專題七動詞和動詞短語動詞的分類及用法分類特點舉例行為動詞及物動詞后面必須跟賓語Weloveourcountry.不及物動詞后面不能直接跟賓語Heisstanding.系動詞后面跟表語,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)Sheisagoodstudent.情態(tài)動詞與其后的動詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語Icanswim.beam/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞→現(xiàn)在進行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞→過去進行時be+過去分詞→被動語態(tài)Heisreading.Itwasrainingheavilyatthattime.Treesareplantedeveryyear.do形式有do,does,did,用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句,或用在動詞前加強語氣Doyougotoschoolonfoot?Idon’tknowwhattodo.Wedidhaveagoodtimethere.havehave/has+過去分詞→現(xiàn)在完成時had+過去分詞→過去完成時Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.will/shallwill/shall+動詞原形→一般將來時Willyoudrivemehome?1.動詞后面直接跟賓語的就是及物動詞,不直接跟賓語就是不及物動詞。如:Heworksveryhard.(vi.)HestudiesEnglishveryhard.(vt.)2.助動詞do/did可以代替前面出現(xiàn)的動詞,以避免重復(fù)。如:—Whocleanedthewindow?—Jimdid.動詞的形式1.動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)律詞尾形式變化規(guī)則舉例一般情況在詞尾加-sswim→swims;leave→leaves以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-o結(jié)尾在詞尾加-esdo→does;pass→passes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加-esstudy→studies;carry→carries不規(guī)則變化have→has讀音規(guī)則一般情況讀/z/。在清輔音/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/后讀/s/。在/s/,/z/,/t/,/dз/之后讀/iz/2.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律詞尾形式變化規(guī)則舉例一般情況直接加-ingplay→playing;read→reading以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e加-inglive→living;write→writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-ingput→putting;sit→sitting以ie結(jié)尾改ie為y再加-ingdie→dying;lie→lying3.動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律(1)規(guī)則動詞過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則詞尾形式規(guī)則舉例一般情況加-edplant→plantedplay→played以e結(jié)尾加-dlive→livedchange→changed以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾改y為i再加-edcarry→carriedstudy→studied以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-edstop→stoppedprefer→preferred注意:規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞與過去式一樣。(2)不規(guī)則動詞歸納①ABB型不規(guī)則動詞(A代表動詞原形,BB代表過去式過去分詞相同)原形特征過去式過去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-end-ent-entlend,spend,send-ay-aid-aidsay,pay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean---ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think---aught-aughtcatch,teach②ABC型不規(guī)則動詞原形特征過去式過去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,write③AAA型不規(guī)則動詞擊中、受傷、讓、吐痰、去掉、花費、讀、放、砍。(hit)(hurt)(let)(spit)(rid)(cost)(read)(put)(cut)巧記動詞加-s或-es動詞有三單,詞尾常把-s添。詞尾若是s,ch,sh,直接加上-es。詞尾有字母x或o,加上-es不用愁。輔音字母加y,要把y變i。現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成歌訣現(xiàn)在分詞用途多,進行時態(tài)不可缺。它的構(gòu)成很好記,動詞后綴-ing。詞尾若有啞音e,去e再加沒問題。一輔重讀閉音節(jié),這個字母要雙寫。還有一點要注意,改ie為y再加-ing。規(guī)則動詞過去式構(gòu)成口訣過去式構(gòu)成有規(guī)律,一般詞尾加-ed。如果詞尾有個e,直接加-d就可以?！拜o音字母+y”,先變y為i?！耙惠o重閉”作尾巴,雙寫之后-ed加?！緢D解】ABB型【圖解】ABC型【圖解】AAA型常用動詞短語的構(gòu)成及用法1.動詞+介詞breakinto破門而入;comefrom來自;dealwith處理、對付;dependon依靠;getover克服;laughat嘲笑;lookafter照顧;lookfor尋找;hearfrom收到……來信;takeafter與……相像;standfor代表;sendfor派人去請;waitfor等候2.動詞+副詞comeup提出;cheerup使振奮、高興;cleanup打掃干凈;fixup修理;givein屈服;giveaway贈送,分發(fā);holdon堅持、等一會;putup建立、發(fā)布;thinkover仔細考慮;wakeup醒來3.動詞+副詞+介詞addupto合計達;catchupwith趕上;comeupwith提出;getawayfrom逃離;keepawayfrom遠離;keeponwith繼續(xù)做;lookdownupon/on蔑視;lookforwardto期盼4.動詞+名詞+介詞makecontributionsto對……做出貢獻;makefriendswith與……交朋友;makefunof取笑;makeprogressin在……上取得進步;takecareof照顧;takepartin參加;takepridein以……為驕傲;payattentionto注意5.動詞+名詞loseheart灰心;makefaces做鬼臉;makefriends交朋友6.be+形容詞+介詞befondof喜歡;beafraidof害怕;befamousfor以……出名;begoodat擅長;bereadyfor為……做準(zhǔn)備;beproudof以……為自豪1.“動介詞組”其后需要帶賓語。2.“動副詞組”作及物動詞時,如果名詞作賓語,賓語可以放在動副詞組的后邊,也可放在中間。但代詞作賓語時,賓語要放在中間。3.“動副介詞組”后跟賓語時,賓語置于介詞之后。一、動詞的分類及用法(C)1.(2021·黃石中考)—IwonderifthisglassisTom’s.—Itbehis.Hiswasbrokenjustnow.

A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.shouldn’t(A)2.(2021·南京中考)ThedramaYuhuayaocitizensinNanjingwithachancetolearnandlistentotheParty’shistory.

A.provided B.guarded C.compared D.protected(C)3.(2021·青海中考)Momiscookingchickensoup;itsogood.

A.sounds B.tastes C.smells(D)4.(2021·濱州中考)—Henry,didyoudrivebacktoyourhometownduringtheSpringFestival?—No,Iwastotakethetrainbecausethetrafficisoftenthebusiestatthattime.

A.praised B.taught C.warned D.advised一、三步解決動詞用法題Step1:確定所給選項的含義;Step2:分析語境,找出關(guān)鍵詞或前后的邏輯關(guān)系;Step3:確定正確答案。【語法心得】____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、動詞的五種形式1.(2021·龍東中考)MissGaotriestomakeherstudentsexpress(express)theirideas.2.(2020·安順中考)BeijingOpera,animportantpartofChineseculture,has(have)ahistoryofover200years.3.(2021·龍東中考)Attending(attend)the2022BeijingWinterOlympicsishisdream.4.(2021·龍東中考)Studentsshouldhavesomebasiclifeskills,including(include)cooking,washingandcleaning.5.(2021·永州中考)Whenitcomestomybirthdays,Iwouldliketoinvitemyfriendstowatch(watch)amovie.

6.(2021·包頭中考)Shelocked(lock)thefrontdoorandwentoutside.7.(2020·泰州中考)—Couldyoutellmewhatthesignmeans?—Keepdistanceinpublicplacestoavoidcatching(catch)avirus.8.(2021·包頭中考)Hebecameinterestedincollecting(collect)kitesafterhewatchedadocumentary.二、判斷動詞形式的四種技巧:1.慧眼識別標(biāo)志詞。如情態(tài)動詞后用原形;出現(xiàn)yesterday等明顯的時間狀語時,要用相對應(yīng)的時態(tài)。2.細心體會辨語境。要理解上下文想表達的語境,判斷用什么時態(tài)。3.主從時態(tài)要呼應(yīng)。如在條件狀語從句中,主句為將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。4.固定搭配要牢記。如invitesb.todosth.三、動詞的辨析(B)1.(2021·荊州中考)—DoyouknowZhangGuimei,whowashonoredasoneofthe“PeopleWhoMovedChina”?—Yes,shethefirstfreehighschoolforgirlsinmountainareasandhashelpedmorethan1,800studentstogotocollege.

A.educatedB.createdC.memorizedD.dreamed(A)2.(2021·綏化中考)Mum,couldyouhelpmemytoycar?Ican’titanywhere!

A.lookfor;findB.find;lookforC.look;findout(A)3.(2021·樂山中考)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithourdailylife.Canyoualifewithoutit?

A.imagineB.expectC.understand三、三步解決動詞辨析題Step1:首先根據(jù)前后語境確定句意;Step2:根據(jù)固定搭配,或動詞后的成分,找出動詞的細微差別;Step3:確定正確答案。四、