教材語境

I

have

three

roses

here：

a

red

one，a

yellow

one

and

a

white

one.

我這兒有三枝玫瑰：一枝紅的、一枝黃的和一枝白的。（教材P66）&1&

代詞one的用法&2&

one在此作代詞，表示"一枝玫瑰"，指代上文提到的three

roses中的一枝。&3&

one，it與

thatone泛指同類人或事物中的一個(gè)。只能指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。it指代前面提到的同一事物。it既可指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，也可指代前面提到的事情或情況。復(fù)數(shù)形式為they/them。that多用于兩種事物的對(duì)比，避免重復(fù)，可指代"the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞"。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。We

have

different

kinds

of

new

toys

for

boys.You

can

choose

one

for

your

son.

我們?yōu)槟泻儨?zhǔn)備了不同種類的新玩具。你可以給你兒子選一個(gè)。There

is

a

book

on

the

chair.

Please

give

it

to

me.

椅子上有本書。請(qǐng)把它給我。The

weather

in

Shenyang

is

colder

than

that

in

Hefei.

沈陽的天氣比合肥的天氣冷。典例1

—Excuse

me,

I

want

to

buy

some

books,

but

I

can't

find

a

bookstore

here.—I

know

___

on

my

way

home.

You

can

come

with

me.AA.one

B.this

C.it

D.that【解析】句意：——打擾一下，我想要（買）一些書，但我在這里找不到書店?！抑涝谖一丶业穆飞嫌幸患?，你可以跟我來。one泛指前面提到的同類人或事物中的一個(gè)，空處泛指"一家書店"。故選A。教材語境

But

they

were

not

laughing

at

me.

但是他們不是在嘲笑我。

（教材P66）&4&

laugh

at嘲笑；對(duì)……一笑置之Don't

laugh

at

a

person

who

is

in

trouble.

不要嘲笑處于困境的人。We

laughed

at

our

difficulties.

我們對(duì)困難一笑置之。教材語境

They

taught

me

to

say

many

things

in

Chinese

and

kindly

invited

me

to

join

them.

他們教我用漢語表達(dá)很多事情，還好心地邀請(qǐng)我加入他們。（教材P66）&5&

teachsb.

to

do

sth.

教某人做某事Could

you

please

teach

me

to

draw?

請(qǐng)問你能教我畫畫嗎？My

father

taught

me

to

swim.父親教我游泳。過去式和過去分詞均為taught&6&

teach

后可跟雙賓語，teach

sb.sth.相當(dāng)于teach

sth.

to

sb.，意為"教某人……"。My

father

teaches

me

swimming

skills.=My

father

teaches

swimming

skills

to

me.父親教我游泳的技能。教材語境

Today,thanks

to

their

kindness,my

Chinese

is

much

better,and

we

have

become

friends.多虧了他們的熱心幫助，現(xiàn)在我的漢語好多了，而且我們成了朋友。（教材P66）&7&

kindness/?ka?ndn?s/

n.善舉；好意&8&

kindness作不可數(shù)名詞，由"kind（adj.）+-ness（名詞后綴）"構(gòu)成。I

was

so

moved

by

her

kindness.我被她的善舉深深感動(dòng)了。（選自廣元中考）&9&

以后綴-ness結(jié)尾的詞還有：happy（幸福的）→

happiness（幸福）sad（悲傷的）→

sadness（悲傷）good（善良的）→

goodness（善良）dark（黑暗的）→

darkness（黑暗）教材語境

I

give

the

white

rose

to

my

teachers,

who

have

taught

me

that

there

is

no

success

without

effort.

我把白玫瑰獻(xiàn)給我的老師們，他們教我（明白了）不努力就不會(huì)成功（的道理）。（教材P66）&10&

success

n.成功&11&

success在此用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為"成功"。&12&

Failure

is

the

mother

of

success.

失敗是成功之母。You

are

on

the

way

to

success

as

long

as

you

stick

to

your

dreams.只要你堅(jiān)持自己的夢(mèng)想，你就在成功的路上。（選自黃岡中考）&13&

success還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為"成功的人（或事物）"。His

new

book

was

a

great

success.

他的新書獲得了巨大成功。典例2

(襄陽中考)—She

is

leaving

to

take

part

in

the

final

poem

competition.—I'm

proud

of

her.

I

wish

her

a

great

___.DA.speed

B.method

C.pressure

D.success【解析】句意：——她將要去參加詩(shī)歌比賽總決賽?！覟樗械津湴痢ＷＫ晒?。speed"速度"；method"方法"；pressure"壓力"；success"成功，成功的人（或事物）"。結(jié)合空前的"proud

of

her"可知，選D。教材語境

When

I

started

running

in

the

800

metres,

I

always

finished

last

and

I

just

wanted

to

give

up.當(dāng)我開始跑800米時(shí)，我總是最后一個(gè)跑完，我真想放棄。（教材P66）&14&

give

up

放棄（努力）&15&

&16&

give

up屬于"動(dòng)詞+副詞"型短語，在此是不及物動(dòng)詞短語。它還可作及物動(dòng)詞短語，其后可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式，代詞作其賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在give與up之間。You

will

fall

behind,

if

you

give

up.如果你放棄,你就會(huì)落后。（選自常州中考）

Smoking

is

not

good

for

your

health.

Please

give

it

up.

吸煙對(duì)你的健康有害。請(qǐng)戒煙吧。&17&

與give相關(guān)的其他短語：give

out

分發(fā)；耗盡

give

in

屈服；讓步give

away

泄露；贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)

give

back

歸還give

off

發(fā)出，放出（氣味、熱、光等）典例3

根據(jù)漢語及括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞提示完成句子。(孝感中考)

別放棄！盡最大的努力，你一定會(huì)成功?。╣ive）Don't

________!

Try

your

best

and

you'll

succeed！give

up【解析】空處意為"放棄"，根據(jù)提示詞give可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語give

up；助動(dòng)詞"Don't"后應(yīng)加動(dòng)詞原形，故填give

up。教材語境

I

still

can't

run

fast

enough,

but

I've

learnt

to

try

my

best,

not

only

with

running

but

with

whatever

else

I

do.

我仍然跑得不夠快，但是我學(xué)會(huì)了要盡自己最大的努力，不僅僅是在跑步的時(shí)候，而且做其他任何事情都是如此。

（教材P66）&18&

try

one's

best

盡某人最大的努力&19&

try

one's

best與do

one's

best含義相同，其后常接動(dòng)詞不定式。It

doesn't

matter

if

you

make

a

mistake.

Try

your

best.犯錯(cuò)了也沒關(guān)系，盡你的全力吧。I

will

try

my

best

to

avoid

making

the

same

mistake.

我會(huì)盡力避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。教材語境

I

was

disappointed.

我很失望。

（教材P66）&20&

disappointed/?d?s??p??nt?d/

adj.失望的;沮喪的I'm

disappointed

in

you

—

I

thought

I

could

trust

you.

你真讓我失望——我原以為我可以相信你的。She

was

disappointed

at

the

end

result.

她對(duì)最終結(jié)果感到失望。He

was

disappointed

to

find

the

museum

closed.

他發(fā)現(xiàn)博物館閉館了，感到很失望。&21&

disappointed與disappointingdisappointed"失望的；沮喪的"，通常表示人的主觀感受disappointing"令人失望的；令人沮喪的"，通常表示事物自身具備的性質(zhì)—Why

does

Jack

look

so

disappointed?為什么杰克看上去如此沮喪？—Because

he

heard

some

disappointing

news.因?yàn)樗牭搅艘恍┝钊耸南ⅰ?22&

通常，-ed形式的形容詞表示人的（身體上或精神上的）狀態(tài)或人內(nèi)心的感受，常意為"感到……的"；而-ing形式的形容詞則表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，常意為"令人……的"。-ed形容詞-ing形容詞excited感到激動(dòng)的exciting令人激動(dòng)的relaxed感到放松的relaxing令人放松的surprised感到驚訝的surprising令人驚訝的interested感興趣的interesting有趣的tired感到累的tiring累人的bored感到厭倦的boring令人厭倦的moved感動(dòng)的moving令人感動(dòng)的教材語境

Then,

on

the

morning

of

my

birthday,

I

woke

up

to

find

a

beautiful

violin

at

my

bedside.后來,在我生日的那天早上，我醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)床邊放著一把漂亮的小提琴。（教材P66）&23&

wake

up

醒來；喚醒&24&

wake

up在此作不及物動(dòng)詞短語，其后不接賓語。People

do

often

yawn

before

they

sleep

and

after

they

wake

up.人們確實(shí)經(jīng)常在睡覺前和醒來后打哈欠。（選自江西中考）&25&

wake

up屬于"動(dòng)詞+副詞"型短語。它也可作及物動(dòng)詞短語，意為"把……喚醒"，代詞作其賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)置于wake與up之間。I

will

have

a

meeting

this

afternoon.

Please

wake

me

up

at

2:00

pm.

今天下午我有個(gè)會(huì)議，請(qǐng)?jiān)谙挛鐑牲c(diǎn)鐘叫醒我。&26&

動(dòng)詞不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語&27&

本句中動(dòng)詞不定式短語to

find

a

beautiful

violin

at

my

bedside作狀語，表示結(jié)果。He

returned

home

to

find

his

wife

waiting

for

him.他回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等他。He

woke

up

to

find