國(guó)內(nèi)考生常用的表達(dá)=高分表達(dá)(一)名此類：2.Thefactisthat…=Th4.sadness=sorrow/griefhazard/peril(后面這個(gè)詞語氣很強(qiáng)，危險(xiǎn)程度非同一6.education~schooling(指學(xué)校教育，家庭教育則用upbringing/parenting)[區(qū)分]家庭教育的兩個(gè)詞upbringing是從孩子的角度說的，比如children's如果你寫過關(guān)于廣告的題目，就一定體會(huì)過不停輪換使用advertisement/advertising有多郁悶。其實(shí)主體段論證中完全可以把廣告類細(xì)化，比如commercials(電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的廣告),flyers(傳單廣告，北京最常見的形式就是“135****,辦證”),billboards(大幅的廣告牌)或者non-profitadvertisements=public-interestadvertisements(公益廣告)10.economiccrisis=economicmeltdown(很接近)/recession(這個(gè)一般僅僅還是衰退)/theGreatDepression(這個(gè)則是特指1929年開始的那次了)11.famouspeople=celebrities(單數(shù)為celebrity(娛樂界)名人；名聲)=eminent12.humanbeings(備考生使用過多)=humankind=humanity(注意這個(gè)詞的單數(shù)指人類，復(fù)數(shù)指人文學(xué)科)/thehumanrace~technique(注意這個(gè)詞的正確解釋是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)就是method的故作高深版)16.range=field=sphere(ofactivityorinterest,thesp20.isamustof=isaprerequisitefor(是……的必備先決條件)23.strongbelief=faith(in)26.influence=impact//implication/repercussion反響=reflection27.influenceoneachother=mutualimutualtrust和mutualunderstanding/interactionbetweenAandB/interplay28.manydifferentkindsof…=avarietyof../awidearrayof../awiderangeof…29.wrongideasheldbyma30.fame=feputation≈spectrum≈recognitioncomponent(這個(gè)詞不僅指零件，在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中也經(jīng)常指“部分”)[相關(guān)]sensible(adj.)disparity≈amechanismforaremedyforsth.(生活中經(jīng)常指一種病的治療方法，但學(xué)術(shù)寫作中經(jīng)常用來指某種問題的解決方法，注意搭配的介詞不同)31.badstudents≈unrulystudents(不守規(guī)矩的學(xué)生)/disruptivestudents(不遵守32.badbehavior=unethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior(不道德行為)34.difference[派生]=38.pricesthataretoohigh=exorbitantprices價(jià)格過高的(exorbitanthousing39.therateof…=theincidenceof.…(后面一般跟壞事兒，比如unemployment/文化全球化(有過多人使用這個(gè)詞)=globalcultural54.adiseasethatspreadsquickly=anepidemic(注意這個(gè)詞雖然是-ic結(jié)尾，卻不是形容詞)55.averyunpleasantwayoflife=misery56.ataskthatrequireslotsofeffort=anarduoustask70.narrowminds=insularminds(狹隘的頭腦或者觀念)technology的話題)73.failure=setback(注意作名詞的時(shí)候中間不要加空格)個(gè))75.duty=obligation(用于比較重要的責(zé)任)注意后面這個(gè)詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫法中間沒有空格)81.result=consequence(表示消極的結(jié)果更多一些)82.thelackofknowledge≈considerationsignorance(注意在地道英文里，這個(gè)詞89.shortage(of)=dearth(of)=lackof“缺乏”91.residents=inhabitants92.freetime=sparetime=leisure=vacation=relaxation91.verypopular~prevalent/ubiquitous普遍存在的93.deep=profound(深美語中是個(gè)挺大的詞)97.proud(貶義)=conceited99.notstrict=lenient“寬大的，仁慈的”100.admirable=esteemed令人尊敬的entire=highly-re101.mature≈realisticsophisticated(這個(gè)詞指人的時(shí)候意思是思維成熟老練的)102.veryattractiv104.sad=disappointing=frustrating沮喪的105.cruel≈inhumane/merciless殘酷的overweight/obese(后面這個(gè)已經(jīng)胖出病了)109.quiet=tranquil安靜的andserene(美語中這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)?？梢赃B在一起用)100.boring~monotonous/repetitivemundane(注意這個(gè)詞其實(shí)再美國(guó)很多時(shí)候Strange=complicated=intricateodd/bizarre/eccentric(weird有點(diǎn)過于口語化了)103.different=distinctive與眾不同的=diverse/various各種各樣的111.famous=distinguished=renowned著名的，有聲望的112.positive≈desirable令人滿意的/encouraging115.hardtound解，困惑”117.healthy=wholesome(注意說人的健康還是要用healthy,但是如果說事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome“合乎衛(wèi)生的，健全的”)124.huge=enormous/massive/vast/colossal、numerous(注意要跟可數(shù)名詞)125.small=tiny/miniscule(后面一般跟抽象名詞)/127.poor-quality=substandard不符合規(guī)格的(hous133.progressive(開明的，逐步的，經(jīng)常用來形容government或者society)135.continuingwithlonghistory=time-honored(后面經(jīng)常跟抽象名詞，比如tradition/practice/metho145.beingspreadinuncontrolledway=rampant猖獗的(后面149.enough=comprehensive(綜合的，全面的)adequate/sufficient/ample/abundant注意這四個(gè)(詞的語氣是逐漸遞增的)complete(adj.)完全的完整的151.verylittle=minimal其實(shí)在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中bettersth.是挺常見的表達(dá))growfast=growdramatically/soar/rock這個(gè)詞不見得和生產(chǎn)有關(guān)，只要阻止人們達(dá)到目的，都可以寫它harm(vt.)[派生]harmful[派生]beharmfulto=damage=destroy/ruin(這兩個(gè)詞比damage程度更重)(后面跟thecityscape/scenery/spoilenvironment)(后面跟抽象概念，比如one'sfuture/one'sctarnish使失去光澤，玷污(后面跟one'sreputation/image)sap傷元?dú)?，使衰?dampen抑制(后面跟one'senthusiasm/interest/confidence)這個(gè)詞不見得和生產(chǎn)有關(guān)，只要阻止人們達(dá)到目的，都可以寫它makesth.weak=weaken/erode(侵蝕)/control…(anegativetrend)curb抑≈regulatesth./overseesth.emerge/arise(后者的主語一般是抽象概念，比如decrease=decline/dwindle特指逐漸緩慢的減少)dip/slip(/(后兩個(gè)詞用來指reduce=diminish使減少(多用于文化類或者發(fā)展類中的抽象話題)increase=augment增大(多用于政府投資類話題)AhasmadeB+adj.=AhasrenderedB+adj./n.致使(這里的賓語B后面只能是跟形容詞或者名詞)例.Iamasomewhatshyindividual,butIhavefoundthatwithinthemedicalenvironmentmyshynessevaporates.165.narrow=bridgethegapbetweenAandB(注意這里bridge作動(dòng)詞)maximumprofit/hegemony)o.=convert..ideas/belief這類名詞)flourish/thrivefast-developingburgbuild=constructgathermeasuretegarner[ga:ns]“獲得gauge,比measure稍正式一點(diǎn)~impartsth./inculcate[ink?lkeit諄諄教導(dǎo)sth.(注意如果teach后面是人則不要替換)generate(一般是大規(guī)模的產(chǎn)生，比如generateemploymentopportunities/generatetaxrevenue/electricity)breed(一般是產(chǎn)生消極的東西，比如conflict/crime/resentment)spawn(一般是產(chǎn)生新事物，比如spawninventions/innovations)support=espouse[i'spauz]支持，后面跟某種重要的事業(yè)，類似的還有動(dòng)詞champion(作動(dòng)詞不是冠軍的意思了)和動(dòng)詞praise~compliment/extol(后面這個(gè)語氣很強(qiáng))beworthyofsth=deservesth.值得擁有…prove=confirmverify核證，查實(shí)gain~acquire(注意acquire/gainknowledge比learnknowledge在地道英文中更加常見)need=require(注意主語如果是人稱則一般還需要使用need,但如果主語是事treat…poorly=mistreat…/abuse…“虐待”considersth.valuable=valuesth./treasuresth./cherishsth.“珍惜，珍藏某物”≈maintain/preserve(這個(gè)詞后面經(jīng)常跟traditions/culturalheritage/wildanimals/naturalresources等)keepmix…together=blend/combine/synthesizetacklachieve=fulfill(one'sdream/one'sgoal/opromise/one'stask)sproutup/mushroommake.…lessserious=relieve/ease/alleviate(作文中經(jīng)常用到的搭配有relievestress/alleviatepoverty/easethetrafficcongestion等)經(jīng)注意到了，新托福議論文的題目中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)outweight這個(gè)詞用來比較事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重復(fù)考題中出現(xiàn)過的特征詞匯)promote/facilitate(這兩個(gè)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，所以不需要跟to)preventthedevelopmentof=hinder/impede/inhibit/obstdislikesth.verymuch=hate=abhor/detest/loatheresent/holdagrudisnotlimitedto…=shunisnotrestrictedto…/isnotconfinedto…(經(jīng)常用來描述besosurprised=beastonished/beimprove=boost/enhance(比如boostsolidarity增進(jìn)團(tuán)結(jié)/enhanceproductivi高生產(chǎn)率)waste=use.…lavishly于政府投資類話題)/change…alot=fundamentallychange…/radicallychange…/transtakedown=demolish拆除，破壞/raze拆毀(談到拆老建筑的時(shí)候常用)ban…altogether/strictly/procriticize=condemn/denounce這兩個(gè)詞一般用于政府類話(題，但不要用在教育類)反義：showadownwardtrendhingeon=becontingenton(意思是：取dependon=relyon(意思是：依靠……)doone'sbesttodosth.=commuseup=exhaust(energy/rpour=discharge排放，(環(huán)境類話題常用，比如dischargechemicalwasteintobroadenone'shorizons=expandone'soutlook/enlargeone'svision(broadenone'shorizons這個(gè)句型已經(jīng)被考生使用過多慘遭貶值)legislation(名詞，注意law在特指具體的法律時(shí)可以用復(fù)數(shù)，但是legislation不能用復(fù)數(shù))obey服從，順從=abideby/complywith/conformto(后面跟thelaw/rules/regulations等)commitacrime(注意作文中不要用makeacrime這樣不地道的英文)reverttopunish[派生]punishmentpenalizmakesth.active=stimulate(后面經(jīng)常跟imagination/creativity/interest/stickto=adhereto/clingto(注意后面這個(gè)有時(shí)候略帶貶義)meetthedemand/satisfytheneedtake…awayfromsb.=dehealthylivingcondition. for…(為……打好基礎(chǔ))A和B之間爭(zhēng)取一種平衡)think…as=regard…as/view…as/perceive…asgetridof=eliminate/removeabolish(多用于政府類話題，廢除)make…h(huán)igher=driveup(后面經(jīng)常跟thecrimerate副詞Increasingly+adj.但要注意如果后面不是adj.而是noun,那么就可以用anincreasingnumberof(跟可數(shù)名詞)anincreasingamountof(跟不可數(shù)名詞)來代替primarily/principally/、、mainly=chie