshouldlistentosomecountrymusic.MainideaofthetextThetextisaboutthetwofamousmusicbetweenChinaandwesterncountry.II.課文語法填空Twoexchangestudentsarediscoveringnewmusicintheirhostcountries.Aliceintroducesabeautifulviolinconcerto1.(pose)byHeZhanhaoandChenGang.ItstitleisButterflyLovers,2.canbecalledaChineseversionofRomeoandJuliet.ItbinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements：it3.(play)onWesterninstruments,butmuchofthemusichasits4.(root)inChineseYueOpera.Theunique5.(bine)makesAlicerealizethatmusicisauniversallanguage.Fromthehostfamily，HarryYulearnsalotaboutcountrymusic.It6.(bee)popularinthe7.(south)partofAmericainthe1940sandthenquicklyspread8.thenation.Mostofthesongsareabouthardshipandheartbreak.Peoplecanfeelanemotionalconnectionbetweenthemselves9.themusicians，andthesimpletunesofthemusicareoftenvery10.(suggest)ofcountrysidesurroundings.閱讀微技能1.Infertheunknown推斷未知Basedontheknownandinferringtheunknown,thecorrectchoicewilldefinitelyfindabasisorreasonintheoriginaltext2.Avoidsubjectiveassumptions不要主觀臆斷Avoidsubjectiveassumptionsandreplacetheauthor'sviewpointwithone'sownideas;Avoidexcessiveinference,avoidartificiallyplicatingtheproblem,andmakemultistepinference.Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言與飲食飲食的改變產(chǎn)生新的語音★★★★★（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.1．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety. B．Itsdistribution. C．Itsquantity. D．Itsdevelopment.2．Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.3．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.4．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivemunication. B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisaplexanddynamicsystem. D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會藝術(shù)音樂對身體的好處★★★閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2021·北京卷閱讀理解七選五）Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．5Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．6However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．7Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推測）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．8Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．9Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A．Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B．Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C．Thisideaisalittleoffthewallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D．Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E．Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwellbeingarereallyimpressive．F．Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G．Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會生活與學(xué)習(xí)克服恐懼單簧管演奏★★★★★(2022天津卷)WhenIwasinsixthgrade,Ijoinedthebandprogramtolearntoplaytheclarinet(單簧管).Thebeginningoftheyearhadgone10.Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.Oneday,whenmyteachertoldustoplayinfrontoftheotherstudents,Iwasfilledwithfear.IknewIwould11.WhenIbegantoplay,myrhythms(節(jié)奏)weregood,butmytonewasanother12.“Didyoupracticeyourlesson?”theteacherbarkedatme.Ifeltso13andmyworldcame14downinaninstant.Fromthenon,IhatedplayingtheclarinetandIkeptgetting15.Withthedayofthenewperformanceapproaching,I