沖刺2021年中考英語(yǔ)題型預(yù)測(cè)與滿分挑戰(zhàn)專練05

序號(hào)題型主題語(yǔ)境話題

1閱讀理解人與自然太空種植蔬菜

2閱讀理解人與社會(huì)人體依賴糖的原因

3閱讀理解人與社會(huì)中國(guó)的網(wǎng)站的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格

4完型填空人與社會(huì)圖書管理員的友好相助

5書面表達(dá)人與自我如何有效地解決日常生活中閱讀的困難

一、閱讀理解

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Whatwillastronauts（宇航員）eatwhenaspacetriptakesyears?

“Lotsoffreshvegetables,saysDr.JanetWilliams,whoseteamhavespentthelast10yearslearninghowto

growplantsinaspacestation.Andit'sagoodthingthatshehasalreadystartedherwork,becausespacegardening

canbereallyhard.

Asusual,astronautGeorgeWhitelookedintotheclosedplantroom.HehadplantedDr.Williams's

quick-growingseedlingsinit,butnoneofthestemswereshowing.Heopenedtheroomtocheckandfoundthe

problem.Thestemsweren'tgrowingupwardandtherootsweren*tgrowingdownward.OnEarth,gravity（重力）

helpsaplant'sstemsandrootstofind"up"and"down”.However,inthespacestation,therewasalmostnogravity.

Dr.Williamssuggestedasolution:givetheplantsmorelight,asplantsalsousesunlighttofindtheirway.And

itworked.Whentheplantshadmorelight,thestemsturnedupandtherootswentdown.

NowDr.Williamswasfreetoworryaboutthenextproblem:Wouldherbabyplantslivetoflower?Canwe

growfoodonaspacejourney?

Manyplantsdiedinthespacestation.Dr.Williamsthoughtsheknewwhy:thespaceplantswerehungryfor

air.PlantslivebytakingupCO?fromtheair.Sinceaplantusesitupintheairaround,theplantneedsmovingair

tobringmoreCO2closetoitssurface!OnEarth,theairisalwaysmoving.Gravitypullsdowncoldair,andwarm

airrises.Andwiththeseairmovements,plantsgetenoughCO2.

Manyearlierexperimentswithplantsinspacehadusedclosedrooms.Dr.Williamstriedanewgreenhousethat

hadafantokeeptheairmove.TheplantsloveditTheyfloweredandevenproducedmoreseeds.UsingDr.

Williams'smethod,astronautGeorgecompletedthefirstseed-to-seedexperimentinspace,andmovedoneplant

closertoagardeninspace.

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“Andthis,“saysDr.WiHiams,“isgoodnewsforlong-termspacetravel.”

1.WhyhaveDr.Williams'steamtriedtogrowplantsinspace?

A.Toproducefreshairforastronauts.

B.Tohelpastronautsrelaxthemselves.

C.Toprovidefoodforlongspacejourneys.

D.Tomakethespacegardenmorebeautiful.

2.HowdidlighthelpsolvetheproblemmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Itcausedthegravitytochange.

B.Itencouragedtheplantstogrowfaster.

C.Ithelpedtheplantstogrowintherightdirection.

D.Itshowedtheastronautswheretoplantvegetables.

3.Whydidmanyplantsdieinthespacestation?

A.Thelightwastoostrong.

B.TherewastoomuchCO2.

C.Therewasnotenoughroomtogrow.

D.Theairconditionwasnotgoodenough.

4.Theunderlinedword“it"inParagraph7refersto.

A.themovingairB.theclosedroomC.thespacejourneyD.thespacegarden

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutDr.Williams'steamfromthepassage?

A.Theymainlyliveonfreshvegetables.

B.Theyhavesuccessfullybuiltaspacegarden.

C.Theyinventedaspecialfanfortheirgreenhouse.

D.Theyhaveworkedonspacegardeningformanyyears.

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2

Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmaybeanaddiction（癮）.Whenweeatordrinksugaryfood,the

sugarentersourbloodandinfluencespartsofourbrainthatmakeusfeelgood.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,

leavinguswantingmore.Alldeliciousfooddothis,butsugarhasaspeciallystrongeffect.

HItseemslikeeverytimeIstudyanillnessandtraceapathtothefirstcause,Ifindmywaybacktosugar,'1

saysscientistRichardJohnson.One-thirdofadultsintheworldhavehighbloodpressureandupto347million

havetoomuchsugarintheirblood.Why?"Sugar,webelieve,isoneoftheculprits,ifnotthemainculprit,usays

Johnson.

Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtobeverygoodatstoringsugarasfat.Inthis

way,wehadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.Buttoday,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.Sothevery

thingthatoncesavedusmaynowbekillingus.

Sowhatisthesolution?Ifseasytoseethatweneedtoeatlesssugar.Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,ifsvery

difficulttoavoid.Moreandmorefoodsarefilledwithit.Someproducersevenusesugartoreplacetasteinfoods

thatareadvertisedaslowinfat.Thismaymakethefoodappearashealthier,butlargeamountofsugarareoften

added.

Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar.Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswith

healthierfoodlikefruit.Otherschoolsaregrowingtheirownfoodingardens,orbuildingplacesfbrstudentsand

othersinthecommunitytoexercise.Thebattlehasnotyetbeenlost.

6.Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?

A.Ouraddictiontosugar.B.Waystoavoidsugar.

C.Illnesscausedbysugar.D.Goodsugarvsbadsugar.

7.TheunderlinedwordculpritsinParagraph2istheclosestinmeaningto.

A.seriousdiseasesB.unknownthings

C.sweetfoodsD.causesoftheproblems

8.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitsohardtoavoidsugar?

A.Welikecandytoomuch.B.Itgivesusneededenergy.

C.Ifsinsomanyfoodsanddrinks.D.Wegetusedtoeatingitatschool.

9.Inwhichpageofanewspaperwillthispassagebefound?

A.Education.B.Sports.C.News.D.Health.

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3

WhydoChinesesiteslookdifferent?

WhenIfirststartedusingChinesewebsites,Iwasabitconfused（疑惑的）bytheirdesign.Popularsiteslike

TaobaoandJingdongarevery"busy"—theyarecoveredbylotsoflinksandflashingbanners（閃爍的橫幅廣告）.

Theyoftenincludedifferentbrightcolorsaswell,contrasting（形成對(duì)比）withthesimplecolorsofmostWestern

websites.

SowhyareChinesesitesdesignedthisway?SomesaythatChinesewebdesignhasn't"caughtup“tostandard

Westernwebdesignpractices.ButIdon'tthinkthisquiteexplainsit.SomeChinesesites,suchasBaidu,arequite

clean-looking.

Amoreconvincing（令人信服的）theoryhastodowiththeChineselanguage.They5renocapital（大寫的）

lettersorspacesinChinesewriting.ForeignerswhoarenotusedtoseeingthesethingsmightthinkthatChinese

textlooksverycrowded.

AnotherthingthatmakesChinesewebsiteslooksobusyisthelargenumberoflinks.Somesitesmighthave

hundredsoflinksontheirfrontpage.Again,thereisalanguage-relatedexplanation.ItisdifficulttotypeChinese

charactersonaRomanalphyabel-based（基于字母的）keyboard.Youhavetotypeouteachcharacterusingpinyin,

whichisdifficult.Soit'seasiertojustclickthelinkyouwant,insteadoftypingwhatyou'relookingfor.

Orperhapsitcouldjustbethatsometimespeoplepreferbusywebsites.ReadingJingdongislikesteppinginto

anoisystreetmarket.Sointhisway,ChineseInternetusersmightfeelrightathomewhenusingthesesites.

10.HowdoestheauthordescribemostChinesewebsites?

A.Theyhavewonderfullooks.B.Theyhavesimpledesigns.

C.Theyhavedifferentbrightcolors.D.Theyarequiteclean-looking.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,whyareChinesesitesdesignedthisway?

A.Becausetheyhaven5tcaughtupwithWesternstandards.

B.BecausetheyarebasedontheuseoftheRomanalphabet.

C.Tocreateacomfortableonlinestreetmarket.

D.TomakethemeasiertouseforChinesespeakers.

12.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofChinesewebsites?

A.Theyarenotwell-designed.B.Theylookquite"busy"and"noisy."

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C.Ifsalsoeasyforforeignerstousethem.D.Mostofthemlookbeautiful.

13.Whatdoesheunderlinedword"link"meaninChinese?

A.鏈接B.關(guān)系C.文字D.圖標(biāo)

14.Theauthormainlywantstotellus.

A.howtosearchforinformationonChinesewebsites.

B.WhyChinesewebsitesaredesignedthewaytheyare.

C.WhichcharacteristicstheChineselanguagehas.

D.WhatdifferencestherearebetweenWesternandChinesewebsites.

二、完型填空

WhenIwasinhighschool,myfamilymetwithalotofdifficultiesandIcouldn'taffordanyexpensivethings.

Ihadto15everywherebecauseIcouldn'tevenaffordabusticket.Ilovedtoread,butbuyinganynew

bookswascompletely16withmoneymainlyspentonschooling,andIwasboredwithre-reading（重讀）the

onesIhadathome.

Therewasonlyonelibrarythatwasafewminutes*walktomyschoolorhome,butIdidn'thavetheverysmall

amount（數(shù)量）moneywhichwasneededtobecomeaproper17、soforthehalfhourbetweenthetimeIleft

schoolandthetimethelibraryclosed,Iwould18theretopickupabookandreadinsideit.Iwouldtryto

rememberthe19sothattakethesamebookand20readingfromwhereIhadstoppedthe

followingday.Aweekslater,I21toreadacoupleofbooks.Thenthelibrarianstoppedmeoneday22

Ileft.Tomygreat23,shetoldmethatshehad24Icameineveryday.She'dalsoseenmelosing

myselfinbooks.She25myloveforreadingandlentmehermembercard.

Thankstoher,IwasabletoborrowasmanybooksasIlikedandhavesomethingnewtoread26at

homewheneverIwanted.Myfamily27laterandIneversawthatlibrarianagain,buttothisday,Ican't

forgetherandheractof28thatmademefeelbrightinaverydarktime.Isincerelythankherfor29

metogetenoughspiritual（精神的）food,whichinfluencedmegreatly.

15.A.lookB.goC.workD.walk

16.A.unpopularB.uselessC.impossibleD.inactive

17.A.librarianB.fanC.memberD.volunteer

18.A.hurryB.waitC.serveD.leave

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19.A.titleB.pageC.coverD.character

20.A.tryB.adviseC.continueD.practice

21.A.offeredB.preparedC.promisedD.managed

22.A.afterB.beforeC.ifD.unless

23.A.surpriseB.sadnessC.shameD.pride

24.A.expec