孫得發(fā)博士諾偉司東北亞區(qū)技術(shù)總監(jiān)NovusInternational母豬微量元素的應(yīng)用實踐

PracticenutritionoftracemineralnSowAgenda母豬微量元素缺乏的表現(xiàn)妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用母豬微量元素缺乏問題母豬微量元素缺乏會導(dǎo)致肢蹄病的發(fā)生率和淘汰率增高母豬微量元素缺乏導(dǎo)致的皮膚角質(zhì)化JointSamplesfromExperimentalFarms骨軟化癥Jubb,Kennedy,andPalmer,1993.PathologyofDomesticAnimals.豬骨軟化癥與軟骨生長板異常有關(guān)正常生長板骨軟化癥生長板Jubb,Kennedy,andPalmer,1993.PathologyofDomesticAnimals.Agenda母豬微量元素缺乏的表現(xiàn)妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用DaysofGestationFeTracemineraldepositioninFetusmgAdaptedfromMa,2011礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積妊娠天數(shù)鐵和鋅DaysofGestationTracemineraldepositioninFetusmgAdaptedfromMa,2011礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積錳,毫克妊娠天數(shù)DaysofGestationTracemineraldepositioninFetusμgAdaptedfromMa,2011礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積硒,微克妊娠天數(shù)DaysofGestationTracemineraldepositioninFetusmgAdaptedfromMa,2011銅,毫克礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積妊娠天數(shù)TMinwholelitterduringgestationAdaptedfromMa,2011Dayofgestation妊娠天數(shù)43587391101108115Cu,mg3.0310.1715.2419.4533.1441.0755.35Fe,mg6.1233.9121.6285.1394.9609.4705.9Mn,mg0.050.561.683.864.696.457.48Zn,mg3.4423.057.8117.6178.4241.3281.7Se,mg0.020.140.420.901.442.132.49微量元素在妊娠期中沉積的總量TracemineralschangeinmaternalliverDayofgestationElements43587391101108OpenP-value*Cu,mg72.6114.390.760.461.988.466.00.03CFe,mg3333263213053393134750.69Mn,mg3.033.083.212.913.102.912.900.51Zn,mg1341141431001351381720.48Se,mg1.291.241.251.261.351.301.250.55*Note:L:linearresponse,Q:quadraticresponse,C:cubicresponseMineralanalyzedbyICP-MS妊娠期間微量元素在母體肝臟中的變化妊娠天數(shù)Agenda母豬微量元素缺乏的表現(xiàn)妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用母豬為什么容易出現(xiàn)微量元素缺乏？首先說明是高產(chǎn)母豬母豬在胎兒發(fā)育和泌乳過程中動用了自身的微量元素妊娠母豬日糧是高纖維和高植酸磷，影響微量元素吸收隨著母豬胎齡的增加體重增大，維持需要也增大礦物質(zhì)Mineral泌乳需求Milkdemand1攝入Intake2需要的利用效率Requiredefficiency3(gormg/day)(gormg/day)(%)銅Copper(mg)1826.368鐵Iron(mg)274206錳Manganese(mg)11051硒Selenium(mg)0.30.837鋅Zinc(mg)70263271Calculatedassuminganaveragemilkproductionof10kg/dayandwithaveragemilkmineralconcentrationsderivedfromParketal.(1994),andMahan(2000).2Assumingadailyfeedintakeof5.25kg(NRC,1998).3Minimumdietarymineralutilizationefficiencyrequiredformilkproduction.泌乳母豬微量礦物質(zhì)日攝入和需求計算值Calculateddailymineralintakesanddemandsforlactatingsows(Cont.)(RichardsandClose,2001)17后備母豬和繁殖母豬血清和肝臟中鋅，鐵和銅濃度的比較Acomparisonofconcentrationsofzinc,iron&copperinserumandliverfromgiltsandsows(RichardsandClose,2001)18(%)第三胎次母豬VS非妊娠母豬，同年齡

3rdLitterSowscomparedtoNon-Gravid,SameAge繁殖母豬漸進(jìn)式脫礦％變化Progressivedemineralizationofreproducingsows%change(MahanandNewton,1995.asadaptedfromBoyd,2004)19妊娠和泌乳母豬

微量礦物質(zhì)需求的變化

TraceMineralChanges

forGestatingandLactatingSows20

妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質(zhì)需

求的變化

TraceMineralChangesforGestatingandLactatingSows

21銅Copper(Cu)

inNRC(1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements銅Copper(mg)5.05.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements銅Copper(mg)10.020.0銅Copper(Cu)inNRC(2012)22錳Manganese(Mn)

inNRC(1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements錳Manganese(mg)20.020.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements錳Manganese(mg)25.025.0錳Manganese(Mn)inNRC(2012)

TraceMineralChangesforGestatingandLactatingSows

23鋅Zinc(Zn)inNRC(1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements鋅Zinc(mg)50.050.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements鋅Zinc(mg)100.0100.0鋅Zinc(Zn)inNRC(2012)

妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質(zhì)需求

的變化

TraceMineralChangesforGestatingandLactatingSows

中國母豬微量礦物質(zhì)需求SowMineralRequirementinChinaChinaNRC2012NRC1998妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation銅Copper,ppm5.05.010205.05.0(35)(35)鐵Iron,ppm758080808080(750)(750)錳Manganese,ppm1820.525252020(150)(150)鋅Zinc,ppm45511001005050(150)(150)硒Selenium,ppm0.140.150.150.150.150.15(0.5)(0.5)()上限()upperlimitation24Anattempttoaddresstheneedsofsowsinacommercialoperationwithhighervitaminsandtraceminerals商業(yè)母豬使用高水平維生素和微量元素的嘗試2002data(25,571Litters)Agerelatedreductionoflitter-sizeinparity4to11sows第4-第11胎母豬與年齡相關(guān)的下降趨勢(AdaptedfromBoyd,2004)(AdaptedfromBoyd,2004)Agerelateddeathlossinsows與母豬年齡相關(guān)的死亡損失CalculatedbyBoydandFaklerfrom2002PICUSAADFI.(AdaptedfromBoyd,2004)Exampleofdecliningvitamin-TMintakewithadvancingreproductiveage高產(chǎn)期母豬維生素-微量元素攝入量下降Responsetomicro-nutrientequalization微量營養(yǎng)素平衡效應(yīng)(AdaptedfromBoyd,2004)(AdaptedfromBoyd,2004)Responsetomicro-nutrientequalization微量營養(yǎng)素平衡效應(yīng)9.38.71.44PSYweaned(AdaptedfromBoyd,2004)Averagelitter-sizeresponsetocorrectedmicro-nutrientintake窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)與校正微量營養(yǎng)素攝入的關(guān)系Conclusions:結(jié)論

Sowmicronutrientneedsshouldbealteredtoaccountforincreasingsowweightwithadvancingage.母豬的微量營養(yǎng)素的需求應(yīng)隨著高產(chǎn)期母豬體重的增長相應(yīng)改變Agenda母豬微量元素缺乏的表現(xiàn)妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用試驗2：高量鈣磷Trial2:ElevatedCa&P試驗1：正常鈣磷Trial1:NormalCa&PSupplementalZnIntake(mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV=248%SupplementalZnIntake(mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV=426%螯合微量元素在有干擾的狀況下有更高的生物學(xué)利用率MTmRNAMTmRNAY=1.82+0.92X1

+2.28X2Y=0.41+0.922X1

+3.925X2m1vs.m2:P=0.009m1vsm2:P=0.004鋅的攝入量，mgSupplementalzincintake,mg鋅的攝入量，mgSupplementalzincintake,mg各種鋅源的生物利用率母豬微量元素的研究難度很大每十年關(guān)于豬繁殖性能的參考文獻(xiàn)SwineReproductiveCitationsbyDecade~40's50's/60's70's80's90's銅Copper--112碘Iodine-----鐵Iron-533-錳Manganese-3121鋅Zinc-312-硒Selenium-1923BenefitsofMintrexCuBetterbioavailabilityLessreactive(lessoxidation)BetterantibacterialfunctiononlumenBetterperformanceandprofits明微礦改善母豬繁殖性能Mintreximprovesowreproductionandwelfare母豬試驗：材料與方法兩個姊妹豬場，各飼養(yǎng)6400頭PIC母豬相同的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理、相同飼料廠及日糧，小母豬來源于同一種豬場共16,000頭母豬，最高產(chǎn)胎數(shù)到7胎兩個處理，ITM（無機(jī)微量）對照vs.明微礦?兩處理相同的礦物水平礦物添加水平:Cu16.5ppm,Zn165ppm,Mn38.6ppm(NRC:Cu5ppm,Zn,50ppm,Mn,20ppm)明微礦?處理組——明微礦?:無機(jī)微量為50:50

試驗期：2007年4月-2010年4月改善受胎率受胎率明微礦?對照組Pvalue總受胎率86.884.5<0.0011胎86.483.6<0.0012胎84.983.90.173胎87.785.80.014胎88.985.4<0.001羥基蛋氨酸螯合礦物質(zhì)的總產(chǎn)子數(shù)、活仔數(shù)及總斷奶仔豬數(shù)都更多。仔豬初生重也顯著提高。提高母豬產(chǎn)仔數(shù)****改善母豬的累積繁殖性能

(統(tǒng)計前4胎)指標(biāo)明微礦?對照組差異SEMP總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)44.1040.763.321.230.02活仔數(shù)41.6138.892.711.220.04木乃伊0.690.670.020.020.47死胎1.801.210.600.03<.001總斷奶數(shù)36.3934.641.730.900.07提高仔豬出生重分組窩數(shù)仔豬出生重(kg)窩仔數(shù)平均值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤平均值對照組1261.250.0212.94明微礦組1351.360.0213.02P-value(2tailtest)<0.0010.450.84斷奶小豬生長性能提升

(d0-42)P<0.01NodifferenceonFCR,P=0.89對支原體免疫反應(yīng)速度更快aabb明微礦?處理組：明微礦?Zn/Cu/Mn替代一半ITMs抗體滴度低于2.8則被認(rèn)為是陰性降低母豬腿病發(fā)生率淘汰率(%)P-value明微礦組對照組腿病10.4316.11<0.001降低母豬的淘汰率存留率(%)P-value明微礦?組對照組1-2胎89.968