考研外語押題模擬卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1、Withthedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomy,manycompanies

statetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwide

manufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecoming

amultinationalcompany.

Someeconomists(1)betweentheinternationalfirmandthe

multinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the''international

firm"isatermthat(2)enterpriseswithvariousdegrees

ofworldorientationintheirbusiness;(3),the

''multinationalcompany“isonetypeofinternationalfirm.The

internationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor(4)of

activitiesfromexporting,importingandlicensingtofull

scalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational

(5)ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhich

overseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtop

managementbeginsto(6)someattentiontothemtothe

stage(7)thecompanyisgloballyorientedinits

marketing,production,(8),andotherdecisionsand

considersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.

Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstage,itbecomes(9).

Thus,themultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternational

company.Itisa(10)developedinternationalcompanywith

adeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal(11)inits

managementanddecisionmaking.More(12),the

multinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessina

numberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofits

resourcesininternationalbusiness;it(13)

internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithas

a(14)perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant

(15)existamongmultinationalcompanies.First,sucha

companymaynot(16)dobusinessineveryregionand

countryintheworld,(17)_____itconsidersopportunities

throughouttheworld.Second,ithasa(18)_____portionofits

assetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;(19)itmakes

asubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepart

ofits(20)overseas.

A.recognize

B.distinguish

C.discover

D.detect

2、(2)

A.consistsof

B.consistsin

C.convincesof

D.confinesto

3、⑶

A.asamatteroffact

B.foronething

C.ontheotherhand

D.asaresult

4、(4)

A.complication

B.conception

C.cooperation

D.combination

5、(5)

A.entertainment

B.involvement

C.evolvement

D.development

6、(6)

A.assign

B.attend

C.devote

D.adapt

7、(7)

A.how

B.which

C.where

D.when

8、(8)

A.business

B.sales

C.purchase

D.investment

9、(9)

A.multinational

B.international

C.national

D.regional

10、(10)

A.broadly

B.widely

C.highly

D.deeply

11、(11)

A.prosperity

B.aspect

C.prospect

D.perspective

12、(12)

A.specifically

B.specially

C.socially

D.substantially

13、(13)

A.takesin

B.liesin

C.engagesin

D.involvesin

14、(14)

A.citywide

B.countrywide

C.nationwide

D.worldwide

15、(15)

A.difficulties

B.differences

C.similarities

D.relationships

16、(16)

A.totally

B.necessarily

C.completely

D.definitely

17、(17)

A.however

B.but

C.so

D.therefore

18、(18)

A.conspicuous

B.consistent

C.considerable

D.considerate

19、(19)

A.asaresult

B.intheend

C.intheway

D.aboveallthings

20、(20)

A.profits

B.benefits

C.advantages

D.cashes

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Nationalcharacteristicsarenoteasytopindown,andwhen

pinneddowntheyoftenturnouttobetrivialitiesorseemto

havenoconnectionwithoneanother.Spaniardsarecruelto

animals;Italiancandonothingwithoutmakingadeafening

noise;theChineseareaddictedtogambling.Obviouslysuch

thingsdon'tmatterinthemselves.Nevertheless,nothingis

causeless,antieventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteeth

cantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife.

HereareacoupleofgeneralizationsaboutEnglandthatwould

beacceptedbyalmostallobservers.OneisthattheEnglish

arenotgiftedartistically.Theyarenotasmusicalasthe

GermansorItalians;paintingandsculpturehavenever

flourishedinEnglandastheyhaveinFrance.Anotheristhat,

asEuropeansgo,theEnglisharenotintellectual.Theyhave

ahorrorofabstractthought;theyfeelnoneedforany

philosophyorsystematic'world-view'.Noristhisbecausethey

are'practical',astheyaresofondofclaimingforthemselves.

Onehasonlytolookattheirmethodsoftownplanningandwater

supply,theirobstinateclingingtoeverythingthatisoutof

dateandanuisance,aspellingsystemthatdefiesanalysisand

asystemofweightsandmeasuresthatisintelligibleonlyto

thecompilersofarithmeticbooks,toseehowlittletheycare

aboutmereefficiency.

AnotherEnglishcharacteristicwhichissomuchapartofus

thatwebarelynoticeitistheaddictiontohobbiesand

spare-timeoccupations,theprivatenessofEnglishlife.Weare

anationofflower-lovers,butalsoanationof

stamp-collectors,pigeon-fanciers,amateurcarpenters,

coupon-snipers,darts-players,crossword-puzz1efans.Allthe

culturethatismosttrulynativecentersroundthingswhich

evenwhentheyarecommunalarenotofficial一thepub,the

footballmatch,thebackgarden,thefiresideandthe'nicecup

oftea'.Thelibertytheindividualisstillbelievedin,almost

asinthenineteenthcentury.Butthishasnothingtodowith

economicliberty,therighttoexploitothersforprofit.It

isthelibertytohaveahomeofyourown,todowhatyoulike

inyoursparetime,tochooseyourownamusementsinsteadof

havingthemchosenforyoufromabove.

Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearnthat

A.Chineseareindulgedingambling.

B.youarelikelytoencountercruelanimalsinSpain.

C.wheneveranItaliandoesanything,hewillkeepastiff

upperlip.

D.tosummarizeonepeople,scharacteristics,onemust

understandtheirculture.

2、

Whatdoesthesentence“nothingiscauseless,andeventhefact

thatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingaboutthe

realitiesofEnglishlife.(Paragraph1)imply?

A.Englisharewisepeople.

B.Englishmenhavedistinctcharacteristics.

C.TherealitiesofEnglishlifearecausedbysomereasons.

D.Englishmenlovetosaysomethingbadbehindone'sback.

3、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingis

Englishmen'scharacteristic?

A.Theyareafraidofchange.

B.Theyareinbornartists.

C.Theyarestubborn.

D.Theyarepractical.

4、

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Englishmenloverurallife.

B.Englishmenarechildish.

C.Englishmenoftenholdbanquets.

D.Englishmendon'tlikeofficialactivities.

5、

Thewriterdevelopshisideasinthethree-paragraphpassage

bymeansof

A.contrast.

B.comparison.

C.acombinationofcomparisonandexamples.

D.acombinationofcontrastandexamples.

6、Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritory.

Men,afterall,lieandcheatandrobandpollutethe

environmentanddisproportionatelypopulatetheprisons,while

womendotheirbesttoappreciatetheirgoodqualities.Some

women,atleast.Butwiththeriseoffeminism,theassaults

onmen'smoralintegrityhavebecomemorefrequent,andthe

beliefintheirarroganceandlackofconcernforanythingbut

theirownselfishendshasbecomeatruism.It'sthemenwho

aregreedy.It'sthemenwhoaredisloyal.It'sthemenwhowill

doanythingformoney.It'sthemenwhoareimmature.

Intheworldofsport,maleathletesarewhippingboysoftalk

radio.TheyhavegracedthecoverofSportsIllustrate,andon

theinsidehavebeenspokenevi1offorsins,amongthemgreed,

disdainforthefanswhopaytheirunreasonablyhighsalaries,

andalackofrespectforthegamethatthefansloveandthat

hasmadethemrich.

Femaleathletes,ontheotherhand,havebeenplacedona

pedestal一butithasbeenaprettyeasyonetoclimb.Forone

thing,therehasn'tbeenenoughmoneytogetgreedyabout.For

another,therehaven'tbeenanyfans.Andforthird,thosewho

didn'tlovethegamehadabsolutelynoreasontokeepplaying.

Butthankstotheriseofwomen'sbasketball,femalebasketbal1

playeraregoingtofindthemselvestemptedbythesamevanities

thathaveseducedsomanymen一andthoughweknowsomewillgive

in,wedon'tknowhowmany.

Forwomen'sbasketballtobecomeamajorsportinAmerica,as

opposedtoaprofitableonelikearenafootball,somethingis

goingtobeofferedotherthanjustpureskill.Thatsomething

shouldbe,andinfactwillhavetobe,adifferentattitude,

apurersenseofsport,thanthemendeliver.Itmaybeasking

toomuchofwomentowithstandthetemptationsthathavesucked

maleathletesintoprimadonnaposes,butthenagainitmaybe

truethatwomenhaveoccupiedthehighmoralgroundforsolong

becausetheyactuallyaremoresensitivetowhat'simportant

inthelongrun.

Ihonestlydon'tknowhowthisdramawillplayout,butthe

processwilltellusaboutmorethanjustthefateofwomen，s

basketball.Ifwomen,whoaresteadilygainingmoreandmore

controlinthisworld,cantrulyrespondinamorereasonedway

tothepullofpower,thenthereishopeforthe21stcentury.

Butifwomen,asagender,candonobetterthanmenwhengiven

thechance,theninbasketballasinlife,wecanonlylookahead

tomoreofthesame.

Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritorybecause

A.menaren'tasgoodaswomen.

B.mendon，tthinkthatthemoralisimportant.

C.mendoevilthings,whilewomentrytoappreciatetheir

qualities.

D.theheavyburdenoflifeforcesmentobecunningand

worldly.

7、

Femaleathleteskeepplayinginorderto

A.earnenoughmoneytomakealiving.

B.becomefamouspeople.

C.defeatmenathletes.

D.dosomethinginteresting.

8、

Astowithstandingthetemptationsthathavesuckedmale

athletesintoprimadonnaposes,whichofthefollowingdoes

theauthormightagree?

A.Allfemaleathleteswillwithstandthetemptations.

B.Onlyafewathletesareabletowithstandthetemptations.

C.Mostfemaleathletesareabletowithstandthetemptations.

D.Thenumberoffemaleathleteswhowillwithstandthe

temptationsisunknown.

9、

Womenhaveoccupiedthehighmoralgroundforsolongbecause

A.theyaremoresensibletowhat'swrongthanmen.

B.theyaremoresensitivetowhat，sessentialinthelongterm

thanmen.

C.theyaremorewisetowrongdoingsthanmen.

D.theyaremoreintelligentthanmeninsomeareas.

10、

Thereishopeforthe21stcenturyifwomencan

A.overcomemenentirely.

B.controltheworldabsolutely.

C.shoulderthefateofhumanbeing.

D.reallyreactinamorereasonablewaytotheinfluenceof

power.

11、PotentialAIDSvictimswhorefusetobetestedforthe

diseaseandthendefendtheirrighttoremainignorantabout

whethertheycarrythevirusareentitledtothatright.But

ignorancecannotbeusedtorationalizeirresponsibility.

Nowhereintheirargumentistheirconcernabouthowsuch

ignorancemightendangerpublichealthbyexposingothersto

thevirus.

Whenadiseaseselectivelyattacksthesociallydisadvantaged,

suchashomosexualsanddrugabusers,itseemsaninjustice

beyondrationalization.Suchisthecasewithacquiredimmune

deficiencysyndrome.

Somecrucialfacts:AIDSisacommunicabledisease.The

percentageofthoseinfectedwiththeAIDSviruswhowill

eventuallycontractthediseaseisunknown,butthatpercentage

riseswitheachnewestimate.Thediseasesofarhasbeen100

potential.Thelatencyperiodbetweenthetimethevirusis

acquiredandthediseasedevelopsisalsounknown.

Wenowhavetestsforthepresenceofthevirusthatisas

efficientandreliableasalmostanydiagnostictestin

medicine.Anindividualwhotestspositivecanbepresumedwith

near-certaintytocarrythevirus,whetherhehasthedisease

ornot.

TostatethatthetestforAIDSis"ambiguous”,asaclergyman

recentlyinpublic,isamisstatementandanimmoralact.The

testcorrelatessoconsistentlywiththepresenceofthevirus

inbacteriaculturesastobeconsidered100percentcertain

byexperts.

Everyonewhotestspositivemustunderstandthatheisa

potentialpersonfortheAIDSvirusandhasamoraldutyand

responsibilitytopreventothersfrominfection.Wearenot

justdealingwiththeprotectionoftheinnocentbutwithan

essentialsteplocontainthespreadofanepidemicashorrible

asanythathasbefallenmodernman.

Itmayseemunfairtoburdenthetragicvictimswithconcern

forthewelfareofothers.Butmoralresponsibilityisnota

luxuryofthefortunate,andevilactionscommittedindespair

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J15

cannotbecondemnedoutofpity.Itismorallywrongfora

healthyindividualwhotestspositiveforAIDStobeinvolved

withanyoneexceptunderthestrictprecautionsnowdefinedas

safesex.

Itismorallywrongforsomeoneinahighriskpopulationwho

refusestotesthimselftodootherthantoassumethathetests

positive.Itismorallywrongforthosewho,outofsympathy

fortheheartbreakingvictimsofthisepidemic,asthough

well-wishingandplatitudesabouttheambiguitiesofthe

diseasearenecessaryinordertocomfortthevictimswhilethey

contributetoenlargingthenumberofthosevictims.Moral

responsibilityistheburdenofthesickaswellasthehealthy.

AsforwhetherpotentialAIDSvictimscarryingthevirus,the

authorsuggeststhat

A.theyhavetherightto.bekeptinthedark.

B.theyhavetherighttobeprotected.

C.ignorancemayresultinseriousconsequences.

D.ignorancemaybringindifferencetothedisease.

12、

Thephrase“thelatencyperiod/，(Paragraph3)probablymeans

A.thegrowingperiod.

B.theinactiveperiod.

C.theacutestage.

D.thechronicstage.

13、

Accordingtoexperts,thetestforAIDSis

A.100percentcertaintyconnectedwiththepresenceofthe

virusincultures.

B.ambiguousbecauseeventheythemselvesarenotcertain.

C.inaccuratebecausethereareconsistentlyconfusing

results.

D.notconnectedwiththepresenceofthevirus.

14、

Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusthat

A.thosewhorefusetobetestedforAIDSarejustifiable.

B.peopleshouldtakeprecautionsagainstAIDS.

C.peopleshouldcondemnthosewhoareirresponsible.

D.thesickshouldtakethemoralresponsibilityofprotecting

publichealth.

15、

Thelastthreesentencesinthepassageserveto

A.restatetheauthor'spurposeinthewriting.

B.blamethosewhorefusetobetestedforAIDS.

C.emphasizetheimportanceofthetestforAIDS.

D.concludetheessaybyrestatingthemainarguments.

16、AdamSmith,theScottishprofessorofmoralphilosophy,

wasthrilledbyhisrecognitionoforderintheeconomicsystem.

Hisbook,theWealthofNations(1776),isthegerminalbook

inthefieldofeconomicswhichearnedhimthetitle"thefather

ofeconomics”.

InSmith'sview,anation，swealthwasdependentupon

production,notagriculturealone.Howmuchitproduced,he

believed,dependeduponhowwel1itcombinedlaborandtheother

factorsofproduction.Themoreefficientthecombination,the

greatertheoutput,andthegreaterthenation'swealth.

TheessenceofSmith'seconomicphilosophywashisbeliefthat

aneconomywouldworkbestiflefttofunctiononitsownwithout

governmentregulation.Inthosecircumstances,self-interest

wouldleadbusinessfirmstoproduceonlythoseproductsthat

consumerswanted,andtoproducethematthelowestpossible

cost.Theywoulddothis,notasameansofbenefitingsociety,

butinanefforttooutperform,theircompetitorsandgainthe

greatestprofit.Butallthisself-interestwouldbenefit

societyasawholebyprovidingitwithmoreandbettergoods

andservice,atthelowestprices.

Smithsaidinhisbook:"Everyindividualendeavorstoemploy

hiscapitalsothatitsproducemaybeofgreatestvalue.He

generallydoesn'tintendtopromotethepublicinterest.He

intendsonlyhisownsecurity,onlyhisgain.Andheisinthis

ledbyaninvisiblehandtopromotethatwhichwasnopartof

hisintention.

The''invisiblehand“wasSmiths，namefortheeconomicforces

thatwetodaywouldcallsupplyanddemand.Smithagreedwith

thephysiocratsandtheirpolicyof"laissezfaire”,letting

individualsandbusinessesfunctionwithoutinterferencefrom

governmentregulation.Inthatwaythe"in-visiblehand"would

befreetoguidetheeconomyandmaximizeproduction.

Smithwasverycriticalofmonopolieswhichrestrictedthe

competitionthathesawasvitalforeconomicprosperity.He

recognizedthatthevirtuesofthemarketmechanismarefully

realizedonlywhenthechecksandbalancesofperfect

competitionarepresent.Perfectcompetitionreferstoamarket

inwhichnofirmorconsumerislargeenoughtoaffectthemarket

price.Theinvisiblehandtheoryisabouteconomiesinwhich

allthemarketsareperfectlycompetitive.Insuch

circumstances,marketswillproduceanefficientallocationof

resources,sothataneconomyisonitsproduction-possibility

frontier.Whenallindustriesaresubjecttothechecksand

balancesofperfectcompetition,marketscanproducean

efficientbundleofproductswiththemostefficienttechniques

andusingtheminimumamountofinputs.Butwhenmonopolies

becomepervasive,theremarkableefficiencypropertiesofthe

invisibleeconomicphilosophydisappear.

WhatisthecoreofAdamSmith'seconomicphilosophy?

A.Self-interestisthelife-lineofeconomicactivities.

B.Governmentshouldn，tinterveneintheeconomy.

C.Competitionwillbenefitthesocietyforconsumers'needs

aretended.

D.Economicforcesshouldbeintendedtopromotepublic

interest.

17、

Whatdoesthe''invisiblehand，z(Paragraph5)referto?

A.Supplyanddemand.

B.Laissezfaire.

C.Self-interest.

D.Marketmechanism.

18、

InSmith'sview,monopolies

A.willleadtheeconomytoastop.

B.canhardlyrealizethechecksandbalancesofcompetition.

C.maybringaboutaviciouscircleofhighproductionandlow

demand.

D.willdamagetheeconomycompletely.

19、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

A.anefficiencyallocationofresourcescanonlybeachieved

inafreemarket.

B.perfectcompetitioncanberealizedinafreemarket.

C.self-interestcanhelptomaximizeproductionandminimize

inputs.

D.monopoliessometimescanhelpacceleratethedevelopment

ofafreemarket.

20、

Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethewaytheauthor

writesthepassage?

A.Anargumentagainstapopularbelief.

B.Anassumptionofafalsetheory.

C.Anexplanationofatheory.

D.Anaccountofaphenomenon.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalist

ofexamplesorheadings.Choosethemostsuitableonefromthe

listA-Fforeachnumberedposition(41-45).Theremaybe

certainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

A.DifferentbehaviorsoftheInternetaddicts

B.ThefindingofaresearchontheInternetaddicts

C.TheInternetaddictionmaydestroyafamily

D.Theestablishmentofanewserviceforwebaddicts

E.TwoexamplesofharmoftheInternetaddiction

F.heInternetaddictionmaycausemanyproblems

It'stheequivalentofinvitingsexaddictstoabrothelor

holdinganAlcoholicsAnonymous(AA)meetingatthepub.

Internetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyed,keyboardtapping

waysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.

(41).

Thereisnowanonlinecounselingserviceatwww.Relate,org.nz

forInternetobsessives.Justemailthedetailsofyour

Internet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.

Thenewbreedofcyber-therapistsseenothingstrangeabout

offeringhelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheir

clients(freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages.

(42).

ThoughsomemayregardInternetaddictionasanotherdubious

ailmentdreameduptokeeptherapistsinwork,Relationship

Servicessaystheproblemisreal.TherapistRobinPaulsays

theretendtobetwoscenarios.Somepeoplemeetthroughchat

roomsandfallinlove.It'slikehavinganaffair,thenthey

meetandit'slikeawhirlwindhoneymoon.It'sdevastatingfor

thepersonleftbehindandquiteoftenithasnorealfoundation.

Thesecondscenarioisthatapersonstartsspendingmoreand

moretimeontheNet.Theymaynotmeetsomeoneelsebutthey

don'tspendanytimewiththeirpartnerandofcoursethe

relationshipsuffers.

(43).

Suchstoriesmayappeartobealmosturbanlegends,soashamed

areInternetaddictsandtheirpartners.Arecentsurveyof

17,251Internetusersfoundnearly6percenthadsomesortof

addictiontothemedium.Theyrevealedthattheironlinehabit

contributedtodisruptedmarriages,childhooddelinquency,

crimeandover-spending.Tapintoonlineaddictionsitesand

you'11findmessagessuchas:"Hello,mynameisBobandI'm

aWebaholic.”

(44).

WitnesstheplightofOhiowomanKelliMichetti,wholiterally

becameacomputerhackerbecauseofherhusband'sconstant

onlinechatting.Whenshecrashedameatcleaverthroughher

0-----￡

L23

husband'scomputerterminalthatsolvedtheproblem,although

naturallyitledtodifficultieswiththepolice.Ortakethe

classicInternetaddictionstoryofIngridParker,awomanwho

becamesuchaslavetotheInternet—especiallychat

rooms一thatittookoverherlife.Shemadedowithtwohours)

sleepanight,hadmarathonweekendcomputersessionsofupto

17hoursandfellinlovewithamarriedmanintheUSstate

ofOregon.

(45).

Dr.KimberlyYoung,whosetupTheCentreforOnlineAddiction

(www.netaddiction.com)inAmerica,studied396peoplewhomshe

consideredwerepsychologicallydependentontheNet.They

rangedinagefrom14to70andspentanaverageof38.5hours

aweekontheWeb.Herstudy,backedbyfurtherresearchin

Britain,foundthatwomenweremorelikelytobecomeaddicts.

Sowhiletheoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospent

hoursplayinggames,downloadingsoftwareorreadingmessages

onnewsgroups,thenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofritters

awayhourse-mailingfriends,buyingbooksandCDsonline,

talkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornext

year，sholiday.

“IguessIwasatypicalexampleofsomeonehookedonthe

Internet,，zsaysParker,whonowspendsjustanhouradayonline.

"Idon'tthinkanyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelati

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

(46)ScientistsatJohnsHopkinshavediscovered"striking”

diffe