2022浦東區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)試卷

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

Children'sFineMotorSkills

Usingaforktoeat,zippingupasweatshirtandturningadoorknobareallthingsmostpeopledowithoutthinking,but

childrenspendtheirearlyyearsdevelopingandrefiningtheseabilities.Theyareknownasfinemotorskills,(21)

thesmallmusclesofthehandswithadequatestrength,dexterity(靈工弓)andcoordination(協(xié)'調(diào))tograspandcontrol

objectsisused.Itisfirmlybelieved(22)later,finemotorskillsdohelpchildrentosucceedinschool.(23)

arealsoimportantinday-to-daylife.

(24)(watch)ababyusetheiruncoordinatedarmsandlegsmightbeadorable,buttheseearlyreactionsare

practiceforthefinemotorskillsthey'lleventuallydevelop.(25)StephanieReich,aprofessorofthe

UniversityofCalifornia,toddlersneedtoincreasethecoordinationoffinemovementsinthepreschoolyears.(26)

childrengrowolder,thesefinemotorskillswillimproveandbecomemorecomplex.Forexample,a4-year-oldmayholda

crayonwiththeirfist,usingtheirwholehandtodraw.Butfive-year-oldscanstartusingapencilbetweenthefirstandmiddle

fingersandthumb,asadultscan.

Theelementaryschoolyearsandbeyondsee(27)(advanced)finemotorskills,suchaswhenchildrenlearn

totieshoesbetween5and6yearsold.Ataboutage7,(28)(improve)performancecanbeamazinglywitnessed.

However,everychilddevelopsattheirownpace.Ifasinglemilestone,suchasusingeatingutensils(餐具)，(29)

(delay),itisn'tnecessarilycauseforconcern.

Infact,whenworkingonfinemotorskillsintheclassroom,shortlessonsprovidethemostbenefitforlearning.Play-

basedlearningisalsooneofthestrategiesthatarepreferred.Teachersmayalsousehand-eyecoordination-theabilityofa

child'seyes(30)(control)theirhandsandfingers-toworkwithchildrentoimprovefinemotorskills.Using

computers,especiallyakeyboardandmouse,alsohelpsyoungerchildrenwithfinemotorskills.

難度等

21.考查復(fù)合句連詞，定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，后面句子為完整不缺少基礎(chǔ)成分，

后面的句子缺少狀語(yǔ)，在這種精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中，手部的小肌肉被使用，所以答案為

where。

22.考查復(fù)合句連詞，固定搭配Itisfirmlybelievedthat...,為主語(yǔ)從句，后面是完整的句子，所

以答案是thato

23.考查代詞，句子缺少主語(yǔ)，且前面談及的finemotorskills為復(fù)數(shù)，所以答案為T(mén)hey。

24.考查非謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，所以答案是Watchingo

25.考查介詞，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子不缺少成分，且StephanieReich為名詞性質(zhì)，可以推斷本

空為介詞，再根據(jù)意思可以得出Accordingto根據(jù)StephanieReich所說(shuō)。

26.考查復(fù)合句連詞_________childrengrowolder根據(jù)句子意思得出As,表不伴隨著年紀(jì)的增

長(zhǎng)，只能用as.

27.考查形容詞比較級(jí)，空格里面為advanced是分詞類(lèi)形容詞，Theelementaryschoolyears與之

前形成比較，孩子們的能力有所提升，故用比較級(jí)moreadvanced。

28.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去分詞做前置定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句子意思為improvedperformancecanbe

amazinglywitnessed提高了的表現(xiàn)可以逐漸被看見(jiàn)。

29.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如果孩子使用餐具這樣的重要時(shí)刻被推遲isdelayed,也不用過(guò)于擔(dān)

心。

30.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不定式做后置定語(yǔ)，固定搭配theabilitytodo,句子意思為孩子的手眼協(xié)調(diào)

的能力。

詞語(yǔ)積累

zipupasweatshirtandturnadoorknob拉運(yùn)動(dòng)衫uncoordinatedadj.不協(xié)調(diào)的

拉鏈，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)門(mén)把手

adorableadj可愛(ài)的finemotorskills精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.housingB.leisurelyC.soughtD.referenceE.primarilyF.leg

G.windingH.wildlyI.pioneeredJ.majorK.highlight

18thCenturyGrandTourofEurope

TheGrandTourbeganinthe16thcenturyandgainedpopularityduringthe17thcentury.Privileged(有特權(quán)的)young

Europeangraduates(31)atrendwheretheytraveledacrossthecontinentinsearchofartandculturalexperiencesupon

theirgraduation.Thispractice,whichgrewtobe(32)popular,becameknownastheGrandTour.Specialtyguidebooks,

tourguides,andotheraspectsofthetouristindustryweredevelopedduringthistimetomeettheneedsofwealthy20-

somethingmaleandfemaletravelersastheyexploredtheEuropeancontinent.

Theseyoung,classically-educatedTouristswererichenoughtofundmultipleyearsabroadforthemselvesandthey

tookfulladvantageofthis.Theycarriedlettersof(33)andintroductionwiththemastheydepartedfromsouthern

Englandtocommunicatewithandlearnfrompeopletheymetinothercountries.SomeTourists(34)tocontinuetheir

educationandbroadentheirhorizonswhileabroad,somewerejustafterfunand(35)travels,butmostdesireda

combinationofboth.

AtypicaljourneythroughEuropewaslongand(36)withmanystopsalongtheway.Londonwascommonly

usedasastartingpointandtheTourwasusuallykickedoffwithadifficulttripacrosstheEnglishChannel.Crossingthewide

channelwasandisnoteasy.17th-and-18th-centuryTouristsriskedsea-sickness,illness,andevenshipwreckonthisfirst

(37)oftravel.

GrandTouristswere(38)interestedinvisitingcitiesthatwereconsideredcentersofcultureatthetime,soParis,

Rome,andVenicewerenottobemissed.TheaverageGrandTouristtraveledfromcitytocity,usuallyspendingweeksin

smallercitiesandmonthsinthethree(39)ones.

ThevastmajorityofTouriststookpartinsimilaractivitiesduringtheirexplorationwithartatthecenterofitall.Oncea

Touristarrivedatadestination,hewouldlookfbr(40)andsettleinforanywherefromweekstomonths,evenyears.

Thoughcertainlynotanoverlytryingexperiencefbrmost,theGrandTourpresentedauniquesetofchallengesfortravelers

toovercome.

難度等

31.I.pioneeredv.弓I領(lǐng)首句講游學(xué)始于16世紀(jì)興于17世紀(jì)，因此第二句的意思應(yīng)該是

有特權(quán)的歐洲學(xué)生引領(lǐng)了這種潮流，故而選擇動(dòng)詞pioneeredo

32.H.wildlyadv.極其本空前為系動(dòng)詞be,后為形容詞popular,因此本空應(yīng)填副詞。前

文講游學(xué)變得流行，本空應(yīng)為正向含義。故而選擇副詞wildlyo

33.D.referencen.參考從上一句可知，這些游學(xué)者有足夠資金赴國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)，而這一句的

意思為他們攜帶著推薦信和自我介紹離開(kāi)。Leiterofreference意

為推薦信，故而選擇名詞referenceo

34.C.soughtv.尋求一些游學(xué)者在國(guó)外想要繼續(xù)接受教育拓寬視野，seektodo表示

“試圖，設(shè)法”。故而選擇動(dòng)詞SOUghto

35.B.leisurelyadj.不慌不忙其他游學(xué)者在國(guó)外只是尋歡作樂(lè)，到處旅游，空后travels應(yīng)為名

1的詞，本空可填動(dòng)詞或形容詞。根據(jù)上下文，這些人只想閑游而不

是學(xué)習(xí)，故而選擇形容詞leisurelyo

36.G.windingadj.曲折的根據(jù)句意：貫穿歐洲的旅行漫長(zhǎng)而曲折，途中頗多周折。故而選

擇形容詞windingo

37.F.legn.腿；行程根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)時(shí)的旅者在穿過(guò)海峽的路上會(huì)經(jīng)歷很多困難，如暈

船、疾病甚至海難。這是他們的第一段路途，alegofsth.表示

“一段路程”。故而選擇名詞lego

38.E.primarilyadv.主要地本空前為系動(dòng)詞be,后為形容詞interested,因此本空應(yīng)填副詞。

游學(xué)者對(duì)文化中心城市很感興趣。故而選擇副詞primarilyo

39.J.majoradj.主要的很多游學(xué)者在小城市停留幾周，那么相對(duì)地，應(yīng)該在大城市停留

幾個(gè)月。本空應(yīng)表示大城市。故而選擇形容詞majoro

40.A.housingn.住房游學(xué)者到達(dá)目的地后，會(huì)尋找住處并在那里停留不等的時(shí)間。故

而選擇名詞housingo

詞語(yǔ)積累

alegofsth.一段路程gainpopularity流行起來(lái)

letterofreference推薦信kickoff開(kāi)始

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineach

blankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Theword4tadolescence,,literallymeans"growingup"(fromtheLatinadolescere).(41),itdescribesadistinct

stagebetweenchildhoodandadulthood,butinpracticeoftensimplydefinesthe"teenage"years.InmostWesternsocieties,

theideaofadolescencewasnot(42)untilthe20thcentury;childhoodendedandadulthoodbeganatacertainage-

typicallyat18.

G.StanleyHall,apsychologistandeducator,inhis1904bookAdolescence,wasthefirsttoexplorethe(43).

HallwasinfluencedbyDarwin*stheoryofevolution,perceivingthatallchildhoods,especiallywithregardtobehaviorand

earlyphysicaldevelopment,reflectthecourseof(44)change,andthatweeachdevelopinaccordancewithour

"ancestralrecord^^.

OnekeyinfluenceonHallwasthe18th-century"SturmandDrang"(StormandStress)movementofGermanwriters

andmusicians,whichpromotedtotalfreedomofexpression.Hall(45)adolescenceas"SturmandDrang”;he

considereditastageofemotionaldisturbanceandrebellion,withbehaviorrangingfromquietmoodinesstowild(46)

.Hestatedthatadolescents“areeagerforstrongfeelingsandnewsensations,whileroutineanddetailare(47)

Awarenessofselfandtheenvironmentgreatlyincreases;everythingismore(48)felt,andsensationis

pursuedforitsownsake.

ManyofHalfsfindingsare(49)inresearchtoday.Hallbelievedthatadolescentsarehighlyaffectedby

depressionanddescribeda“curveofdespondency(消沉)“thatstartsattheageof11,(50)at15,thenfalls

steadilyuntiltheageof23.Modemresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern.ThecausesofdepressionthatHall(51)

aresurprisinglyfamiliar:suspicionofbeingdislikedandhavingseeminglyinsuperablecharacterfaults,and"the

(52)ofhopelesslove".Hebelievedtheself-consciousnessofadolescenceleadstocriticizingselfandothers.This

viewmirrorslaterstudies,whicharguethatteenagers*advanced(53)skillsallowthemto"readbetweenthelines",

whilealsointensifyingtheirsensitivitytosituations.EvenHall'sclaimthatcriminalactivityismorecommonintheteenage

years,reachingthetoparound18,still(54).

However,Hallwasnottotallynegativeaboutadolescence."Adolescenceisanew(55)JashewroteinYouth:

ItsEducation,Regiment,andHygiene,"forthehigherandmorecompletelyhumanqualitiesarehowborn.1'

41.A.IntheoryB.InessenceC.IncontrastD.Ingeneral

42.A.exchangedB.recognizedC.imposedD.transformed

43.A.differenceB.worldC.possibilityD.subject

44.A.evolutionaryB.consequentialC.minimalD.structural

45.A.employedB.interpretedC.treatedD.classified

46.A.decision-makingB.problem-solvingC.risk-takingD.example-following

47.A.inexhaustibleB.intolerableC.inadequateD.instinctive

48.A.keenlyB.hesitantlyC.slightlyD.oddly

49.A.publishedB.revisedC.summarizedD.echoed

50.A.bouncesB.jumpsC.swingsD.peaks

51.A.promotedB.eliminatedC.identifiedD.determined

52.A.lackB.fancyC.claimD.power

53.A.reasoningB.copingC.socialD.verbal

54.A.soundsone-sidedB.holdstrueC.remainsunknownsD.standsout

55.A.trendB.outletC.birthD.model

難度等

41.A考查句內(nèi)邏輯，對(duì)應(yīng)后文轉(zhuǎn)折的inpractice,選intheory,體現(xiàn)了adolescence青春期一詞本

身的含義，和日常生活中用在什么語(yǔ)境下。首段前兩句是從釋義出發(fā)的基本介紹。

42.B通過(guò)inmostWesternsocieties和untilthe20thcentury可推測(cè)本句是在介紹青春期這個(gè)概念的

起源，什么時(shí)候在哪里開(kāi)始有了這樣的一個(gè)概念，即得到了承認(rèn)/接受recognized。

43.D看到書(shū)名前的1904這個(gè)年份反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)上文提到的時(shí)間點(diǎn)（20世紀(jì)），意味著在那之前就有

人在研究這個(gè)概念了，畢竟這本書(shū)寫(xiě)的也是這個(gè)，即對(duì)此課題/領(lǐng)域subject進(jìn)行探索。

44.A本空有兩個(gè)思路，一個(gè)是結(jié)構(gòu)法，本句有兩個(gè)perceiving引導(dǎo)的that從句，都表達(dá)了Hall

在受到了達(dá)爾文演化論影響下的認(rèn)知，所以反映的必然是演變evolutionarychange；一個(gè)是

邏輯法，后文有提到ancestralrecord祖先的痕跡，即遺傳，那自然也是演變。

45.B首先要理解段首句的作用。18世紀(jì)德國(guó)的文學(xué)和音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了SturmundDrang運(yùn)動(dòng)（狂

飆突進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)），提倡表達(dá)自由freedomofexpression?從下文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)Hall是把青少年（人

生命中的一個(gè)階段）的個(gè)性解放比作S&D這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)（德國(guó)藝術(shù)史上的一個(gè)階段），所以是

起到一個(gè)對(duì)照物的作用。接著看明白本句的另一半consideritastageof...,it指代青春期，

情緒失常emotionaldisturbance和反叛rebellion對(duì)應(yīng)S&D,那么consider就對(duì)應(yīng)本空了，把

青春期表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的現(xiàn)象類(lèi)比成特定的類(lèi)別/時(shí)期所表現(xiàn)出的時(shí)代特征（類(lèi)似于瘋狂的人猶如

瘋狂的時(shí)代一樣）,interpreted"這么理解/詮釋”在這個(gè)角度上是比較合適的。

原文在此空處寫(xiě)的是referredto,將其稱作/比作，自然是最貼切的。

46.C本空在rangefrom...to…之中，與quietmoodiness郁郁寡歡對(duì)立，即愿意冒險(xiǎn)risk-taking。

47.B本句在while表對(duì)比后，前文說(shuō)的是beeagerfor渴望（在盡情享受生活中）體驗(yàn)情緒的大

起大伏，那么本空提及的內(nèi)容就是盡量不要有/存在，所以常規(guī)routine和（關(guān)注）細(xì)節(jié)

detail是不被容忍的intolerable,可能是過(guò)于沉悶。

48.A本句接著上句，體現(xiàn)青少年的個(gè)性解放、追求自由的特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)awarenessgreatlyincreases

和sensationispursuedforitsownsake,得知青少年追求愉悅感的那種念頭是非常強(qiáng)烈的，

時(shí)刻不放過(guò)周?chē)l(fā)生的一切，所以對(duì)事物的感知也會(huì)更加敏銳keenlyo

49.D本段是本文作者將Hall的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與today的進(jìn)行對(duì)比，那么線索自然要在段內(nèi)找，往后

讀定位到modernresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern,similar一詞告訴了我們答案，即現(xiàn)

在的觀點(diǎn)/認(rèn)知也是如此，echo有重復(fù)、附和之意，但此詞超綱。

50.D根據(jù)前后兩個(gè)年齡的動(dòng)詞描述starts/falls,推測(cè)11歲后開(kāi)始上漲，then從15歲開(kāi)始回落，

那么15歲這個(gè)點(diǎn)就是最高點(diǎn)，即peaks。

51.C考慮Hall可能是最早研究青春期的人，那么他必然發(fā)現(xiàn)/總結(jié)出了一些causesofdepression,

不然也無(wú)法與today的進(jìn)行對(duì)比得出兩者相似的結(jié)論，也呼應(yīng)段首句的Hall'sfindingsare

echoed,換種表達(dá)其實(shí)就是whatHallfoundissimilar/familiar,即identified0

52.B本空接著上空，說(shuō)的是causesofdepression抑郁的起因，從懷疑被討厭suspicionsofbeing

disliked和有不能克服的性格缺陷havinginsuperablecharacterfaults推測(cè)，_52of

hopelesslove是個(gè)使人產(chǎn)生負(fù)面情緒的東西，而hopelesslove無(wú)望的愛(ài)本身已包含負(fù)面含

義，那么追求這樣的東西是會(huì)讓人陰郁的，因?yàn)榍蠖坏?，所以選fancy“想要”。

53.A本句的mirrors反映/與…相似告訴我們前一句的內(nèi)容很重要，即self-consciousnessleadsto

criticizingselfandothers自我意識(shí)（特別在意自己的感受）使人自責(zé)或批評(píng)他人，還要結(jié)合

后面的readbetweenthelines讀出言外之意和intensifyingsensitivity更加敏感一起看，即青

少年會(huì)特別在意周邊發(fā)生的事（上一段有提到），也會(huì)在意別人說(shuō)的話的潛臺(tái)詞是什么，

然后就會(huì)想“為什么他剛才那么說(shuō)，是在說(shuō)我哪里做錯(cuò)了嘛/為什么他們不帶我一起玩，是

我哪里沒(méi)做好嘛”等，這都體現(xiàn)了敏感性，也是青少年對(duì)他人言語(yǔ)和周邊環(huán)境的（過(guò)度）

思考，是種推理能力reasoning。其實(shí)也正好對(duì)應(yīng)前文提到的抑郁的起因。

54.B考慮到本段已經(jīng)提及兩次Hall的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)跟today的相似了，本句的even和still就是最大

的提示，顯然是要說(shuō)這個(gè)claim仍然成立holdstrue。

55.C最直接的提示是后文，for表示本空這么說(shuō)的原因，更完整的人性themorecompletelyhuman

qualities對(duì)應(yīng)青春期，那areborn就是答案，即birth。其實(shí)在首段就提到adolescence是在

childhoodended和adulthoodbegan的這個(gè)期間，文中提到很多青春期的negative表現(xiàn)，再

根據(jù)這段連在一起就是一種破而后立的感覺(jué)，經(jīng)歷過(guò)上一段提到的15歲前后的消沉

despondency時(shí)期后，青少年開(kāi)始有更加成人的價(jià)值觀了。

詞語(yǔ)積累

intheory/inpractice理論上/實(shí)際上perceivev.感知；認(rèn)識(shí)到

withregardto關(guān)于inaccordancewith按照；依據(jù)

SectionB

Directions:Readthefallowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.For

eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgivenin

thepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

For38-year-oldJustinHerald,thejourneytowealthbeganoneSundaymorningatachurchinSydney'snorthwest,

whenhewasinvolvedinaquarrelwithamemberofthechurchchoir."Youhaveanattitudeproblem,"shetoldhim.

Theaccusationsparkedsomethinginhim,andheborrowed$50fromhisbrothertohavefourT-shirtsprintedwiththe

slogan:"Idon'thaveanattitudeproblem;youhaveaperceptionproblem."

“Itwasthebest$50Ieverspent,"laughsHerald.Bytheendofthemorning,hehadsoldthreeofthefourT-shirts.With

themoneyhemade,hehadanothersixprinted,then12,then24.''Thatfirstyeartheearningwere$98,000,"hesays.

Hisbusiness,AttitudeInc.,isnowamulti-million-dollarcompanywithawiderangeofproductssellingin3,500stores

acrossAustralia.Hisbusinesswasduetonotjustclevermarketing-thepubliclovedtheslogan-butalsohehastoadmit

thatinthosedaystherewasverylittlecompetitioninhissectoroftheclothingindustry,andhewasintherightplaceatthe

righttime.

Themediaspotlightalsohelped,withpeoplepayingattentiontoHerald'slikeablepersonalityandinfectionspassion

forhisbusiness:thenightofoneTVappearance,187storesrangtogethisproductsintotheirstores.

Heraldsoldthebusinessthreeyearsago,bywhichtimeitwasturningover$30millionayear,andnowspendshis

timeasamotivationalspeaker.Hismessage:anyonecanbefinanciallysuccessfuliftheysettheirmindtoit."Youhaveto

havealotofstickability,becausenoteverythingisgoingtoworkthewayyouplanit.”

StilllivinginCastleHillwithhiswifeandtwochildren,Heraldbelievestoomanysuccessfulpeoplebecomecaughtup

inthetrappingsofwealth.HIhavelivedheresinceIleftschoolat16,"hesays.HInthisarea,youdon'tforgetwhereyou

camefrom."

56.WhydoesHeraldthinkitwasthebest$50heeverspent?

A.BecausethatsumofmoneycoveredthecostoffourT-shirt

B.Becausethatsumofmoneyshowedhisaccusationwaswrong.

C.Becausehereceivedthatsumofmoneywhenhewasinneed.

D.Becausehegainedmorethanexpectedfromthatsumofmoney.

57.AccordingtoHerald,thesuccessofhisbusinessresultedfrom.

A.goodtimingandcooperationB.businesssenseandluck

C.fiercecompetitionandpassionD.familybackgroundandmotivation

58.Theunderlinedword“stickability"(paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.competenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune

59.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe

A.AttitudePaysOffB.NoBravery,NoGains

C.StartaBusinessD.NeverTooOldtoChallengeYourself

(B)

Thesmell,thewarmth,thedistincttaste-agoodcupofcoffeeiswhatgetsusthroughthedayandhelpsustounwind

attheendofit.AndinwalksthePodCoffeeMachine.Thisskillfulkitchendeviceishereforconvenience.

ProsCons

?Usuallyquitesmall-sized?MoreexpensiveperthinkthanBean-to-

?Cheaptobuy-somecostaslittleas￡40.cupcoffeeorbeans.

?Goodforoccasionalcoffeedrinkers,asthe?Coffeepodscreatewaste,asmanypods

sealedpodskeepcoffeefresh.areplastic.

Toensurethatyougetthebestfixofcaffeine,we*veroundedupalistofwhatweconsiderthebestpodcoffee

machinesinmind.

HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachineNespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffee

Twiceasnice!Whetherit'sforaquickcuponMachine

thegooracoffeedatewithfriends,thisnotDesignedtoplease,notonlyisthismachine

beveragemakergivesyoutheoptiontoselectasmallenoughtofitinthesmallestofkitchens,

singleservingortobrewupawholepot.butthe19-barhigh-pressurepumpalsoensures

Humbleinappearance,thismulti-servepodthateachpodisreleasedtoensuremaster-style

coffeemakercomeswithanotheraddedbonus;results.Heatingupinonly25seconds,this

usetheloosecoffeegroundsoptionifyousingle-servekitchenbuddywillhaveyourcup

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ThisPREMIUMCHOICEmodelisidealforIfthestrengthorweaknessofyourcoffeeis

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podstocutthepriceofyourdailybrewand★★★☆2.665ratings

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60.Accordingtothepassage,podcoffeemachinesattractpeople.

A.whowanttobringconveniencetotheirkitchenlife

B.whoarekeenonthetypicaltasteofBean-to-cupcoffee

C.whoattachimportancetothelightweightofplasticmachines

D.whopayattentiontotheircarbonfootprintsontheenvironment

61.Ifthecustomersisexceptionallymindfuloftheprice,whichofthefollowingwillbeagooddeal?

A.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine

B.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine

C.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine

D.KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine

62.isperfectforanextendedfamilywhopreferhigh-qualitycoffee.

A.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine

B.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine

C.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine

D.KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine

(C)

Deepbelowtheground,radioactiveelementsbreakupwatermolecules(分子),producingingredientsthatcanfuel

subsurfacelife.Thisprocess,knownasradio-lysis(輻射分解),hassustainedbacteriainisolated,water-filledcrackson

Earthformillionstobillionsofyears.NowastudypublishedinAstro-biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlife

intheMartiansubsurface.

Duststorms,raysintheuniverseandsolarwindsruintheRedPlanet'ssurface.Butbelow-ground,somelifemightfind

refuge.uTheenvironmentwiththebestchanceofhabitabilityonMarsisthesubsurface,"saysJesseTarnas,aplanetary

scientistatNASA.ExaminingtheMartainundergroundcouldhelpscientistslearnwhetherlifecouldhavesurvivedthere.

AndthebestsubsurfacesamplesavailabletodayareMartainmeteorites(P員石)thathavecrash-landedonEarth.

Tarnasandhiscolleagueevaluatedthemineralmakeupandradio-activeelementabundanceintheMartainsurfaceusing

satelliteandroverdata.Theyinputthesedataintoacomputermodelthatsimulated(模擬)radiolysistoseehowefficiently

theprocesswouldhavegeneratedhydrogengasandotherchemicalingredientsthatcansustaintheundergroundbacteria.The

researchersreportthatifwaterwaspresent,radiolysisintheMartainsubsurfacecouldhavesustainedlifeforbillionsofyears

andperhapsstillcouldtoday.

ScientistspreviouslystudiedMarsradiolysis,butthismarksthefirstestimateusingMartainrockstoquantifytheplanets

subsurfacehabitability.TarnasandhiscolleaguesalsoevaluatedthepotentialrichnessoflifeintheMartainundergroundand

foundthatasmanyasamillionbacteriacouldexistinakilogramofrock.

Themosthabitablemeteoritesamplesanalysedappearedtobemadeofarocktypecalledregolithbreccia."Theseare

thoughttocomefromthesouthernhighlandsofMars,whichisthemostancientareaonMars,"Tarnassays.

Undergroundlife,asdescribedbythisresearch,wouldrequirewateranditremainsunknownifgroundwaterexistson

theplanet,saysLujendraOjha,aplanetaryscientistatRutgersUniversity.DeterminingwhethertheMartainsubsurface

containswaterwillbeanimportantnextstep,butthisinvestigationhelpstomotivatethatsearch.Ojhasays,nWherethereis

groundwater,therecouldbelife/*

63.ScientistsbelievetheMartiansubsurfacemightbehabitableprobablybecause.

A.theMartainsurfaceabsorbsraysintheuniverse

B.radio-lysismayexistintheMartianunderground

C.radiationcombinesingredientsforsubsurfacelifetosurvive

D.cracksinMartianmeteoritesoverflowwithbacteria

64.WhafsthepurposeofusingMartianmeteorites?

A.TomeasuretheMartianhabitabilitybelow-ground

B.Tosimulatetheprocessofproducinghydrogen.

C.Tohelplifefindshelterfromsolarwinds

D.Toexplorethesourceofhydrogengas.

65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelast3paragraphs?

A.TamaswasthefirsttostudyMarsradiolysis.

B.TheMartianundergroundprovedtoberichinbacteria.

C.ThesouthernhighlandsofMarsarethemosthabitable.

D.Theexistenceofgroundwateriskeytotheinvestigationfindings.

66.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

A.thereasonfornolifeontheMartiansurface

B.thesourceofdataforthestudyofMartianhabitability

C.thepossibilityofMarssustaininglifethroughradiation

D.therichnessofradioactiveelementsbelowtheMartiansurface

難度等級(jí)★★★★☆

63.B.考察細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾鞂?duì)于第一段的理解，第一句話的重點(diǎn)為：在地下深處，放射性元素分

解水分子，產(chǎn)生可以為地下生命提供燃料的成分。這個(gè)過(guò)程被稱為輻射分解?，F(xiàn)在一項(xiàng)研

究表明，輻射分解可能支持了火星地下的生命。所以選B.

64.A.考察細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段段末：火星上最適合居住的環(huán)境是地下?！睓z查火星地下可

以幫助科學(xué)家了解生命是否可以在那里生存。而目前能得到的最好的地下樣本是墜毀在地

球上的火星隕石。所以火星隕石是用來(lái)測(cè)量火星地下可居住性的。故選A。

65.D.考察推斷題。第四段段首說(shuō)了科學(xué)家之前已經(jīng)研究過(guò)了火星輻射分解，排除Ao第四段

段末提到了“一公斤巖石中可能存在多達(dá)一百萬(wàn)種細(xì)菌”，文章中的信息不能作為推斷出

來(lái)的，排除Bo第五段也提到了最適宜居的隕石樣本似乎是由一種稱為風(fēng)化角礫巖的巖石

類(lèi)型制成的。這些被認(rèn)為來(lái)自火星南部高地，也是文章已有信息，排除C。文章最后一

段，確定火星地下是否含有水將是重要的下一步，但這項(xiàng)調(diào)查有助于推動(dòng)這一搜索。據(jù)此

推斷，應(yīng)該選D。

66.C.考察主旨題。文章整篇都是想證明火星地下的可居住性，這與A相反，排除。文章并不

是關(guān)心火星可居住性的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源，排除BoC選項(xiàng)符合文章主旨，即火星通過(guò)輻射維持生

命的可能性。火星地表下放射性元素的豐富程度只是文章提到的一處細(xì)節(jié)，并不是文章主

旨。排除Do

詞語(yǔ)積累

radioactiveadj.放射性的，有輻射的refugen.避難所

habitabilityn.可居住roverdata探測(cè)器的數(shù)據(jù)

hydrogengasn.氫氣simulatev.模擬

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Ifyouareagoutsufferer,youarenotalone.

B.