20232024非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之一ReviseThefunctionsoftheinfinitives.(復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式)相關(guān)課本單元知識(shí)：1必修Book3Unit4SpaceExploration2.必修Book3Unit2MoralsandVirtues3.選修Book3Unit1Art4.選修Book3Unit2HealthyLifestyle5.選修Book4Unit3SeaExploration概述：1.定義:動(dòng)詞不定式(Infinitive)是重要的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之一，由____________________構(gòu)成。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式“_________________________”。3.用法:動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以作___________________________________________。I.Readthefollowingsentencescontaininginfinitiveanddecidethefunctionoftheinfinitive.Function(功能):Example(例子):1.Tosuccesscallsforhardwork.成功需要付出艱苦的勞動(dòng)。2.It'sveryimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.掌握一門外語(yǔ)是很重要的。3.Themostimportantthingforadoctoristohealthewoundedandsavethedying.醫(yī)生最重要的職責(zé)是救死扶傷。4.YuanLongping’slifelongpursuitistokeepallthepeopleawayfromhunger.袁隆平的終身的追求是讓所有人遠(yuǎn)離饑餓。5.Wouldyouliketowatchafootballgamewithme?你愿意跟我去看足球嗎？6.Hefinditverydifficulttostandononefootforalongtime.他發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間單足站立很困難。7.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他總是最后一個(gè)離開辦公室。8.Wearebusyandweallhavealotofworktodoonweekends.我們都很忙，周末也有很多工作要做。9.Sheoftenhelphermother(to)dosomehouseworkonweekends.周末他經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。10.MissLiadvisedustoreadsomeEnglishmoviesduringsummerholiday.李老師提議我們暑假讀些英語(yǔ)小說。11.Manypeoplerushtothenewcitytolookforjobopportunity.很多人涌入這個(gè)城市來尋找就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。12.Afewyearslaterhecamehometofindthathishometownhadgreatlychanged.幾年之后他回到家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)那里發(fā)生了很大的變化。II.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式意義一般時(shí)todotobedone表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后順序。進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行。完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前且一直持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)。考點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)(TheinfinitiveastheSubject)I.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的用法：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的用法：例句：1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)一般表示____________________或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。若不定式太長(zhǎng)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將不定式后置。1.__________________________istoprotectourselves.(2022全國(guó)甲卷)保護(hù)海洋就是保護(hù)我們自己。2.____________________________________________ismygoalnow.進(jìn)入一所好大學(xué)深造是我現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)。3.Totakegoodcareoftheoldisourresponsibility.=____________________________________________.照顧好老人是我們的職責(zé)。II.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，常用It作形式主語(yǔ)的句型：1.Itis/was+adj.(形容詞)+(forsb.)todosth.做某事對(duì)某人是…...的此句型常用的形容詞有：easy,hard,difficult,important,essential,necessary,possible,impossible,dangerous等。①________________________________________________________________.在河里游泳對(duì)孩子們來說是很危險(xiǎn)的。2.Itis/was+adj.(形容詞)+(ofsb.)todosth.做某事對(duì)某人是…...的此句型常用的形容詞有：kind,nice,good,clever,right,wrong,lazy,wise,foolish,stupid,silly,brave,honest,careless,polite,impolite等。②_______________________________yourneighbourswithloudmusiclastnight.昨晚用大聲的音樂打擾你的鄰居是不禮貌的。3.Itis+名詞.(duty，responsibility,apity,apleasure,anhonor)+(forsb.)+todosth.做某事對(duì)某人是…的...③______________________________________________tomakeaspeechhere.

我很榮幸受邀請(qǐng)來這兒做演講。4.Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事(花某人)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.④Ittookyearsofwork______________________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.我們花費(fèi)了多年的時(shí)間致力于減少工業(yè)污染，潔凈水資源。5.Itisworthwhiletodosth./doingsth.某事值得做.=5\*GB3⑤______________________________________________suchameaningfulactivity.參加這么有意義的活動(dòng)是值得的。III.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子。1.一周之內(nèi)完成這篇對(duì)我們來說很困難。Itisdifficultforus_______________________________________________________.2.沒過多久，他就重新振作起來，繼續(xù)他的使命。(2022全國(guó)1卷)Itdidn’ttakehimalongtime______________________________________________.3.參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)很有益,因?yàn)樗虝?huì)了我們勞動(dòng)的重要性。Itisofgreatbenefit____________________________________,becauseittaughtustheimportanceofworkinghard.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)4.我很榮幸邀請(qǐng)你參加我們學(xué)校廣播站的英語(yǔ)節(jié)目“TalkandTalk”的采訪。(2022新高考1卷)__________________________________________________________ontheEnglishprogramTalkandTalkinourschool’sradiostation.5.我很榮幸發(fā)表題為《成為聰明的在線學(xué)習(xí)者》的研究。(2021全國(guó)乙卷)_____________________________________________titledBeSmartOnlineLearner.6.給我買了兩張世界杯門票你真是太好了。It’sveryniceofyou__________________________________fortheWorldCup.7.這對(duì)雙胞胎花費(fèi)了大約一個(gè)小時(shí)為媽媽做早餐。(2021新高考I卷)__________________________________________breakfastfortheirmother.8.對(duì)于學(xué)生們來說，提高學(xué)生自律能力迫在眉睫。(2021全國(guó)乙卷)Itisurgentforstudentthemselve________________________________________.9.對(duì)學(xué)生來說，閱讀英語(yǔ)書籍尤其是英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典書籍是必不可少的。(2022全國(guó)乙卷)_______________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)二、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)(AsthePredicative)I.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)的用法：____________________________________.1.不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃和安排將要發(fā)生的事情,說明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容、目的。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,purpose,goal,ambition,dream,hope,idea,wish,plan,job,work,decision,advice,suggestion,duty,responsibility,task,key,promise等時(shí)，常用不定式作表語(yǔ)。1.Myjobis_________________________________.我的工作是教你們英語(yǔ)。2.Mydreamis___________________________________.我的夢(mèng)想是考入北京大學(xué)。3.Myambitionis___________________________________inChinaaftergraduation.(選修Book2,Unit2BridgingCultures)我的志向是畢業(yè)后在中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)。4.Hernextgoalis___________________________________________toraisemoneyforchildreninpoorcountries.(必修Book2,Unit3TheInternet)她的下一個(gè)目標(biāo)時(shí)建立一個(gè)慈善網(wǎng)站去為貧困國(guó)家的孩子籌集錢。2.主語(yǔ)為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)詞不定式。1.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis______________________________.我在高中最想做的事情就是提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。2.WhatIwouldsuggestis____________________________duetotheterribleweather.因?yàn)樘鞖庠愀?，我建議推測(cè)會(huì)議。II.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子。1.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)勞動(dòng)的重要性,上周末我們學(xué)校組織了一次到農(nóng)場(chǎng)的采摘活動(dòng)。(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Lastweekend,ourschoolorganizedafruitpickingactivityonafarm,thepurposeofwhichis___________________________________________________________.2.我們能做的就是重視我們的日常行為。(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Whatwecandois_____________________________________________________.3.這次比賽的目的是激勵(lì)我們學(xué)生更加注重體育鍛煉。(2020年全國(guó)卷1)Thepurposeoftheracewas_____________________________________________________________________________physicalexercise.4.我的目標(biāo)是讓中國(guó)走向世界，讓世界了解中國(guó)。(2019.全國(guó)卷)Myaimis__________________________and_______________________________.考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)(AstheObject)I.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ):1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+todosth.1.Theteacher___________________________________________whattheboyshaddone.He_________________________theboysbut___________________________anything.老師決定假裝已經(jīng)知道這些男孩們做了什么。他選擇不去問孩子們，但是期待被告知一切。2.Ihavearranged___________________(watch)anEnglishfilmfrom16:00to17:00atourschooltheatretomorrow.3.Imadeupmymind__________________ratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings.我下定決心更加努力學(xué)習(xí)而不是把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)到那些無(wú)用的事情上。2.巧記后跟動(dòng)詞接不定式(todo)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:口訣對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望decide/determine/makeupone’smind(決定)；learn(學(xué)會(huì));want/wish/expect/desire/prefer/wouldlike/long(希望,想要)/hope設(shè)法拒絕莫假裝，manage(設(shè)法)；refuse(拒絕)；pretend(假裝)；主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，offer(主動(dòng),提出)；promise(答應(yīng),承諾)；choose/elect(選擇)；intend/plan/mean/arrange/prepare(打算，計(jì)劃,安排)；同意請(qǐng)求來幫忙agree(同意);demand/ask/beg(請(qǐng)求)；help(幫忙)；猶豫失敗要努力hesitate(猶豫)；fail(失敗)；struggle/strive(努力，apply(申請(qǐng)),happen(碰巧)準(zhǔn)備嘗試敢承擔(dān)。prepare(準(zhǔn)備)；attempt/seek(嘗試)；dare(敢于)；undertake(承擔(dān))/afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+形容詞/名詞+todosth.4.What’sworse,Ifinditquitehard___________________(take)notesinclassesbecauseIcan’tfollowtheteacher’swords.5.Iconsideritconvenient_________________________becausewecanlearnanytimeandanywhere.我認(rèn)為在線學(xué)習(xí)很方便,因?yàn)槲覀兛梢噪S時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)。(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)6.Ifounditofgreatuse_____________________________________________________._______________________我覺得去參觀這次學(xué)生國(guó)畫展覽很有用。(2021·浙江高考)7.Wethinkitourduty__________________________.我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)海洋是我們的責(zé)任。總結(jié):動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(believe,consider,feel,find,make,think)+it+形容詞/名詞+todosth.4.有些動(dòng)詞know,show,decide,think,discuss,worryabout,findout等后接“疑問代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語(yǔ)，表將要發(fā)生的事情。8.Iamworryabout_________________________.我正愁下一步怎么辦9.Theyarediscussing_____________________________.他們正在討論去哪里度假。10.Themotherdidn’tknow________________________(誰(shuí)來負(fù)責(zé))forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.11.___________________________________willbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.怎樣解決這個(gè)問題將在明天的會(huì)議上討論?！癲o/have/其他動(dòng)詞+sth+except/buttodosth”中不定式的用法12.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Sometimes,inordertosucceed,wehavenoalternativebut______________failurebravelyandlearnfromit.失敗乃是成功之母，有時(shí)為了成功，我們只能勇敢地面對(duì)失敗并從中吸取教訓(xùn)。13.Mymothercoulddonothingbut__________________forthedoctortoarrive.我媽媽只能等待醫(yī)生的到來。14.Ithadnoeffectexcept_____________himangry.除了惹他生氣外，沒有產(chǎn)生任何效果。15.Shecandoeverythingexcept______________.除了做飯之外，她什么都會(huì)。havenoalternative/choicebuttodo...別無(wú)選擇，只得做某事.....havenothingtodobutdo...無(wú)所事事,只好......6.有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式，又跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但意義明顯有區(qū)別：1.stop/goondoingsth.停止/繼續(xù)做某事stop/goontodosth.停下來/繼續(xù)做另一件事5.meandingsth意味著做某事meantodosth打算/想要做某事2.forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(事情已做)forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事(事情未做)6.regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事(已做)regrettodosth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做)3.rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(事情已做)remembertodosth.記得去做某事(事情未做)7.can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事can’thelptodosth不能幫忙做某事4.trydoingsth.嘗試去做某事trytodosth.盡力/設(shè)法去做某事8.be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodosth.被用來做某事考點(diǎn)四、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)(AstheAttributive)動(dòng)詞不定式(todo/tobedone)作定語(yǔ):一般置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后用作后置定語(yǔ)。I.不定式(todo/tobedone)作定語(yǔ)的用法:詞+todo/tobedone.常用在固定句型：____________________和_______________________.todo做定語(yǔ)，表示將要發(fā)生的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；tobedone做定語(yǔ)，表將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。1.Ihaveanimportantmeeting___________________tomorrow.我明天有個(gè)會(huì)議要參加。2.Thechildrenarelookingforwardtotheparty___________________nextweek.孩子們期待著下周將要舉行的聚會(huì)。3.我校要舉行各種各樣的活動(dòng)，比如書法比賽和賽跑。_________________________________________,_____includinghandwritingcontestandrunningrace.2.序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)(+名詞)thefirst/thesecond/thelast/theonly/thebest+todo/tobedone,常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。4.MoyanisthefirstChinesewriter_____________________________inLiterature.莫言是第一位獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)作家。5.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut_________________.劉洋是第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的中國(guó)航天員。6.IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIamthefirststudentinmyclass_________________________________.我能說一口流利的英語(yǔ)，我是班上第一個(gè)出國(guó)深造的學(xué)生。3.抽象名詞+todo用不定式修飾的抽象名詞有：ability,power,way,solution,chance,opportunity,dream,ambition,desire,goal,wish,plan,preparation,idea,right(權(quán)利),time,key等，后接動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。7.Scientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdream__________________________.科學(xué)家們決定幫助人類實(shí)現(xiàn)探索太空的夢(mèng)想。8.Volunteergivesyouachance__________________________________,includingyourown.志愿服務(wù)給你一個(gè)改變生活的機(jī)會(huì)，包括你自己的生活。9.Hehasanambition________________________________________.他的志向是成為一名世界冠軍。4.被修飾詞+todo表示動(dòng)詞不定式的地點(diǎn)、工具，后面有相應(yīng)的介詞：Eg:Hehasanicepentowritewith.他有一支很好寫得鋼筆。10.Iamverybusy.Ihaveaverydifficultproblem_____________.我很忙，我有一個(gè)很難的要解決的問題。11.TheBrownshaveafortableroom___________.布朗一家有一棟可以居住的舒適的房子。12.Maryisapleasantperson____________________.瑪麗是一個(gè)很容易合作的伙伴。13.她沒有可以依靠的朋友。________________________________________.考點(diǎn)五、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(AstheObjectplement)I.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+todo或主語(yǔ)+bedone+todo)=1\*GB3①動(dòng)詞enable,allow/permit,advise,ask,drive,expect,inform,encourage(鼓勵(lì)),forbid(禁止),inspire(鼓舞),invite,persuade,request,require,tell,wish,urge,warn等+sbtodosth;=2\*GB3②sb.+beallowed/permitted/advised/asked/driven/told/expected/informed/wished/encouraged/forbidden/inspired/invited/persuaded,requested/required,urged/warned等+todosth.1.Weall__________________________thecontest.我們都期望他能在競(jìng)賽中獲勝。2.Ourteacher___________________________________________inclass.我們的老師要求我們課堂上要認(rèn)真聽講。3.Father____________________________________afterdrinking.父親警告我不要酒后開車。4.Wearenotallowed_____________________here.這兒不允許我們抽煙。5.Thegovernment_____________________________________environmentallyfriendlyproduct.政府鼓勵(lì)公民購(gòu)買環(huán)保產(chǎn)品。=Citizens___________________________________environmentallyfriendlyproduct.公民被鼓勵(lì)購(gòu)買環(huán)保產(chǎn)品。6.Students____________________________________________________munityserviceandvoluntarywork.

學(xué)生們被鼓勵(lì)參加社區(qū)服務(wù)和志愿工作。7.Politelyandexcitedly,he_________Mrs.Meredith__________________________.____________(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)

他禮貌而興奮地請(qǐng)梅瑞狄斯太太教他如何做爆米花。II.主語(yǔ)+感官動(dòng)詞/使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+無(wú)to的不定式。1.常見的感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)：feel(一感),hear/listento(二聽)make/have/let(三使)/see/watch/observe/notice/lookat(五看),半幫助(help)sb.dosth.注意：這些動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不to,但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要帶to.8.Thetwins_____________________________somesandwichesclosely.(2021年新高考1卷)雙胞胎仔細(xì)觀察他們的父親做三明治。esawthem_____________footballontheplayground.=Theywereseen_____________footballontheplayground.我們看見他們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球。10.Whathappenedtoday____________________thatforgivenessisakindofvirtue.今天發(fā)生的事情讓我意識(shí)到寬恕是一種美德。III.“with+賓語(yǔ)+todosth.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中11.Withalotofhomework________________(do),Ican’tgoshoppingwithyoutonight.有許多功課要做，今晚我不能和你去購(gòu)物。12._______________________________________________,Ican’tgooutingwithyouthisweekend.因?yàn)橐獏⒓右粋€(gè)重要的班會(huì)，這個(gè)周末我不能和你郊游了。(2021北京卷)考點(diǎn)六：動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)(TheInfinitiveastheAdverbial)I.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)(TheInfinitiveastheAdverbial)不定式做狀語(yǔ)：Examples(例句):動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)：常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：______________________________________1)_________________________________________________________,YuanL