Unit1history['histri]n.歷史，歷史學narrative['n?r?tiv]n.記事，敘事Herodotus[h?'r?d?t?s]n.希羅多德circa['s?:k?]prep.（拉丁語）大約（簡寫c.,ca.,cir.,circ.,C.）Thucydides[θju'sid?di:z]n.修昔底德chronological[.kr?n?'l?d?ik?l]adj.年代學的，按年代順序的territorial[.teri't?:ri?l]adj.區(qū)域性的，地方性的thematically[θi'm?tikli]adv.按主題方式，按專題方式BigHistory大歷史（學派）archaeology[.ɑ:ki'?l?d?i]n.考古學methodology[.meθ?'d?l?d?i]n.方法論approach[?'pr?ut?]n.研究方法discipline['disiplin]n.學科perspective[p?'spektiv]n.觀點thehumanities[hju:'m?nitiz]人文學科thesocialsciences社會科學classification[.kl?sifi'kei??n]n.分類anthropology[.?nθr?'p?l?d?i]n.人類學globalhistory全球史historiography[.hist?:ri'?gr?fi]n.歷史編纂學，史學史，文獻學biographical[.bai?'gr?fik?l]adj.傳記的，傳記體的thematic[θi'm?tik]adj.主題的，專題的medieval[medi'i:v?l]adj.中世紀的philosophyofhistory歷史哲學meta-level['met?'lev?l]總體層面，元級teleological[.teli'?l?d?ik?l]adj.目的論的diplomatic[.dipl?'m?tik]adj.外交的historicalmethod史學方法primarysources原始材料epistemology[i.pisti'm?l?d?i]n.認識論Peloponnesian[.pel?p?'ni:??n]adj.伯羅奔尼撒半島的divine[di'vain]adj.神的，神圣的chronology[kr?'n?l?d?i]n.編年史cyclical['saiklikl]adj.循環(huán)的posthumous['p?stjum?s]adj.身后的，死后的dynastic[dai'n?stik]adj.王朝的SaintAugustine[seint?:'g?stin]n.圣奧古斯丁Christian['kristj?n]adj.基督教的，基督教徒的theRenaissance[r?'neis?ns]n.文藝復興，文藝復興時期religious[ri'lid??s]adj.宗教的Hegel['heigl]n.黑格爾secular['sekjul?]adj.世俗的Ranke[r??k]n.蘭克epic['epik]adj.史詩的，敘事的；史詩，敘事詩nationalistic[.n???n?l'istik]adj.民族主義的FernandBraudel[fer'nanbr?'del]費爾南?布羅代爾LeRoyLadurie[l?rwaladju'ri:]拉魯瓦?拉杜里MarcBloch[markbl?k]馬克?布洛克LucienFebvre[lysj?nfevr]呂西安?費弗爾multi-disciplinary[.m?lti'disiplin?ri]adj.多學科的theAnnales['?n?lz]School年鑒學派quantitativehistory數量史學rawdata原始數據ethnic['eθnik]adj.族群的，族裔的racial['rei??l]adj.種族的genre['?ɑ:nr?]n.類型，流派，風格historyofeverydaylife日常生活史Marxist['mɑ:ksist]adj.,n.馬克思主義（者）的；馬克思主義者EricHobsbawm['erik'h?bsb?m]埃里克?霍布斯鮑姆GeorgesLefebvre[??r?l?'fevr]喬治?勒費弗爾Fran?oisFuret[fran'swafy're]弗朗索瓦?弗雷RolandMousnier[r?'lanmu:'njei]羅蘭?穆尼埃anti-Marxistadj.反馬克思主義的feminist['feminist]adj.女性主義的，女權主義的；女權主義者postmodernist[.p?ust'm?d?rnist]n.,adj.后現(xiàn)代主義者；后現(xiàn)代主義（者）的RichardEvans['rit??d'ev?nz]理查德?埃文斯KeithWindschuttle[keiθ'win??tl]凱斯?溫修德historicalperiodization[pi?ri?dai'zei??n]歷史分期classificatory[.kl?sifi'keit?ri]adj.類別的，分類上的retrospective[.retr?u'spektiv]adj.事后回想的，回顧的theGildedAge鍍金時代theDarkAge(s)黑暗時代theFirstWorldWar第一次世界大戰(zhàn)decimal['desim?l]adj.十進法的，以十為基礎的talismanic[.t?liz'm?nik]adj.護符（般）的，有護符般效力的theVictorian[vik't?:ri?n]Era維多利亞時代theNapoleonic[n?.p?uli'?nik]Era拿破侖時代theMeiji['mei'd?i:]Era明治時代theMerovingian[.m?r?'vind?i?n]Period墨洛溫王朝時期Romantic[r?'m?ntik]period浪漫主義時期thesexual['seksju?l]revolution性革命conservative[k?n's?:v?tiv]adj.保守的RomanCatholic['k?θ?lik]culture羅馬天主教文化Franco['fr??k?u]n.弗朗哥Unit2primitiveculture原始文化PaulTournal[p?lturnal]保羅·杜納爾anté-historique['a:?tei'ist?rik]n.（法語）史前的prehistoric['pri:his't?rik]n.史前的DanielWilson['d?nj?l'wilsn]丹尼爾·威爾遜prehistorian[pri:hi'st?:ri?n]n.從事史前史研究的專家，史前史學家theStoneAge石器時代theBronzeAge青銅器時代theIronAge鐵器時代excavation[.eksk?'vei??n]n.發(fā)掘geologic[d?i?'l?d?ik]adj.地質學的geographic[d?i?'gr?fik]adj.地理學的literate['lit?rit]adj.識字的，有文化的geneticist[d?i'netisist]n.遺傳學家linguist['li?gwist]n.語言學家paleontology[.p?li?n't?l?d?i]n.古生物學biology[bai'?l?d?i]n.生物學geology[d?i'?l?d?i]n.地質學archaeoastronomy[.ɑ:ki?u?s'tr?n?mi]n.考古天文學linguistics[li?'gwistiks]n.語言學molecular[m?'lekjul?]adj.分子的genetics[d?i'netiks]n.遺傳學archaeological[.a:ki?'l?d?ik?l]adj.考古的，考古學上的artifact['ɑ:tif?kt]n.人工制品anonymous[?'n?nim?s]adj.無名無姓的，匿名的Neanderthal[ni'?nd?tɑ:l]n.尼安德特人academic[.?k?'demik]adj.學術上的，從事學術研究的NewGuinea[nju:'gini]n.新幾內亞Paleolithic[.p?li?u'liθik]n.舊石器時代；adj.舊石器時代的theLowerPaleolithic舊石器時代早期Homosapiens['h?um?u'seipienz]n.智人（現(xiàn)代人的學名）Homohabilis['h?um?u'h?bilis]n.能人species['spi:?i:z]n.種類，物種usher['???]vi.引入，引導anatomic[.?n?'t?mik]adj.解剖學上的burial['beri?l]n.埋葬，葬禮，墳墓sophisticated[s?'fisti.keitid]adj.復雜的，精密的，老練的highlight['hailait]n.精彩部分，閃光點theMiddlePaleolithic舊石器時代中期theCro-Magnon['kr??'m?nj??]n.克羅馬尼翁人nomadic[n?u'm?dik]adj.游牧的，游牧民族的，流浪的hunter-gatherern.捕獵采集者egalitarian[i.g?li't??ri?n]adj.平等主義的sedentary['sed?n.t?ri]adj.定居的，固定不動的chiefdom['t?i:fd?m]n.首領的地位，首領的權威stratification[.str?tifi'kei??n]n.分層indigenous[in'did?in?s]adj.土著的，土生土長的，本地的theUpperPaleolithic舊石器時代晚期Mesolithic[.mes?'liθik]n.中石器時代；adj.中石器時代的theMiddleStoneAge中石器時代Neolithic[.ni:?u'liθik]n.新石器時代；adj.新石器時代的Pleistocene['plaist?usi:n]n.更新世；adj.更新世的millennia[mi'leni?](millenniums)n.數千年marshland['mɑ:?l?nd]n.沼澤地midden['midn]n.貝冢deforestation[.di:f?ris'tei??n]n.森林開發(fā)，濫發(fā)森林composite['k?mp?zit]adj.合成的，復合的flint[flint]n.極硬的東西，打火石microlith['maikr?liθ]n.細石器microburin[.maikr?'bju?rin]n.小雕刻刀tackle['t?k?l]n.用具，滑車adze,adz[?dz]n.錛子canoe[k?'nu:]n.獨木舟bow[b?u]n.弓theNewStoneAge新石器時代domestication[d?.mesti'kei??n]n.馴養(yǎng)，馴化warfare['w?:f??]n.戰(zhàn)爭，戰(zhàn)事Stonehenge['st?un'hend?]n.巨石陣millennium[mi'leni?m]n.一千年Sumerians[su:'miri?ns]n.蘇美爾人Peru[p?'ru:]n.秘魯Mesoamerica[.mez?u?'merik?]n.中美洲theFertileCrescent['kres?nt]n.新月沃地（西亞伊拉克兩河流域連接敘利亞一帶地中海東岸的一片弧形地區(qū)，為上古文明發(fā)源地之一）irrigation[.iri'gei??n]n.灌溉theMetalAge金屬時代Chalcolithic[.k?lk?'liθik]n.銅石并用時代；adj.銅石并用時代的theOldWorld舊大陸，東半球（尤指歐洲）metallurgy[me't?l?d?i]n.冶金術，冶金學metalworking['met?l.w?:ki?]n.金屬加工tin[tin]n.錫outcropping['autkr?pi?]n.露出，露出地表arsenic['ɑ:s?nik]n.砷，砒霜ferrous['fer?s]adj.含鐵的cradle['kreid?l]n.搖籃，發(fā)源地valley['v?li]n.流域Euphrates[ju:'freiti:z]n.幼發(fā)拉底河Tigris['taigris]n.底格里斯河Mesopotamia[.mes?p?'teimi?]Nile[nail]n.尼羅河Indus['ind?s]n.印度河subcontinent[s?b'k?ntin?nt]n.次大陸adjacent[?'d?eis?nt]adj.臨近的implement['implim?nt]n.工具，器具ornament['?:n?m?nt]n.裝飾物，裝飾fealty['fi:?lti]n.效忠，忠誠Charlemagne['?ɑ:l?'mein]n.查理曼，查理大帝manuscript['m?njuskript]n.手稿，原稿chansondegeste['?ans??de?est]《武功歌》Frankish['fr??ki?]adj.法蘭克的，法蘭克人的，西歐人的charter['t?ɑ:t?]n.特許狀，憲章Gothic['g?θik]adj.哥特人的，哥特語的，野蠻的pejorative['pi:d??r?tiv]adj.貶低的，輕蔑的fief[fi:f]n.采邑，封地，活動范圍féodalisme[fe?dalism]n.（法語）封建制度，封建主義Montesquieu[.m?ntes'kju:,.m?nt?'skju:]n.孟德斯鳩denigrate['denigreit]v.詆毀，貶低，誣蔑antiquated['?ntikweitid]adj.陳舊的，過時的，古老的AncienRégime[ɑ?sj??re?im]（法語）舊制度，舊政權monarchy['m?n?ki]n.君主制，君主國seigneurial[sei'nj?:ri?l]adj.莊園主的，封建領主的，莊園的ConstituentAssembly（法國大革命期間的）制憲議會AdamSmithn.亞當·斯密serf[s?:f]n.農奴capitalism['k?pit?liz?m]n.資本主義aristocracy[.?ris't?kr?si]n.（總稱）貴族，貴族統(tǒng)治，貴族政府serfdom['s?:fd?m]n.農奴身份，農奴制commendation[.k?men'dei??n]n.稱頌，贊譽commendationceremony贊譽儀式WilliamtheConqueror征服者威廉vassal['v?s?l]n.封臣，附庸tenure['tenju?]n.占有，占有權，占有期，使用權，使用期Fran?ois-LouisGanshof[frɑ?swalwigɑ???f]弗朗索瓦-路易·崗紹夫lord[l?:d]n.封君，領主，貴族，地主sociological[.s?usj?'l?d?ik?l,.s?u?i?'l?d?ik?l]adj.社會學的，社會的hierarchical[.hai?'rɑ:kikl]adj.等級的，等級制度的peer[pi?]n.同行，同輩的人，相同身份的人lordship['l?:d?ip]n.貴族權利，貴族身份，貴族領地anachronism[?'n?kr?.niz?m]n.時代上的錯誤，被置錯時代或年代的事物tyrannical[tai'r?nik?l]adj.暴虐的，壓制的，極端武斷的reciprocal[ri'sipr?k?l]adj.互惠的，相互的，互補的manorialism[m?'n?:ri?lizm]n.莊園制度villa['vil?]n.（古羅馬）大地產antecedent[.?nt?'si:d?nt]n.前例，前事，先祖coloni[k?'l?uni]（colonus[k?'l?un?s]的復數形式）n.科洛尼，隸農self-sufficiency['selfs?'fi??nsi]n.自給自足ruralization[.ru:r?lai'zei?en]n.鄉(xiāng)村化，田園化hierarchy['hai?rɑ:ki]n.（森嚴的）等級制度，僧侶統(tǒng)治manor['m?n?]n.莊園seigneurie[seinj?'ri:]n.（法語）領主權，領地，莊園，領主土地權seigneur[sei'nj?:]n.（法語）領主，莊園主，老爺，貴人，大人bishop['bi??p]n.主教abbot['?b?t]n.（男）修院院長generic[d?i'nerik]adj.一般的，普通的，通常的openfieldsystem敞地制度manorhouse莊園主的宅邸warrior['w?ri?]n.戰(zhàn)士，武士Junker['d???k?,'ju?k?]n.（德語）容克，地主貴族集團villain['vil?n]n.維蘭，農奴demesne[di'mein]n.（領主的）自營地manorial[m?'n?:ri?l]n.莊園的，莊園主的tenant['ten?nt]n.佃戶Essex['eseks]n.埃塞克斯（英格蘭古國）chapter['t??pt?]n.教堂參議會，牧師會cathedral[k?'θi:dr?l]n.主教座堂chapel['t??p?l]n.私人禮拜堂，私人小教堂clergymen['kl?:d?im?n]n.教士manorialization[m?'n?:ri?lai.zei??n]n.莊園化Stokesay['st?uksei]Castle斯托克塞城堡Shropshire['?r?p?i?]n.（英國）什羅普郡tenement['tenim?nt]n.租戶，住戶lay[lei]adj.世俗的bishopric['bi??prik]n.主教管區(qū)，主教職位monastery['m?n?st?ri]n.修道院，隱修院ecclesiastical[i.kli:zi'?stik?l]adj.基督教會的Unit6Medievalism[.medi'i:v?liz?m]n.中世紀主義，中世紀精神，中世紀性質theological[.θi:?'l?d?ik?l]adj.神學的Apostle[?'p?sl]n.使徒Apocalypse[?'p?k?lips]n.世界毀滅，大災難，天啟BookofDaniel['d?nj?l]《但以理書》（《圣經》的組成部分）Jerome['d?er?m]n.哲羅姆BookofRevelation[rev?l'ei??n]《啟示錄》（《圣經》的組成部分）imperium[im'pi?ri?m]n.帝國，絕對統(tǒng)治，最高權力Petrarch['pi.tra:k]n.彼特拉克apogee['?p?d?i:]n.最高點，頂點theology[θi'?l?d?i]n.神學Bruni['bruni]n.布魯尼t(yī)ripartite[trai'pɑ:tait]adj.分成三部分的，一式三份的Florentine['fl?r?ntain,'fl?r?n.ti:n]adj佛羅倫薩的Biondo['bj?:nd?u]n.比昂多ChristophCellarius[s?'l?ri?s]n.克里斯托弗·塞勒里烏斯Estonia[es't?uni?]n.愛沙尼亞Latvia['l?tvi?]n.拉脫維亞Turks['t?:ks]n.土耳其人Gutenberg['gu:tnb?:g]n.古騰堡Muslim['muzlim]穆斯林，伊斯蘭教徒ChristopherColumbus['krist?f?k?'l?mb?s]n.克里斯托弗·哥倫布Florence['fl?r?ns]n.佛羅倫薩baptistery['b?ptist?ri]n.洗禮堂Bosworth['b?sw?:θ]n.博斯沃思theBattleofBosworthField博斯沃思之戰(zhàn)HenriPirenne[a:?ri:pir?n?]n.亨利·皮雷納（皮朗）JohanHuizinga[j?'h?nh?'zinga]n.約翰·赫伊津哈theEarlyMiddleAges中世紀早期theHighMiddleAges中世紀盛期（中世紀中期）theLateMiddleAges中世紀晚期Romanticism[r?u'm?nt?siz?m]n.浪漫主義Pre-Raphaelite['pri:'r?fi?lait]adj.拉斐爾前派的，拉斐爾之前的neo-medievalism[.ni:?u.medi'i:v?liz?m]n.新中世紀主義conservatism[k?n's?:v?tiz?m]n.保守主義Erasmus[i'r?zm?s]n.伊拉斯謨Scholasticism[sk?'l?stisiz?m]n.經院哲學superstition[.sju:p?'sti??n]n.迷信theCatholic['k?θ?lik]Church天主教會（Catholicism[k?'θ?lisiz?m]n.天主教）doctrine['d?ktrin]n.教義Protestant['pr?tist?nt]n.抗議宗教徒，新教徒；adj.新教徒的humanist['hju:m?nist]n.人文主義者pope[p?up]n.教皇pagan['peig?n]adj.異教徒的，異教的，無宗教信仰的；n.異教徒，無宗教信仰者celibate['selibit]adj.獨身的，禁欲的priesthood['pri:st.hud]n.神職，僧職，祭司職hypocrisy[hi'p?kr?si]n.偽善uncouth[?n'ku:θ]adj.粗俗的EdwardGibbon['gib?n]n.愛德華·吉本crusade[kru:'seid]n.十字軍征討Inquisition[.inkwi'zi??n]n.異端裁判所chivalric['?iv?lrik]adj.騎士的romance[r?u'm?ns]n.傳奇文學，浪漫史，冒險故事knight[nait]n.騎士damsel['d?mz?l]n.年輕女人，閨女，落難女子WilliamBlake['wilj?mbleik]n.威廉·布雷克Nazarene[.n?z?'ri:n]n.拿撒勒畫派成員；拿撒勒人，基督Neoclassicism[.ni:?u'kl?s?.siz?m]n.新古典主義virtuosity[.v?:t?u:'?s?ti]n.精湛技巧Vienna[vi'en?]n.維也納Brotherhood['br?e?hud]n.同業(yè)會St.Luke[lu:k]n.圣路加patron['peitr?n]n.庇護者，贊助者，守護神commission[k?'mi??n]n.項目委托，受委托的項目fresco['fresk?u]n.壁畫epicenter['episent?]n.中心，震中HighChurch高教會AugustusPugin[?:'g?st?s'pju:d?in]n.奧古斯都·皮金convert['k?nv?:t]n.改宗者，改變信仰者；[k?n'v?:t]vt.改變，使改變宗教信仰Birmingham['b?:mi?.?m]n.（英國）伯明翰Southwark['sauθw?:k]n.索斯沃克HouseofParliament議會大廈stainedglass彩色玻璃Anglican['??glik?n]adj.安立甘的，英國國教會的Viollet-le-Duc[vj?lel?dyk]n.（法）維奧萊勒迪克Carcassonne[karkas?:n]n.（法）卡爾卡松Notre-Dame[n?trdam]n.（法）圣母院SainteChapelle[?apεl]（法）小圣堂supernatural[.sju:p?'n?t??r?l]adj.超自然的theTeutonic[tju:'t?nik]Order條頓騎士團Ludwig['l?dwig]n.路德維格Wagner['vɑ:gn?]n.瓦格納Nazi['nɑ:tsi]n.納粹MagnaCarta['m?gn?'ka:t?]《大憲章》QueenVictoria[vik't?:ri?]維多利亞女王theEglinton[eg'lint?n]Tournament['tu?n?m?nt]埃格林頓比武大會masquerade[.m?sk?'reid]n.化裝舞會Arthurian['ɑ:θ?ri?n]adj.亞瑟王的Mannerist['m?n?rist]n.矯飾主義者，矯揉造作之人Raphael['r?fei?l]n.拉斐爾Michelangelo[.maik?l'?nd??.l?u]n.米開朗基羅JoshuaReynolds['d???w?'ren?ldz]n.喬舒亞·雷諾茲Mannerism['m?n?rizm]n.矯飾主義Quattrocento[.kwɑ:tr?u't?ent?u]n.十五世紀（歐洲文藝復興初期）Jeanned’Arc(Joan['d??un]ofArc)n.貞德RobinHood[r?bin'hud]n.羅賓漢Nibelungenlied《尼伯龍根之歌》TheSeventhSeal《第七封印》WilliamWallace['w?lis]n.威廉·華萊士Ivanhoe['aiv?nh?u]《劫后英雄傳》RobinHoodPrinceofThieves《俠盜王子羅賓漢》The13thWarrior《終極奇兵》TheKingdomofHeaven《天國王朝》neologism[ni:'?l?.d?iz?m]n.新字，新詞，新語UmbertoEco[?m'b??t?u'i:k?u]n.安伯托·艾柯HedleyBull['hedlibul]n.赫德利·布爾sovereignty['s?vrinti]n.主權Unit7lancer['l?ns?]n.長矛輕騎兵federate['fed?rit]adj.同盟的，聯(lián)合的；vt.使聯(lián)合，結盟Bulgar['b?l.ga:]n.保加利亞人Avars['av?:]n.阿瓦爾人Magyar['m?gjɑ:]n.馬札爾人，匈牙利人Vandalism['v?nd?liz?m]n.汪達爾主義Slavic['sl?vik]adj.斯拉夫人的arena[?'ri:n?]n.競技場Ostrogoth['?str?g?θ]n.東哥特人Suebi['swibi:]n.蘇維匯人Galicia[g?'li?i?]n.加利西亞Burgundian[b?:'g?ndi?n]n.勃艮第人Angles['??glz]n.盎格魯人Saxons['s?ks?ns]n.撒克遜人，薩克森人monasticism[m?'n?stisiz?m]n.修道生活，禁欲主義Arian['?ri?n]adj.阿里烏斯派的Arius['?ri?s]n.阿里烏斯Presbyter['prezbit?]n.長老，牧師Alexandria['?lig'zɑ:ndri?]n.亞歷山大里亞，亞歷山大城Trinity['triniti]n.三位一體GodtheFather圣父GodtheSon圣子GodtheHolySpirit圣靈Clovis['kl?uvis]n.克洛維orthodoxy['?:θ?.d?ksi]n.正統(tǒng)Arianism['??ri?niz?m]n.阿里烏斯派Viking['vaiki?]n.維京人cenobitism[si:n?'baitiz?m]n.修道士生活，修道院制hagiographical[.h?gi'?gr?fik?l]adj.圣徒傳記的，圣徒言行錄的cenobite['si:n?ubait]n.修道士proselytization[.pr?silitai'zei?n?]n.勸使改宗theMerovingian[.m?r?'vind?i?n]Dynasty墨洛溫王朝theCarolingian[.k?r?'lind?i?n]Dynasty加洛林王朝Austrasia[?:s'trei??]n.奧斯特拉西亞Neustria['nju:stri:?]n.紐斯特里亞Merovech[.mer?'vet?]n.墨洛溫mayor['me?](MayorofthePalace)n.宮相denomination[di.n?mi'nei??n]n.面額Romanize['r?um?naiz]v.使羅馬化Quinotaur['kwin?.tau?]n.五角牛（海怪）patriarch['peitriɑ:k]n.家長，元老Pippin['pipin]ofLanden['l?nd?n]朗登的丕平regent['ri:d??nt]n.攝政CharlesMartel['mɑ:tel]n.查理·馬特Tours[tu?]n.圖爾Pyrenees[.pir?'ni:z]n.比利牛斯山脈Carloman['kɑ:l?.m?n]n.卡洛曼Charlemagne['?ɑ:l?.mein]n.查理曼，查理大帝ChronicleofFredegar['fred?g?]《弗萊德加編年史》Chlodio['kl?udj?u]n.克洛迪奧theSalian['seili:?n]Franks撒利克（撒利安）法蘭克人coronation[.k?r?'nei??n]n.加冕liturgy['lit?d?i]n.禮拜儀式，圣餐儀式CarolingianRenaissance加洛林文藝復興Aachen['ɑ:k?n]n.亞琛jurisprudence[.d?uris'pru:d?ns]n.法學體系liturgical[li't?:d?ik?l]adj.禮拜儀式的scriptural['skript??r?l]adj.圣經的Alcuin['?lk?n]n.阿爾昆Northumbria[n?:'θ?mbri?]n.諾森布里亞chancery['t?ɑ:ns?ri]n.大法官法庭minuscule['min?skju:l]n.小書寫體Ottonian[?:'t?uni?n]adj.奧托的LouisthePious虔誠者路易Lothair['l?:θ??]n.羅退爾LouistheGerman日耳曼人路易CharlestheBald禿頭查理EastFrancia['fra:??i?]東法蘭克王國TreatyofVerdun《凡爾登條約》MiddleFrancia中法蘭克王國WestFrancia西法蘭克王國regna['regn?]（regnum['regn?m]的復數形式）統(tǒng)治，統(tǒng)治權CharlestheFat胖子查理Lotharingia[.l?θ?'rind?i?]n.羅泰林吉亞王國（羅退爾王國）(Holy)RomanEmpire（神圣）羅馬帝國Barbarossa[.ba:b?'r?:s?]n.巴巴羅薩Diet['dai?t]n.議會Cologne[k?'l?un]n.科隆Saracen['s?r?s?n]n.薩拉森人，阿拉伯人，(十字軍時代的)伊斯蘭教徒Corsica['k?:sik?]n.科西嘉Sardinia[sɑ:'dini?]n.撒丁島Christianization[.kristj?nai'zei??n]n.基督教化basilica[b?'zilik?]n.長方形教堂Romanesque[.r?um?'nesk]adj.羅馬式的；n.羅馬式（建筑，雕塑，繪畫）vault[v?:lt]n.地下室reliquary['relikw?ri]n.圣骨匣，遺骨匣，圣物箱manuscript['m?njuskript]n.手稿vellum['vel?m]n.（羊）皮紙pigment['pigm?nt]n.顏料，色素HolyScripture《圣經》brethren['breerin]n.（古）同胞，同黨，同會，兄弟Jacob['d?eik?b]n.雅各Confederation[k?n.fed?'rei??n]n.同盟，聯(lián)盟OrderofSaintBenedict['benidikt]圣本篤修會Unit8castellan['kɑ:st?l?n]n.城堡主，寨主trebuchet[.trebju'?et]n.拋石機catapult['k?t?p?lt]n.發(fā)射機theHanseatic[.h?nsi'?tik]League漢薩同盟Venice['venis]n.威尼斯Genoa['d?en?u?]n.熱那亞Pisa['pi:z?]n.比薩sedentarization[.sednt?rai'zei??n]n.定居bastion['b?sti?n]n.堡壘papacy['peip?si]n.教皇政權，教皇職位，教皇制度temporal['temp?r?l]adj.塵世的thePapalMonarchy教皇王國pontificate[p?n'tifikit]n.教皇任期，教皇職位InnocentIII英諾森三世Finnic['finik]adj.芬蘭人的，芬蘭語的assimilation[?'simi'lei??n]n.同化holywar圣戰(zhàn)pilgrimage['pilgrimid?]n.朝圣，朝覲Jerusalem[d??'ru:s?l?m]n.耶路撒冷UrbanII烏爾班二世CouncilofClermont['kl??m?:?]克勒蒙宗教會議indulgence[in'd?ld??ns]n.（天主教）大赦，赦免，特赦，豁免crusader[kru:'seid?]n.十字軍戰(zhàn)士county['kaunti]n.伯國Edessa[i:'des?]n.愛德薩principality[.prinsi'p?liti]n.公國Antioch['?ntj?k]n.安條克Tripoli['trip?li]n.特里波里theKnightsTemplar['templ?]圣殿騎士團theKnightsHospitaller['h?spitl?]醫(yī)院騎士團venue['venju:]n.地點，集合地，會場Manzikert['m?nzik?t]n.曼茲科特AndrewII安德魯二世Cyprus['saipr?s]n.塞浦路斯Lebanon['leb?n?n]n.黎巴嫩algebra['?ld?ibr?]n.代數Aristotelian[.?rist?'ti:lj?n]adj.亞里士多德的theRenaissanceofthe12thcentury（the12thcenturyRenaissance）12世紀文藝復興Gothicstyle哥特式，哥特式風格spectaclesn.眼鏡artesian[a:'ti:zj?n]well自流水井compass['k?mp?s]n.指南針astrolabe['?str?leib]n.星盤3-fieldrotation[r?u'tei??n]system三圃輪種制，三圃制2-fieldsystem二圃制heavyplow重犁virtuous['v?:rt?u?s]adj.有品德的，有德行的，貞潔的Cluny['klu:ni]n.克呂尼austerity[?:s'teriti]n.節(jié)儉，苦行Leo['li:?u]IX利奧九世Investiture[in'vestit??]n.任職儀式，授權儀式，（主教）敘任權theInvestitureControversy（主教）敘任權之爭GregoryVII格里高利七世simony['saim?ni]n.圣職買賣，圣職買賣罪Canossa[k?'n?s?,k?'n?us?]n.卡諾沙WalktoCanossa(WaytoCanossa)卡諾沙覲見Speyer[sp??]n.施佩爾Concordat[k?n'k?:d?t]ofWorms[w?:mz,v?:ms]《沃姆斯宗教協(xié)定》canon['k?n?n]n.主教座堂的教士Waldenses[wal'dεnsiz]n.韋爾多派（法國人彼得·韋爾多PeterWaldo于12世紀創(chuàng)立的一個基督教派別）Franciscan[fr?n'sisk?n]adj.方濟各修會的，圣方濟修會的；n.方濟各修會的修道士Dominican[d?'minik?n]adj.多明我修會的；n.多明我修會的修道士friar['frai?]n.托缽僧sermon['s?:m?n]n.布道baron['b?r?n]n.貴族，男爵borough['b?r?]n.自治鎮(zhèn)，自治市disseise['dis'si:z]v.侵占，強奪Runnymede[.r?ni'mi:d]n.拉尼米德Windsor['winz?]n.溫莎Staines['steins]n.斯泰恩斯despot['desp?t]n.暴君，專制者Unit9entice[in'tais]v.引誘，誘惑Naples['neip?lz]n.那不勒斯Schism['siz?m]n.（教會）分裂divisiveness[di'vaisivnis]n.不和，分裂nation-staten.民族國家Aragon['?r?gɑn]n.阿拉岡Castile[k?s'ti:l]n.卡斯提Navarre[n?'vɑ:]n.那瓦爾theHundredYears’War百年戰(zhàn)爭heretic['her?tik]n.異端分子Boniface['b?nifeis]VIII卜尼法斯八世Avignon[.?vi:n'j?u?]n.阿維農bureaucrat['bju?r?ukr?t]n.官僚baronial[b?'r?uni?l]adj.貴族的parliamentary[.pɑ:l?'ment?ri]adj.議會的theEstatesGeneral（法國）三級會議Calais['k?lei]n.加來pale[peil]n.地區(qū)，范圍Edwardian[ed'w?:di?n]adj.愛德華時代的Caroline['k?r?lain]adj.卡羅林時代的（源于拉丁文，指法王查理五世時期的）Lancastrian[l??'k?stri?n]adj.蘭加斯特時代的，紅玫瑰黨的dynastic[dai'n?stik]adj.王朝的AvignonPapacy阿維農教廷BabylonianCaptivityofthePapacy教廷的阿維農之囚parish['p?ri?]n.堂區(qū)（教區(qū)）Constance['k?nst?ns]n.康斯坦斯MartinLuther['mɑ:tin'lu:θ?]馬丁·路德disenchantment[.disin't?ɑ:ntm?nt]n.失望，幻滅BasilicaofSaintPeter圣彼得大教堂Lutheranism['lu:θ?r?nizm]n.路德宗，信義宗Calvinism['k?lviniz?m]n.加爾文宗，長老宗，歸正宗Anabaptism[?n?'b?ptiz?m]n.再洗禮派rationality[.r???n'?liti]n.理性caricature['k?rik?t??]v.把……畫成漫畫，嘲諷；n.漫畫propagate['pr?p?geit]v.傳播，繁殖sphere[sfi?]n.球體spherical['sferik?l]adj.球體的sphericity[sfi?'risiti]n.球形L’Imagedumonde《世界的樣子》circumference[s?'k?mf?r?ns]n.圓周長autopsy['?:t?psi]n.驗尸，解剖dissection[di'sek??n]n.解剖do