選修七Unit3UndertheseaⅠ.完形填空(2020·安徽省皖西南名校聯(lián)考)OnJune8th,muchoftheworldobservesUnitedNationsWorldOceansDay.Theideaistoremindpeoplehow1.Btheworld'soceansaretoalllifeonEarth,tocelebratetheirbeauty,andtobringattentiontothe2.Ahumanactivityhasontheoceans.Thisyear,the3.Dis“OurOceans,OurFuture”，with4.Cemphasisonfindingsolutionstoplasticpollution,and5.Bmarine(海洋)litterforahealthieroceanandabetterfuture.Theworld'soceansproduceoverhalfofour6.Dforbreath,helpregulateourclimate,absorbcarbondioxide,andsupportthegreatest7.Aoflifeonourplanet.Nearlyhalfofallspecies(物種)onEarth8.Bontheoceansforsurvival,andformanyoftherest,includingforpeople,theoceans9.Cthequalityoflife.Theoceansare10.Avitaltotheworld'seconomy,becausetheyarekeytotransportationandrecreation.And11.Cover95percentoftheunderwaterkingdomremainsunexplored,itisnearlyacertaintythattheir12.Dmayholdthecuretomanyadisease,theresolutiontomanyproblems.Andyet,asmuchas40percentoftheworld'soceansareheavily13.Cbyhumanactivitiesthatresultinpollution,over-fishing,andlossofcoastalhabitats.Ofparticular14.Bisplasticlitter.Someofitcomesfrom15.Athatuseourrivers,lakesandseas,and16.Dmakesitswayintotheocean.But17.Awashesofflandintotheoceaneachyear.Wemustrememberthehealthandsafetyofouroceansisour18.Cresponsibility,onethatwecannotaffordtoignore.19.Dthroughgoodadministrationcanwesafeguardthehealthofouroceans,and20.Bthattheoceanscontinuetomeettheneedsoffuturegenerations.文章大意：文章主要講述了世界海洋日，人們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注海洋健康。1．A.serious B．importantC．a(chǎn)pparent D．a(chǎn)wesome解析：句意：這個想法是要提醒人們，世界海洋對地球上所有生命的重要性，是為了慶祝它們的美麗，并提醒人們注意人類活動對海洋的影響。serious“嚴(yán)肅的；認(rèn)真的”；important“重要的”；apparent“顯然的，易看見的”；awesome“可怕的；令人敬畏的”。根據(jù)題意，故選B。2．A.influence B．resultC．a(chǎn)ffection D．drawback解析：句意：這個想法是要提醒人們，世界海洋對地球上所有生命的重要性，是為了慶祝它們的美麗，并提醒人們注意人類活動對海洋的影響。influence“影響”；result“結(jié)果”；affection“喜愛”；drawback“劣勢”。根據(jù)題意，故選A。3．A.title B．movementC．campaign D．theme解析：句意：今年的主題是“我們的海洋，我們的未來”，尋找解決塑料污染的方法，為了一個健康的海洋和一個更好的未來，阻止海洋垃圾。title“題目”；movement“運動；活動”；campaign“運動；戰(zhàn)役”；theme“主題”。根據(jù)題意，故選D。4．A.vital B．possibleC．special D．fundamental解析：句意：今年的主題是“我們的海洋，我們的未來”，尋找解決塑料污染的方法，為了一個健康的海洋和一個更好的未來，阻止海洋垃圾。vital“至關(guān)重要的”；possible“可能的”；special“特殊的”；fundamental“基礎(chǔ)的；根本的”。specialemphasis“特別強調(diào)”。根據(jù)題意，故選C。5．A.reusing B．preventingC．collecting D．gathering解析：句意：今年的主題是“我們的海洋，我們的未來”，尋找解決塑料污染的方法，為了一個健康的海洋和一個更好的未來，阻止海洋垃圾。reusing“再用；重新使用”；preventing“阻止”；collecting“收集”；gathering“收集；采集”。根據(jù)“forahealthierocean”一個更健康的海洋?？芍獞?yīng)阻止垃圾。根據(jù)題意，故選B。6．A.water B．foodC．a(chǎn)ir D．oxygen解析：句意：世界上的海洋產(chǎn)生了一半以上的氧氣用于呼吸，有助于調(diào)節(jié)我們的氣候，吸收二氧化碳，并支持我們星球上最豐富的生命。water“水”；food“食物”；air“空氣”；oxygen“氧氣”。根據(jù)“forbreath”為了呼吸。根據(jù)常識，可知產(chǎn)生氧氣。根據(jù)題意，故選D。7．A.abundance B．freedomC．independence D．protection解析：句意：世界上的海洋產(chǎn)生了一半以上的氧氣用于呼吸，有助于調(diào)節(jié)我們的氣候，吸收二氧化碳，并支持我們星球上最豐富的生命。abundance“豐富”；freedom“自由”；independence“獨立”；protection“保護”。根據(jù)“Nearlyhalfofallspecies(物種)onEarth”地球上幾乎一半的物種?？芍厍蛏衔锓N豐富。根據(jù)題意，故選A。8．A.base B．dependC．live D．a(chǎn)ttach解析：句意：地球上近一半的物種依賴海洋生存，和許多其他的，包括人，海洋提高了生活質(zhì)量。base“基礎(chǔ)”；depend“依靠，依賴”；live“居住”；attach“附上；貼上”?！癲ependon”依賴，依靠。根據(jù)題意，故選B。9．A.increase B．decreaseC．improve D．develop解析：句意：地球上近一半的物種依賴海洋生存，和許多其他的，包括人，海洋提高了生活質(zhì)量。increase“增加”；decrease“減少”；improve“提高”；develop“發(fā)展”。根據(jù)題意，故選C。10．A.also B．evenC．still D．often解析：句意：海洋對世界經(jīng)濟也是至關(guān)重要的，因為它們是交通和娛樂的關(guān)鍵。also“也”；even“甚至”；still“仍然”；often“經(jīng)?！?。根據(jù)“becausetheyarekeytotransportationandrecreation.”因為它們是交通和娛樂的關(guān)鍵，可知海洋對世界經(jīng)濟是至關(guān)重要的。根據(jù)題意，故選A。11．A.when B．whileC．since D．a(chǎn)lthough解析：句意：由于超過95%的水下王國未被勘探。when“當(dāng)……時候”；while“當(dāng)……時候”；since“因為；既然”；although“雖然”。根據(jù)題意，故選C。12．A.areas B．widthsC．a(chǎn)mounts D．depths解析：句意：它們的深度可以治愈許多疾病，解決許多問題。areas“面積”；widths“寬度；廣度”；amounts“量；數(shù)量”；depths“深度；深處”。根據(jù)“over95percentoftheunderwaterkingdomremainsunexplored，”超過95%的水下王國未被勘探。可知水下王國因為深度未被勘探。根據(jù)題意，故選D。13．A.destroyed B．exploitedC．a(chǎn)ffected D．explored解析：句意：然而，世界上多達(dá)40%的海洋受到人類活動的嚴(yán)重影響，導(dǎo)致污染、過度捕撈和沿海生物環(huán)境的喪失。destroyed“毀滅”；exploited“剝削；開采”；affected“影響”；explored“勘查；探測”。根據(jù)“thatresultinpollution”造成污染?？芍Ｑ笫艿饺祟惢顒拥挠绊?。根據(jù)題意，故選C。14．A.activity B．concernC．reason D．cause解析：句意：特別令人關(guān)注的是塑料垃圾。activity“活動”；concern“關(guān)注；重視”；reason“原因”；cause“原因；動機”。根據(jù)題意，故選B。15．A.ships B．vehiclesC．cars D．travelers解析：句意：其中一些來自通過我們的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，最后流入海洋。ships“船”；vehicles“車輛”；cars“汽車”；travelers“旅行者”。根據(jù)“thatuseourrivers,lakesandseas”在河流、湖泊和海洋上，可推知是船只通行。根據(jù)題意，故選A。16．A.naturally B．controversiallyC．evidently D．eventually解析：句意：其中一些來自使用我們的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，最后流入海洋。naturally“自然地”；controversially“引起爭議地；爭議地”；evidently“明顯地；顯而易見”；eventually“終究；終于”。根據(jù)題意，故選D。17．A.much B．manyC．some D．little解析：句意：但是每年都有大量的土地流入海洋。much“非?！?；many“許多”；some“一些”；little“不多；少許”。根據(jù)題意，故選A。18．A.individual B．nationalC．common D．a(chǎn)lternative解析：句意：我們必須牢記，海洋的健康和安全是我們共同的責(zé)任，我們不能忽視這一責(zé)任。individual“個人的”；national“國家的”；common“共同的；普通的”；alternative“替代的”。根據(jù)“our”我們，可知這是我們共同的責(zé)任。根據(jù)題意，故選C。19．A.Then B．AndC．So D．Only解析：句意：只有通過良好的管理，我們才能保障海洋的健康，確保海洋繼續(xù)滿足后代的需要。Then“然后”；And“和”；So“所以”；Only“僅僅”。根據(jù)“canwe”句中使用倒裝句，可推知使用only強調(diào)句。根據(jù)題意，故選D。20．A.promise B．insureC．foresee D．subscribe解析：句意：只有通過良好的管理，我們才能保障海洋的健康，確保海洋繼續(xù)滿足后代的需要。promise“允諾；許諾”；insure“確保；保證”；foresee“預(yù)知；預(yù)見”；subscribe“訂閱”。根據(jù)題意，故選B。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2020·山東省濰坊市高三期末)Coralreefs(珊瑚礁)areanintegralpartofsealifeandsustainitbyprovidingshelterandhabitattovariousorganisms.Theyalsosupplyandrecyclenutrientsaswellasenableagrowingfishpopulation,alongwithotherspecies,forahealthyanddiverseecosystem.However,theriseinaveragewatertemperaturesduetoclimatechangehasresultedinmorefrequentandlongtime“coralbleaching(白化現(xiàn)象)”eventsthatdamagetheirhealth,causingfishandotherseaspeciestoabandonthem.Inordertorestorethisdelicateecosystem,scientistsfromtheUKandAustraliaconductedastudythatinvolvedusingloudspeakersunderwaterneardamagedcoralreefstomakethemsoundhealthyandattractfish,potentiallykick-startingthenaturalrecoveryprocessofcoralreefsandtheirdependentlifeforms.ThelocationforthisexperimentwastheGreatBarrierReefintheCoralSea,foundalongsidetheeastcoastofQueensland,Australia.Thesiteisnotedtohavethelargestcoralreefsystemintheworld.“Healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces—thecrackleofsnappingshrimpandthewhoopsandgruntsoffish.Youngfishconcentrateonthesesoundswhenthey'relookingforaplacetosettle，”saidSteveSimpson,studyco-authorandaprofessorattheUniversityofExeter,UK.Byusingloudspeakerstocopysuchsounds,partsofdeadcoralreefswerefoundtoattracttwiceasmanyfish,comparedtoplaceswherenosoundswereplayed.“Thesereturningfish,arecrucialforcoralreefstofunctionashealthyecosystems.Boostingfishpopulationsinthiswaycouldhelptokick-startnaturalrecoveryprocesses,preventingthedamagewe'reseeingonmanycoralreefsaroundtheworld，”saidleadauthor,TimGordon.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。由于氣候變暖，海水溫度上升，引起了珊瑚礁的白化現(xiàn)象。為了恢復(fù)生態(tài)，英國和澳大利亞的科學(xué)家采用了新方法——通過播放某些音樂吸引魚來病了的珊瑚礁，希望借助它們來恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。這一方法已經(jīng)初見成效。1．Whatcausesthephenomenonofcoralbleaching？DA．Diversespecies. B．Noisepollution.A．Fishingindustry. D．Climbingtemperatures.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句話可知，是全球變暖引起的海水溫度的持續(xù)上升引起了珊瑚礁的白化現(xiàn)象。2．Whatapproachisintroducedtorecoverthecoralreefs？DA．Removingdamagedcoralreefs.B．Usingloudspeakerstokeepfishaway.A．Buildingnewhomesforseaspecies.D．Playingcertainsoundstoappealtofish.解析：推理判斷題。由第二段第一句話可知，通過播放某些音樂來吸引魚來病了的珊瑚礁，希望借助它們來恢復(fù)病了的珊瑚礁的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。3．WhyareSteveSimpson'swordsquoted？CA．Toprovidesomefindingsofthestudy.B．Toshowtheprogressoftheexperiment.C．Toexplainreasonsforthenewapproach.D．Togiveanothersolutiontotheproblem.解析：推理判斷題。由本段內(nèi)容可推知，本段解釋了這一新辦法的理由。4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？CA．Theattemptsareinvain.B．Naturalrecoveryisimpossible.C．Initialsuccesshasbeenachieved.D．Thecoralreefshavereturnedtonormal.解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，該方法已經(jīng)初見成效。B(2021·濟南市模考)They'reorange,they'rerobotsandthey'recapableofsailingthehighseaswithouthumanintervention.OnTuesdaytheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)launchedapairofSaildrones(海洋無人機)inPacificNorthwestwatersforthefirsttime.TheirsummerlongsailingjourneywillstretchfromVancouverIslandtoCalifornia.TheSaildroneoperatorswillcollectdatatohelpsetfuturefishingseasons.Thegovernmentwantstoseewhetherseagoingrobotscanextendfisherysurveysnowperformedbyexpensivemannedships.NoraCohenfromNOAAsaid，“The23-footlongseagoingrobotscanfollowaremotelyprogrammedcourseforuptoayearatatime.Andtheydon'trequireanyfuel.Weusewindandsolarpowertodrivethesensors.”Headded，“Itmeansthatwe'reabletogotoplaceswherewedon'treallywanttosendpeople,andgointoweatherthatwereallydon'twantanyoneevertobein,andbeabletosendmeasurementsback.”Theprimarymissionistoinvestigatethespeciesandthenumberoffishinexistenceandtheplaceswheretheyare.LarryHufnagle,scientistofNOAAFisheriesinSeattle,saidatraditionalbigNOAAresearchship-basedsurveycostsaround$25,000perday.Bycomparison,oneSaildronecosts$2,500perday.“Itcouldbeasignificantsaving，”Hufnaglesaid.“Butlike,anythingelse,thereisatrade-offinwhatyougetandwhatyoudon'tget.Onthemannedship,wehavelimitedtime.Ittakesalotofpeople.Wespendafairamountofmoney.ButthereisonethingtheSaildronecan'tdothathumanscan:castanettocatchandpositivelyidentifythefishdetectedbelow.TheSaildronesaregoingtogiveusadditionaldata,notreplacementdata.”NoraCohensaidSaildrone,aventurecapital-backedcompanybasedinAlameda,California,expectstolaunchatotalof11ofitsseagoingrobotstosurveydifferentwaterbodiesforNOAAthisyear.TheBeringandArcticseas,CoastalCaliforniaandtheGulfofMexicowillbethelocationsofadditionalmissions.文章大意：本文介紹了海洋無人機的相關(guān)情況。5．Whatisthepurposeofcollectingfishdata？BA．Toexploretheocean.B．Toassistfishingindustry.C．Tolearnthehabitsoffish.D．Toimprovefishingskills.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“TheSaildroneoperatorswillcollectdatatohelpsetfuturefishingseasons”可知，海洋無人機操作員收集數(shù)據(jù)的目的是協(xié)助漁業(yè)。故選B。6．WhatismainlydiscussedabouttheSaildroneinParagraph3？AA．Itsadvantages.B．Itsappearance.C．Itspowersystems.D．Itsprimarymission.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了海洋無人機遵循遠(yuǎn)程編程航線的時間長，不需要任何燃料，能進(jìn)入不想讓人進(jìn)入的地方，能處于不想讓人處于的天氣中，且能發(fā)回測量的結(jié)果，以上這些都是它的優(yōu)勢，故選A。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trade-off”inParagraph5probablymean？DA．Debate. B．Reason.C．Reality. D．Balance.解析：考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞前后的內(nèi)容可知，海洋無人機可以省一大筆開銷，但是也有我們?nèi)祟惪梢宰龅蕉Ｑ鬅o人機無法做到的事情，即它有利有弊，我們要權(quán)衡得失，故D項的意義與畫線詞意義最接近。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext？AA．TheSaildronehasapromisingfuture.B．HufnaglethinkslittleoftheSaildrone.C．Mannedshipswillbecompletelyreplaced.D．Productionofseagoingrobotsisrestricted.解析：考查推理判斷。綜合全文可知，海洋無人機具有使用成本低、遵循遠(yuǎn)程編程航線的時間長、不需要任何燃料、能進(jìn)入不想讓人進(jìn)入的地方且能發(fā)回測量的結(jié)果等優(yōu)點，能夠幫助確定未來的捕魚季節(jié)及進(jìn)行漁業(yè)調(diào)查；且在最后一段談到Saildrone公司今年將預(yù)計總共推出11款遠(yuǎn)洋航行機器人，為NOAA調(diào)查不同的水體。由此可推知，海洋無人機有好的前景。故選A。Ⅲ.短文改錯(2021·廣東省深圳市高級中學(xué)高三年級?？?Asweallknow,overseventypercentofourplanetarecoveredbysea,whereisrichinsaltaswellasfish.What'smore,thereisagreatdealofoilorgasunderthesea.Inotherwords,theseaistheplacewithsomanyimportantthingswelivein.However,withtheworldpopulationincreasedrapidly,overfishinghasbecomeaseriousproblem.Everydayalotofrubbishesandwastewaterarepouredintothesea,sotheseaisbadpolluted.Asaresult,thenumberoffishhasobviouslydecreased.Besides,somearedyingoutorhavebeendiedout.Therefore,itistimeforeverybodyprotectthesea.答案：Asweallknow,overseventypercentofourplaneteq\o(are,\s\do8(is))coveredbysea,eq\o(where,\s\do8(which))isrichinsaltaswellasfish.What'smore,thereisagreatdealofoileq\o(or,\s\do8(and))gasunderthesea.Inotherwords,theseaiseq\o(the,\s\do8(a))placewithsomanyimportantthingsweliveseq\o(in,\