定

語

兒

句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：1.重點(diǎn)：限制性和非限制性定語從句區(qū)別2.

難點(diǎn)：

as

和which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)典型例題解析：(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞：定語從句在從句中起定語作用，修飾句中的某一名詞或代詞，被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句需用下列關(guān)聯(lián)詞：關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞起連詞作用，本身又作從句中的主語、賓

語、表語或定語起連接作用，本身又在從句中作時(shí)間、

地點(diǎn)或原因狀語who,whom(

…

的人)whose(某人的..)which(.東西，指物)that(

…

的人或物，指

物或人)as(象

…

.那樣的，和...

相同，正如)when

(

…

的時(shí)候，修

飾的時(shí)間名詞)where

(

…

的地方修飾

場(chǎng)所、方位等名詞)why(

…

原因；

…

理由)2、定語從句例句解析：定語從句中主要考察

學(xué)生使用關(guān)系詞的能力，所以掌握關(guān)系詞的含義及使用規(guī)則是十分必要的。(1)

The

man

who/that

looked

funny

wasCharlie

Chaplin.(2)The

man

who/that

carried

a

stick

was

Charlies

Chaplin.(who,that

指人，在從句中作主語)(2)

The

man(

whom/who/that)my

mothersaw

in

the

street

is

my

teacher.(whom,who,that

指人，在從句中作賓語，也可省

略

)(3)

The

book

which/that

tells

us

about

theearth

is

interesting.(which,that

指物，在從句中作主語，不可省略)(4)

The

building(which/that)

he

referred

to

isbeautiful.(which,that

指物，在從句中作賓語，可省略)(5)

She

lives

in

a

house

whose

windows

face

so

uth.

=She

lives

in

a

house

of

which

the

windows

facesouth.(whose

指物，在從句中作windows

的定語)6)

The

company

will

employ

a

person

whoseEnglish

is

good.(whose

在從句中指人，作定語)(7)

I'll

never

forget

the

first

day

when

I

c

ameto

Bao'

an

Middle

School.(when指時(shí)間，在從句中做時(shí)間狀語)(

8)

I

won't

forget

the

village

where

myfather

was

born.(where

指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語)(

9)

Tell

me

the

reason

why

you

came

late.(why表示原因，在從句中作原因狀語)以上是對(duì)連接定語從句的關(guān)

系詞作的分析，引導(dǎo)定語從句的

關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、表語

或定語，作賓語時(shí)可省略，關(guān)系副詞是做狀語，有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和

原因狀語。3、

定語從句注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)that指物時(shí)一般可以與which

互換，但在下列情況中一般不可以用which。①當(dāng)先行詞為all,much,little,few,

none,som

ething,

anything,

everything,

nothing等不定代詞

時(shí)，如：a.

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.b.

I

am

sure

she

has

something(that)

youcan

borrow.c.

There

is

little

(that)

she

can

do

but

wait.②

先行詞被all,every,

any,no,

some,

any,little,

much

修飾時(shí)：I'

ve

read

all

the

books

(that)

you

gave

meYou

can

take

any

book

(that)

you

like.③

先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This

is

the

first

composition

(that)

he

has

written

in

English.It'

s

the

best

movie

(that)

I

have

ever

seen.④

先行詞被the

only,the

very,

the

last修飾時(shí)That

white

flower

is

the

only

one

(that)Ireally

like.This

is

the

very

book

(that)

I

want

to

find.⑤

先行詞是疑問詞who,which,what

時(shí)，定語從句用that而

不

用who(whom)

和which

引導(dǎo)。Who

is

the

person

that

is

standing

at

the

gate?Which

of

us

that

knows

something

about

physics

does

notknow

this?What

that

is

on

the

table

belongs

to

me?⑥

當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞

時(shí)，這個(gè)定語從句要用that而不用who(whom)

和which引導(dǎo)。如：He

talked

about

the

teachers

and

school

thathehad

visited.⑦

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)：Mary

is

no

longer

the

girl

(that)

she

used

to

be.Shenzhen

is

no

longer

the

town

that

it

used

to

be.T

Aafisf

i

uCHAPLINNon-restrictiveattributiveclauseTWE

OtFINITIVC

COLLCGTON3w限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。①

限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起限制、確定的作用，是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整，不明確或不

合邏輯。這種定語從句和主句之間不能用逗

號(hào)隔開。The

man

who

came

here

yesterday

has

comeagain.關(guān)系副詞when

和why

用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，在口語和非正式文體中可以省去，但是

where

通常不可以省去。如：Be

sure

to

call

on

us

next

time

(when)you

come

to

town.This

is

one

of

the

reasons(why)

you

maylike

to

eat

it.②

非限制性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系松散，

只是對(duì)先行詞作附加說明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。這種定語從句和主句之間須用逗號(hào)隔開。如：Abraham

Lincoln,

who

led

the

UnitedStates

through

these

years,

was

murdered

onApril

14,1865.Charlie

Chaplin

,who

died

in

1977,

was

oneof

the

world's

greatest

actors.He

lives

in

another

town,

which

is

onlyapo

ut

an

hour's

ride

from

here.Soon

they

arrived

at

a

farmhouse,

in

frontu

which

sat

a

small

boy.They

set

up

a

separate

state

of

their

own,where

they

would

be

free

to

keep

blacks

assaves.注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that,指人時(shí)用who

(主語),whom

(賓語),指物時(shí)須用which.只能用which不能用that的情況①

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾某物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)。如：a.Bruce

went

toward

the

fire,

which

was

stillnoking.He

came

late

again,

which

made

the

bossangry.②先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且介詞前置。如：Thisis

the

house

in

which

Chaplin

lived.如果介詞后置：This

is

the

house

which

Chaplin

lived

in.或是thatThis

is

the

house

where

Chaplin

lived.(5)先行詞被the

same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用as也可用that,

但意義不同，前者是“同樣

的",后者是“同一的”。試比較：This

is

the

same

book

as

I

lent

you

yesterday.這是我昨天借給你的那種書。This

is

the

same

book

that

I

lent

you

yesterday.這是我昨天借給你的那本書。(6)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why

其含義相當(dāng)于which,

in

which,for

which,

所以可以交替使用

。如

：The

day

on

which

I

met

him

first

waswhenMay

1st.The

year

in

which

I

came

here

was

2000.whenThe

reason

why

he

was

late

was

that

hegot

up

late.for

which(7

)有時(shí)可用that代替關(guān)系副詞，在口語中?？梢允÷?。如：This

is

the

reason

(why/for

which)

hecame

late.This

is

the

way

(that/in

which)

he

did

it.(8)關(guān)系代詞as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句代表整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，

as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于

句首或句末；

which

引導(dǎo)的定語從句卻不能位于

句首。如：As

we

have

seen,

oceans

cover

more

than70%

of

the

earth.As

is

known

to

all,

Taiwan

is

a

part

ofChina.He

was

late

for

school,

as

often

happened.The

elephant

is

like

a

snake,

as

anybody

canHe

failed

in

the

exam,

as

(=which)

ismatural.The

young

man

cheated

his

friend

ofmu

ch

money,

which

was

disgraceful.(不光彩的

)He

was

always

late

for

school,

whichmade

his

teacher

angry.用于the

same

…as,such

…as,as

…as

….中，as

引導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式。①

I

have

the

same

book

as

you

(have).②

He

is

of

the

same

age

as

you

(are).③

I

have

never

seen

such

a

lazy

man

as

you.④

Take

as

many

as

you

want.⑤

Here

is

so

big

a

stone

as

no

man

can

lift.⑥

This

is

such

a

book

as

was

given

to

me.關(guān)系代詞as

在定從句中可作主語賓語或狀語?！鶎?duì)這兩個(gè)詞作如下歸納：1.如果定語放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.He

failed

to

the

exam,

as

(=which)

is

natural.She

seems

a

scientist,

as

(=which)

in

fact

she

is.2.如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用as而不用hich引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：As

we

all

know,

his

brother

went

to

America

lastyear.3、as代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有"正如

…

"

之意，而which沒有此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常是

ex

pect,

know,

see,

think,

want,

suppose等。He

won

the

match,

as

we

had

expected.He

agreed

to

the

plan,

as

was

to

be

expected.The

police

were

looking

for

him,

as

hehought.a.

He

cheated

his

friend

of

much

money,which

was

very

disgraceful.b.

He

came

back

late,

which

made

hisworriedmother.4、

如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或者說導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，則用which.練習(xí)題1.All_that

is

useful

to

us

is

good.2.Is

this

factory

_the

onewe

visited

last

week.3

、She

will

never

forget

the

day

which/tlshespent

in

Beijing.4.This

is

the

school

_where